Avaiki Cave, Niue Island, South Pacific Stalagmite Layer Thickness Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Avaiki Cave, Niue Island, South Pacific Stalagmite Layer Thickness Data LAST UPDATE: 1/2007 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Michael Rasbury and Paul Aharon IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-005 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Rasbury, M. and P. Aharon. 2006. Avaiki Cave, Niue Island, South Pacific Stalagmite Layer Thickness Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2007-005. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Rasbury, M. and P. Aharon. 2006. ENSO-controlled rainfall variability records archived in tropical stalagmites from the mid-ocean island of Niue, South Pacific. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q07010, doi:10.1029/2005GC001232. ABSTRACT: Niue Island is located in close proximity to the epicenter of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), and its rainfall variability is controlled by changes in the phase of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Four actively growing stalagmites displaying couplets of light and dark calcite layers were sampled from a flank-margin cave on Niue Island in order to determine the dominant climate factor controlling lamina thickness and establish the usefulness of the stalagmites as archives of ENSO variability records. Couplets counting, AMS radiocarbon assays, and growth rates analysis (mean growth rate: 0.34 ± 0.04 mm/yr for n = 604) support the premise that these couplets are annually deposited and their stalagmites contain records of up to two centuries long. Comparison of band thickness records with instrumental records of air temperature and rainfall kept on the island since 1930 and 1906,respectively, suggests that rainfall variability is the dominant controlling factor. Coherency between the spectral power of the annual layers unraveling periodicities at 2.4 and 5.4 years and that of annual and monsoon rainfall at 2.4–2.7 and 5.2 years corroborates the rainfall control on the band thickness variability of the Niuean stalagmites. Phase lags and amplitude discrepancies between rainfall and stalagmite records are attributed to the impact of torrential rains accompanying cyclones that occasionally struck the island. The excellent agreement between the periodicities prominent in the Niuean stalagmites and those typical of the ENSO phenomenon (2.4 and 4.3–6.0 years) suggests the latter exerts a dominant control on the stalagmite growth rates via rainfall variability. Interdecadal periodicities at 10, 14, and 30 years contained in the Niuean stalagmites spectral power are tentatively attributed to ENSO phase changes driven by the Inter-Decadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). The Niuean stalagmites, exhibiting relative fast growth rates and prominent layered sequences, hold promise to provide continuous century to millennium-long high resolution atmospheric records of ENSO history that will complement and expand the sea surface temperature records archived in tropical Pacific corals. