# Leviathan Cave, Nevada 13,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/29592 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-29592.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/n58f-my06 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/nevada/leviathan2020precip-iso-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Leviathan Cave Precipitation Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-05-13 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-31 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Leviathan Cave, Nevada 13,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Lachniet, M.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-0144); Asmerom, Y.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1294); Polyak, V.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2010-1066); Denniston, R.F.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6346-1221) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Speleothem stable isotope (d18O, d13C) data from stalagmite LC-1 collected in Leviathan Cave, Nevada for the past 13,000 years, plus precipitation isotopes and regional aridity index. Data set updated 4 September 2020: addition of data and information from Supplementary Tables S2, S3, and S4 (precipitation isotopes, regional records, and aridity index), plus smoothed annual-resolution stable isotope data. Ages reported in years before CE 2000. d18O and d13C are in permil relative to the VPDB scale, based on calibrated internal standards. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Matthew S. Lachniet, Yemane Asmerom, Victor Polyak, Rhawn Denniston # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Published_Title: Great Basin Paleoclimate and Aridity Linked to Arctic Warming and Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020 # Volume: 37 # Pages: # Issue: 7 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2019PA003785 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The arid southwestern United States is susceptible to sustained droughts that impact water resources and economic activity for millions of residents. Previous work has not systematically investigated the structure, timing, and possible forcings of Holocene Great Basin sub-orbital hydroclimate changes, impeding our ability to understand the potential future controls on Southwestern aridity. The objective of this paper is to constrain the potential forcings on Holocene aridity and temperature, via comparison of new high-resolution speleothem data, an Aridity Index synthesizing hydroclimate records, and linkages of Southwestern paleoclimate to other regions. The high-resolution data from Leviathan Cave provide a paleoclimate record since 13,400 yr ago: A cool Younger Dryas was followed by two pronounced Middle Holocene aridity intervals between 9,850 and 5,310 yr B2k characterized by low growth rates and high d18O and d13C values. Subsequently, stalagmite d18O values show near-modern levels for the last four millennia during which time growth rates were high and d13C values were low in response to wetter conditions. The regional Aridity Index documents that Middle Holocene drying coincided with a warm Arctic and decreased sea ice extent, a warm western tropical Pacific, and a large sea surface temperature gradient across the tropical Pacific, all of which likely responded to northern hemisphere summer insolation forcing. Our data suggest that extreme Middle Holocene aridity is more severe than the short medieval droughts evident in the tree ring record, and such extreme aridity may represent a worst-case analog for future climate. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: EAR-0326902, EAR-0521196, AGS-1405546 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Leviathan Cave # Location: Nevada # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.89 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.89 # Easternmost_Longitude: -115.58 # Westernmost_Longitude: -115.58 # Elevation_m: 2400 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Leviathan2020precipiso # First_Year: 2007 # Last_Year: 2017 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## Year age,,,year Common Era,,instrumental,,,N, ## Month age,,,month of year,,instrumental,,,N, ## Day age,,,day of month,,instrumental,,,N, ## Longitude longitude,,,degree east,,instrumental,,,N, ## Latitude latitude,,,degree