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: South Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 1760 - 2001 AD DESCRIPTION: Couplet thickness determinations in the four coeval stalagmites from the Avaiki Cave (19° 0'S, 169° 50'W) were made under transmitted light microscopy on polished thin sections cut parallel to the growth axis. The assumed annual couplets were measured along the center of the growth axis on digital images captured with a SPOT Insight 5.0 megapixel digital camera mounted on a Nikon SMZ800 binocular microscope using SPOT advanced software. A frequency-selective band-pass-filter of 3.3 to 6.7 years was applied to the data to inspect the ENSO periodicities. The filter was constructed using a general-purpose data analysis and visualization software package (IDL version 6.2, Research Systems Inc., 2005, http://www.rsinc.com). DATA: Stalagmite ASM1 Year AD ASM1(mm) ASM1 STD ASM1 (6.7 to 3.3 filter) 2001 0.499 1.014 -0.005 2000 0.312 -0.258 -0.002 1999 0.436 0.585 0.004 1998 0.427 0.524 0.012 1997 0.53 1.225 0.014 1996 0.369 0.129 0.007 1995 0.586 1.606 -0.009 1994 0.397 0.32 -0.023 1993 0.439 0.606 -0.021 1992 0.445 0.646 -0.002 1991 0.548 1.347 0.029 1990 0.529 1.218 0.052 1989 0.48 0.885 0.053 1988 0.422 0.49 0.028 1987 0.434 0.572 -0.014 1986 0.285 -0.442 -0.053 1985 0.406 0.381 -0.071 1984 0.185 -1.123 -0.061 1983 0.39 0.272 -0.03 1982 0.533 1.245 0.007 1981 0.435 0.578 0.035 1980 0.445 0.646 0.045 1979 0.476 0.857 0.037 1978 0.702 2.395 0.018 1977 0.297 -0.361 -0.002 1976 0.527 1.204 -0.014 1975 0.413 0.429 -0.011 1974 0.609 1.762 0.004 1973 0.285 -0.442 0.022 1972 0.372 0.15 0.028 1971 0.499 1.014 0.016 1970 0.408 0.395 -0.01 1969 0.182 -1.143 -0.032 1968 0.131 -1.49 -0.034 1967 0.291 -0.401 -0.015 1966 0.316 -0.231 0.01 1965 0.267 -0.565 0.02 1964 0.269 -0.551 0.009 1963 0.153 -1.34 -0.014 1962 0.142 -1.415 -0.028 1961 0.355 0.034 -0.022 1960 0.243 -0.728 0.001 1959 0.221 -0.878 0.022 1958 0.331 -0.129 0.026 1957 0.468 0.803 0.011 1956 0.212 -0.939 -0.012 1955 0.226 -0.844 -0.025 1954 0.375 0.17 -0.021 1953 0.334 -0.109 -0.001 1952 0.523 1.177 0.024 1951 0.204 -0.993 0.039 1950 0.35 0 0.036 1949 0.449 0.674 0.016 1948 0.301 -0.333 -0.009 1947 0.19 -1.089 -0.022 1946 0.225 -0.85 -0.015 1945 0.214 -0.925 0.007 1944 0.175 -1.191 0.022 1943 0.383 0.225 0.011 1942 0.195 -1.055 -0.028 1941 0.116 -1.592 -0.072 1940 0.153 -1.34 -0.088 1939 0.171 -1.218 -0.057 1938 0.593 1.654 0.009 1937 0.374 0.163 0.074 1936 0.511 1.096 0.101 1935 0.656 2.082 0.077 1934 0.599 1.694 0.02 1933 0.266 -0.571 -0.032 1932 0.525 1.191 -0.046 1931 0.466 0.789 -0.021 1930 0.447 0.66 0.017 1929 0.518 1.143 0.034 1928 0.493 0.973 0.012 1927 0.516 1.13 -0.033 1926 0.181 -1.15 -0.064 1925 0.335 -0.102 -0.053 1924 0.638 1.96 -0.004 1923 0.297 -0.361 0.052 1922 0.57 1.497 0.075 1921 0.779 2.919 0.052 1920 0.183 -1.136 0 1919 0.298 -0.354 -0.047 1918 0.468 0.803 -0.062 1917 0.469 0.81 -0.041 1916 0.365 0.102 -0.003 1915 0.377 0.184 0.03 1914 0.599 1.694 0.047 1913 0.355 0.034 0.045 1912 0.385 0.238 0.027 1911 0.435 0.578 0.002 1910 0.371 0.143 -0.025 1909 0.307 -0.293 -0.044 1908 0.283 -0.456 -0.05 1907 0.235 -0.782 -0.041 1906 0.555 1.395 -0.019 1905 0.377 0.184 0.01 1904 0.37 0.136 0.042 1903 0.457 0.728 0.065 1902 0.55 1.361 0.064 1901 0.479 0.878 0.028 1900 0.436 0.585 -0.035 1899 0.363 0.089 -0.093 1898 0.335 -0.102 -0.105 1897 0.384 0.231 -0.055 1896 0.42 0.476 0.035 1895 0.581 1.572 0.113 1894 0.886 3.647 0.131 1893 0.392 0.286 0.081 1892 0.382 0.218 -0.002 1891 0.226 -0.844 -0.071 1890 0.219 -0.891 -0.096 1889 0.448 0.667 -0.08 1888 0.297 -0.361 -0.045 1887 0.34 -0.068 -0.007 1886 0.163 -1.272 0.027 1885 0.487 0.932 0.057 1884 0.384 0.231 0.071 1883 0.454 0.708 0.058 1882 0.308 -0.286 0.018 1881 0.226 -0.844 -0.03 1880 0.225 -0.85 -0.06 1879 0.116 -1.592 -0.055 1878 0.232 -0.803 -0.025 1877 0.362 0.082 0.008 1876 0.239 -0.755 0.023 1875 0.211 -0.946 0.019 1874 0.269 -0.551 0.008 1873 0.157 -1.313 0.003 1872 0.285 -0.442 0.007 1871 0.371 0.143 0.015 1870 0.138 -1.442 0.017 1869 0.145 -1.395 0.007 1868 0.299 -0.347 -0.014 1867 0.197 -1.041 -0.037 1866 0.207 -0.973 -0.05 1865 0.107 -1.653 -0.043 1864 0.318 -0.218 -0.012 1863 0.199 -1.027 0.029 1862 0.473 0.837 0.062 1861 0.315 -0.238 0.066 1860 0.371 0.143 0.041 1859 0.206 -0.98 0.001 1858 0.211 -0.946 -0.032 1857 0.273 -0.524 -0.042 1856 0.124 -1.538 -0.028 1855 0.251 -0.674 -0.003 1854 0.2 -1.021 0.014 1853 0.274 -0.517 0.008 1852 0.217 -0.905 -0.017 1851 0.147 -1.381 -0.044 1850 0.282 -0.463 -0.049 1849 0.297 -0.361 -0.018 1848 0.216 -0.912 0.038 1847 0.412 0.422 0.089 1846 0.512 1.102 0.1 1845 0.344 -0.041 0.057 1844 0.364 0.095 -0.022 1843 0.114 -1.606 -0.095 1842 0.11 -1.633 -0.122 1841 0.195 -1.055 -0.089 1840 0.533 1.245 -0.014 1839 0.353 0.02 0.061 1838 0.285 -0.442 0.101 1837 0.495 0.987 0.093 1836 0.579 1.558 0.049 1835 0.276 -0.503 -0.003 1834 0.124 -1.538 -0.038 1833 0.202 -1.007 -0.048 1832 0.438 0.599 -0.039 1831 0.184 -1.129 -0.027 1830 0.305 -0.306 -0.019 1829 0.091 -1.762 -0.012 Stalagmite ASM2 (upper) Year AD ASM2u(mm) ASM2u(STD) ASM2 upper (6.7 to 3.3 filter) 2001 0.496 -1.647 0.032 2000 0.353 -1.213 0.026 1999 0.195 -0.345 0.013 1998 0.244 -1.142 0.003 1997 0.342 -1.859 -0.003 1996 0.252 -1.957 -0.008 1995 0.171 -1.904 -0.016 1994 0.16 -1.337 -0.027 1993 0.166 -1.842 -0.031 1992 0.23 -1.656 -0.02 1991 0.173 -0.708 0.005 1990 0.194 -1.001 0.029 1989 0.301 -0.567 0.033 1988 0.268 -1.921 0.008 1987 0.317 -1.319 -0.027 1986 0.164 -1.337 -0.043 1985 0.232 0.301 -0.023 1984 0.23 2.267 0.023 1983 0.415 -0.939 0.055 1982 0.637 -1.346 0.042 1981 0.275 -1.062 -0.011 1980 0.229 -0.717 -0.065 1979 0.261 1.523 -0.072 1978 0.3 1.532 -0.02 1977 0.553 1.275 0.057 1976 0.554 -1.532 0.105 1975 0.525 -1.054 0.091 1974 0.208 -1.532 0.028 1973 0.262 -0.885 -0.043 1972 0.208 -1.815 -0.081 1971 0.281 -1.452 -0.076 1970 0.176 0.221 -0.043 1969 0.217 -0.974 -0.007 1968 0.406 -1.638 0.016 1967 0.271 0.505 0.027 1966 0.196 -0.593 0.029 1965 0.438 0.089 0.024 1964 0.314 -0.823 0.011 1963 0.391 -1.328 -0.004 1962 0.288 -0.62 -0.013 1961 0.231 0.367 -0.009 1960 0.311 -0.102 0.004 1959 0.423 -0.761 0.013 1958 0.37 -1.248 0.008 1957 0.295 -1.054 -0.01 1956 0.24 -0.204 -0.024 1955 0.262 -0.044 -0.022 1954 0.358 0 -0.003 1953 0.376 -3.373 0.019 1952 0.381 -0.693 0.029 Stalagmite ASM2 (lower) Year AD ASM2l(mm) ASM2l(STD) ASM2 lower (6.7 to 3.3 filter) 1935 0.497 1.631 0.05 1934 0.493 1.601 0.041 1933 0.413 1.006 0.004 1932 0.303 0.189 -0.036 1931 0.31 0.241 -0.047 1930 0.344 0.494 -0.023 1929 0.462 1.37 0.022 1928 0.621 2.552 0.056 1927 0.314 0.271 0.062 1926 0.232 -0.339 0.041 1925 0.466 1.4 0.006 1924 0.227 -0.376 -0.027 1923 0.164 -0.844 -0.049 1922 0.226 -0.383 -0.058 1921 0.214 -0.473 -0.052 1920 0.182 -0.71 -0.033 1919 0.173 -0.777 -0.008 1918 0.449 1.274 0.016 1917 0.288 0.077 0.03 1916 0.473 1.452 0.038 1915 0.234 -0.324 0.043 1914 0.386 0.806 0.047 1913 0.44 1.207 0.039 1912 0.335 0.427 0.009 1911 0.317 0.293 -0.039 1910 0.252 -0.19 -0.081 1909 0.131 -1.089 -0.087 1908 0.317 0.293 -0.044 1907 0.295 0.129 0.025 1906 0.444 1.237 0.081 1905 0.586 2.292 0.087 1904 0.419 1.051 0.042 1903 0.219 -0.435 -0.023 1902 0.225 -0.391 -0.064 1901 0.473 1.452 -0.06 1900 0.343 0.486 -0.02 1899 0.298 0.152 0.025 1898 0.573 2.195 0.045 1897 0.392 0.85 0.032 1896 0.374 0.716 -0.001 1895 0.343 0.486 -0.028 1894 0.384 0.791 -0.032 1893 0.425 1.096 -0.011 1892 0.339 0.456 0.02 1891 0.493 1.601 0.04 1890 0.372 0.702 0.036 1889 0.457 1.333 0.007 1888 0.293 0.115 -0.03 1887 0.204 -0.547 -0.052 1886 0.503 1.675 -0.046 1885 0.211 -0.495 -0.012 1884 0.252 -0.19 0.029 1883 0.63 2.619 0.055 1882 0.288 0.077 0.055 1881 0.363 0.635 0.031 1880 0.182 -0.71 -0.004 1879 0.242 -0.265 -0.035 1878 0.273 -0.034 -0.053 1877 0.256 -0.16 -0.052 1876 0.156 -0.904 -0.03 1875 0.211 -0.495 0.005 1874 0.212 -0.487 0.034 1873 0.459 1.348 0.042 1872 0.375 0.724 0.026 1871 0.207 -0.525 -0.001 1870 0.108 -1.26 -0.016 1869 0.27 -0.056 -0.01 1868 0.363 0.635 0.009 1867 0.3 0.167 0.021 1866 0.165 -0.837 0.015 1865 0.299 0.159 -0.007 1864 0.091 -1.387 -0.027 1863 0.171 -0.792 -0.035 1862 0.273 -0.034 -0.03 1861 0.266 -0.086 -0.016 1860 0.248 -0.22 0.002 1859 0.15 -0.948 0.024 1858 0.357 0.59 0.042 1857 0.252 -0.19 