north,,instrumental,,,N, ## Elev collection elevation,,,meter,,instrumental,,,N, ## d2H delta 2H,precipitation,,per mil VSMOW,,instrumental,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O delta 18O,precipitation,,per mil VSMOW,,instrumental,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## dx deuterium excess,precipitation,,per mil VSMOW,,instrumental,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## Max maximum temperature,,,degree Celsius,,instrumental,,,N,Max Daily Temperature ## Min minimum temperature,,,degree Celsius,,instrumental,,,N,Min Daily Temperature ## Mean temperature,,,degree Celsius,,instrumental,,,N,Mean Daily Temperature ## precip precipitation,,,millimeter,,instrumental,,,N,Daily precipitation ## snow snowfall,,,millimeter,,instrumental,,,N,Daily snowfall ## snowdepth snow depth,,,millimeter,,instrumental,,,N,Snow Depth ## s-type notes,,,dimensionless,,instrumental,,,N,Sheridan type #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: Year Month Day Longitude Latitude Elev d2H d18O dx Max Min Mean precip snow snowdepth s-type 2007 7 24 -115.141265 36.108059 617 -32 -3.5 -4.3 35.6 24.4 30.0 0.762 0 0 4 2007 8 1 -115.141265 36.108059 617 -53 -7.0 2.8 32.2 23.9 28.1 4.572 0 0 6 2007 8 27 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -22 -1.9 -7.0 33.9 22.2 28.1 14.732 0 0 1 2007 8 27 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12 7 -115.141265 36.108059 617 -105 -13.7 4.4 11.1 4.4 7.8 7.112 0 0 7 2009 12 7 -115.141265 36.108059 617 -150 -20.5 13.6 11.1 4.4 7.8 7.112 0 0 7 2010 1 19 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -54 -7.0 1.7 11.7 4.4 8.1 12.446 0 0 4 2010 1 19 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -75 -11.3 15.3 11.7 4.4 8.1 12.446 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -73 -10.5 10.2 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -58 -8.8 11.8 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -58 -8.6 10.9 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -60 -8.8 9.9 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -58 -8.6 10.8 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -63 -9.3 11.3 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -63 -9.5 12.5 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -55 -8.6 13.7 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -73 -10.7 13.1 8.9 2.2 5.6 6.858 0 0 4 2010 1 20 -115.272541 36.183575 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-115.272541 36.183575 781 -120 -17.0 16.3 12.8 8.9 10.8 25.654 0 0 4 2010 12 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -139 -18.1 5.9 12.8 8.9 10.8 25.654 0 0 4 2010 12 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -138 -18.3 8.5 12.8 8.9 10.8 25.654 0 0 4 2010 12 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -113 -14.9 6.7 12.8 8.9 10.8 25.654 0 0 4 2010 12 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -77 -10.6 8.0 12.8 8.9 10.8 25.654 0 0 4 2011 1 3 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -106 -15.5 17.9 7.2 1.7 4.4 0.254 0.1 0 5 2011 1 3 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -123 -17.5 17.5 7.2 1.7 4.4 0.254 0.1 0 5 2011 1 3 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -144 -19.8 14.1 7.2 1.7 4.4 0.254 0.1 0 5 2011 1 3 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -129 -17.7 12.9 7.2 1.7 4.4 0.254 0.1 0 5 2011 4 9 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -97 -12.7 4.5 13.9 5.0 9.4 0 0 0 2 2011 5 18 -115.14147 36.111106 616 -84 -10.5 -0.6 19.4 13.3 16.4 0.254 0 0 5 2011 7 9 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -38 -0.3 -35.6 39.4 26.1 32.8 0.1 0 0 6 2011 7 10 -115.615 36.305 2420 -22 1.4 -32.4 37.2 28.3 32.8 0.254 0 0 6 2011 8 28 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -58 -9.6 18.5 41.7 28.3 35.0 0 0 0 3 2011 12 12 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -91 -13.8 18.8 9.4 3.9 6.7 2.286 0 0 4 2011 12 12 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -99 -14.5 17.2 9.4 3.9 6.7 2.286 0 0 4 2011 12 18 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -67 -10.2 14.6 13.3 6.1 9.7 1.27 0 0 1 2012 7 14 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -39 -7.0 16.5 33.9 21.7 27.8 0.508 0 0 1 2012 7 15 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -44 -6.6 9.5 32.8 23.9 28.3 0.1 0 0 1 2012 7 31 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -69 -9.3 6.0 30.0 24.4 27.2 1.27 0 0 4 2012 7 31 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -72 -9.5 4.5 30.0 24.4 27.2 1.27 0 0 4 2012 7 31 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -55 -6.4 -3.0 30.0 24.4 27.2 1.27 0 0 4 2012 8 1 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -70 -9.4 5.5 33.3 22.8 28.1 6.096 0 0 1 2012 8 1 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -56 -7.0 0.5 33.3 22.8 28.1 6.096 0 0 1 2012 8 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -57 -9.0 15.1 28.9 20.6 24.7 41.91 0 0 4 2012 8 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -61 -9.9 18.6 28.9 20.6 24.7 41.91 0 0 4 2012 8 22 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -67 -10.7 18.7 28.9 20.6 24.7 41.91 0 0 4 2012 9 11 -115.14147 36.111106 616 -59 -9.3 14.9 30.6 20.0 25.3 29.972 0 0 4 2012 10 11 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -36 -6.5 15.9 20.0 11.7 15.8 19.812 0.1 0 4 2012 10 11 -115.272541 36.183575 781 -40 -6.5 12.1 20.0 11.7 15.8 19.812 0.1 0 4 2012 10 11 -115.14147 36.111106 616 -38 -6.6 14.9 20.0 11.7 15.8 19.812 0.1 0 4 2013 3 8 35.231973 -115.338447 1690 -145 -20.2 16.9 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.110544 -115.141791 620 -47 -6.9 8.1 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.110544 -115.141791 620 -34 -3.7 -3.9 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.110544 -115.141791 620 -102 -15.9 24.8 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.110544 -115.141791 620 -120 -15.0 0.6 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.110544 -115.141791 620 -102 -11.9 -6.6 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.232424 -115.330867 890 -133 -18.2 12.3 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.232424 -115.330867 890 -134 -18.4 13.3 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.232424 -115.330867 890 -132 -18.1 13.1 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.232424 -115.330867 890 -134 -17.3 4.8 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.232424 -115.330867 890 -115 -15.2 6.6 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 8 36.158916 -115.352123 970 -105 -14.6 11.9 11.7 6.7 9.2 3.81 0 0 4 2013 3 9 36.232424 -115.330867 890 -126 -17.3 12.8 17.2 7.2 12.2 0.1 0 0 1 2013 8 3 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -96 -13.6 12.0 40.0 25.0 32.5 0 0 0 3 2014 9 7 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -29 -4.9 10.3 36.7 25.6 31.1 0.508 0 0 6 2014 9 7 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -9 -0.5 -5.1 36.7 25.6 31.1 0.508 0 0 6 2015 2 23 -115.394318 36.143217 1048 -166 -22.6 14.4 9.4 3.3 6.4 9.398 0 0 5 2015 8 17 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -31 -5.1 10.5 43.3 31.7 37.5 0 0 0 3 2015 10 5 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -26 -5.6 18.9 21.1 14.4 17.8 15.748 0 0 4 2015 10 5 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -25 -5.1 15.9 21.1 14.4 17.8 15.748 0 0 4 2015 10 6 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -62 -8.4 5.4 25.0 15.0 20.0 0 0 0 1 2015 10 14 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -34 -6.2 15.6 34.4 22.8 28.6 0 0 0 3 2015 10 16 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -50 -5.2 -7.9 26.7 20.0 23.3 1.524 0 0 6 2015 10 18 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -58 -8.8 12.6 25.6 15.0 20.3 3.302 0 0 6 2015 11 4 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -128 -15.8 -1.4 12.8 7.2 10.0 4.826 0 0 4 2016 1 6 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -89 -13.2 16.9 12.8 7.2 10.0 0.1 0 0 4 2016 1 19 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -87 -10.9 -0.3 10.6 4.4 7.5 1.27 0 0 4 2016 1 31 -115.35212 36.158896 968 -45 -5.7 0.4 16.7 5.6 11.1 3.81 0 0 7 2016 2 1 -115.504097 36.017099 1675 -147 -20.2 15.3 8.3 3.3 5.8 2.286 0 0 7 2016 4 8 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -85 -12.5 15.0 23.3 15.0 19.2 2.032 0 0 6 2016 4 10 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -83 -12.1 13.9 16.7 11.1 13.9 3.556 0 0 4 2016 4 10 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -82 -12.2 15.8 16.7 11.1 13.9 3.556 0 0 4 2016 4 26 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -85 -9.6 -8.6 23.9 12.8 18.3 0 0 0 1 2016 4 27 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -86 -11.4 5.2 24.4 13.9 19.2 1.016 0 0 1 2016 4 29 -115.141791 36.110544 620 -109 -14.8 9.3 25.0 11.7 18.3 0 0 0 7 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