0.048 1856 0.419 1.051 0.033 1855 0.192 -0.636 0.001 1854 0.111 -1.238 -0.031 1853 0.106 -1.275 -0.044 1852 0.213 -0.48 -0.032 1851 0.169 -0.807 -0.007 1850 0.172 -0.785 0.014 1849 0.182 -0.71 0.02 1848 0.146 -0.978 0.014 1847 0.15 -0.948 0.004 1846 0.114 -1.216 -0.004 1845 0.164 -0.844 -0.011 1844 0.151 -0.941 -0.019 1843 0.179 -0.733 -0.023 1842 0.106 -1.275 -0.016 1841 0.114 -1.216 0.004 1840 0.185 -0.688 0.03 1839 0.32 0.315 0.046 1838 0.176 -0.755 0.039 1837 0.128 -1.112 0.012 1836 0.102 -1.305 -0.021 1835 0.07 -1.543 -0.041 1834 0.095 -1.357 -0.039 1833 0.106 -1.275 -0.017 1832 0.065 -1.58 0.009 1831 0.15 -0.948 0.025 1830 0.172 -0.785 0.024 1829 0.099 -1.327 0.006 1828 0.097 -1.342 -0.016 1827 0.124 -1.141 -0.031 1826 0.135 -1.06 -0.03 1825 0.176 -0.755 -0.011 1824 0.135 -1.06 0.015 1823 0.245 -0.242 0.036 1822 0.299 0.159 0.041 1821 0.225 -0.391 0.027 1820 0.138 -1.037 0.003 1819 0.159 -0.881 -0.019 1818 0.222 -0.413 -0.029 1817 0.128 -1.112 -0.024 1816 0.132 -1.082 -0.009 1815 0.232 -0.339 0.007 1814 0.146 -0.978 0.016 1813 0.237 -0.302 0.013 1812 0.204 -0.547 -0.002 1811 0.157 -0.896 -0.023 1810 0.182 -0.71 -0.038 1809 0.324 0.345 -0.033 1808 0.164 -0.844 -0.003 1807 0.296 0.137 0.042 1806 0.342 0.479 0.08 1805 0.472 1.445 0.082 1804 0.257 -0.153 0.036 1803 0.275 -0.019 -0.039 1802 0.228 -0.369 -0.107 1801 0.164 -0.844 -0.128 1800 0.156 -0.904 -0.089 1799 0.517 1.779 -0.01 1798 0.422 1.073 0.067 1797 0.765 3.622 0.106 1796 0.462 1.37 0.1 1795 0.533 1.898 0.066 1794 0.428 1.118 0.026 1793 0.547 2.002 -0.009 1792 0.332 0.404 -0.039 1791 0.303 0.189 -0.062 1790 0.453 1.304 -0.068 1789 0.138 -1.037 -0.048 1788 0.141 -1.015 -0.006 1787 0.528 1.861 0.037 1786 0.451 1.289 0.055 1785 0.317 0.293 0.039 1784 0.237 -0.302 0.005 1783 0.181 -0.718 -0.022 1782 0.346 0.508 -0.028 1781 0.287 0.07 -0.016 1780 0.223 -0.406 -0.004 1779 0.37 0.687 0.002 1778 0.266 -0.086 0.003 1777 0.157 -0.896 0.009 1776 0.327 0.367 0.017 1775 0.332 0.404 0.014 1774 0.35 0.538 -0.007 1773 0.31 0.241 -0.035 1772 0.182 -0.71 -0.047 1771 0.142 -1.008 -0.028 1770 0.495 1.616 0.015 1769 0.371 0.694 0.055 1768 0.491 1.586 0.066 1767 0.23 -0.354 0.045 1766 0.336 0.434 0.009 1765 0.218 -0.443 -0.02 1764 0.114 -1.216 -0.032 1763 0.382 0.776 -0.033 1762 0.15 -0.948 -0.03 1761 0.15 -0.948 -0.027 1760 0.118 -1.186 -0.019 Stalagmite ASM3 Year AD ASM3(mm) ASM3 STD ASM3 (6.7 to 3.3 filter) 2001 0.341 -0.168 0.01 2000 0.362 -0.044 -0.032 1999 0.233 -0.786 -0.064 1998 0.159 -1.206 -0.061 1997 0.247 -0.703 -0.016 1996 0.32 -0.286 0.044 1995 0.522 0.87 0.082 1994 0.37 0.002 0.07 1993 0.253 -0.673 0.01 1992 0.267 -0.59 -0.065 1991 0.18 -1.087 -0.11 1990 0.33 -0.227 -0.098 1989 0.348 -0.126 -0.034 1988 0.457 0.499 0.05 1987 0.428 0.33 0.11 1986 0.769 2.286 0.114 1985 0.399 0.166 0.064 1984 0.466 0.55 -0.009 1983 0.37 0 -0.06 1982 0.199 -0.981 -0.064 1981 0.297 -0.416 -0.028 1980 0.486 0.665 0.011 1979 0.488 0.673 0.02 1978 0.247 -0.703 -0.008 1977 0.269 -0.577 -0.048 1976 0.355 -0.085 -0.064 1975 0.391 0.123 -0.038 1974 0.246 -0.707 0.02 1973 0.957 3.361 0.078 1972 0.262 -0.619 0.106 1971 0.431 0.347 0.087 1970 0.567 1.126 0.028 1969 0.451 0.462 -0.044 1968 0.19 -1.032 -0.094 1967 0.21 -0.914 -0.098 1966 0.305 -0.371 -0.056 1965 0.321 -0.28 0.004 1964 0.595 1.287 0.045 1963 0.342 -0.161 0.045 1962 0.573 1.161 0.016 1961 0.327 -0.247 -0.01 1960 0.246 -0.708 -0.009 1959 0.537 0.957 0.015 1958 0.675 1.745 0.04 1957 0.291 -0.453 0.043 1956 0.524 0.88 0.026 1955 0.211 -0.91 0.002 1954 0.275 -0.542 -0.02 1953 0.37 -0.002 -0.042 1952 0.355 -0.086 -0.068 1951 0.334 -0.209 -0.086 1950 0.247 -0.706 -0.071 1949 0.24 -0.742 -0.011 1948 0.297 -0.416 0.07 1947 1.088 4.11 0.127 1946 0.464 0.54 0.122 1945 0.37 0 0.059 1944 0.305 -0.371 -0.02 1943 0.356 -0.08 -0.071 1942 0.212 -0.907 -0.071 1941 0.355 -0.085 -0.037 1940 0.283 -0.5 0.003 1939 0.196 -0.994 0.023 1938 0.261 -0.624 0.019 1937 0.269 -0.58 -0.005 1936 0.197 -0.993 -0.035 1935 0.275 -0.541 -0.055 1934 0.356 -0.083 -0.052 1933 0.16 -1.205 -0.019 1932 0.377 0.043 0.031 1931 0.54 0.971 0.074 1930 0.638 1.535 0.083 1929 0.341 -0.166 0.052 1928 0.371 0.004 0.002 1927 0.442 0.414 -0.033 1926 0.164 -1.181 -0.033 1925 0.37 -0.002 -0.005 1924 0.377 0.043 0.02 1923 0.313 -0.329 0.017 1922 0.233 -0.784 -0.017 1921 0.204 -0.951 -0.058 1920 0.334 -0.208 -0.074 1919 0.131 -1.369 -0.054 1918 0.406 0.207 -0.011 1917 0.393 0.132 0.026 1916 0.87 2.865 0.041 1915 0.365 -0.028 0.041 1914 0.348 -0.126 0.042 1913 0.661 1.666 0.052 1912 0.76 2.231 0.054 1911 0.398 0.158 0.027 1910 0.588 1.249 -0.027 1909 0.469 0.569 -0.08 1908 0.167 -1.162 -0.092 1907 0.229 -0.807 -0.049 1906 0.793 2.422 0.021 1905 0.399 0.167 0.072 1904 0.449 0.454 0.072 1903 0.493 0.705 0.028 1902 0.341 -0.168 -0.022 1901 0.196 -0.996 -0.042 1900 0.283 -0.5 -0.027 1899 0.442 0.415 0 1898 0.386 0.093 0.017 1897 0.258 -0.64 0.016 1896 0.169 -1.149 0.007 1895 0.184 -1.067 0.002 1894 0.346 -0.138 0 1893 0.339 -0.179 -0.005 1892 0.183 -1.073 -0.02 1891 0.226 -0.824 -0.039 1890 0.225 -0.83 -0.051 1889 0.204 -0.951 -0.046 1888 0.661 1.665 -0.022 1887 0.379 0.049 0.015 1886 0.454 0.479 0.056 1885 0.266 -0.593 0.086 1884 1.038 3.822 0.09 1883 0.396 0.148 0.06 1882 0.371 0.003 0.006 1881 0.345 -0.141 -0.045 1880 0.283 -0.499 -0.069 1879 0.27 -0.574 -0.059 1878 0.249 -0.692 -0.029 1877 0.381 0.063 -0.003 1876 0.276 -0.537 0.005 1875 0.275 -0.541 0 1874 0.234 -0.778 -0.005 Stalagmite ASM4 (upper) Year AD ASM4u(mm) ASM4uSTD ASM4 upper (6.7 to 3.3 filter) 2001 0.696 2.118 0.061 2000 0.464 0.538 0.041 1999 0.478 0.638 -0.008 1998 0.261 -0.844 -0.039 1997 0.333 -0.35 -0.021 1996 0.428 0.294 0.028 1995 0.769 2.616 0.055 1994 0.37 -0.101 0.04 1993 0.261 -0.841 0.006 1992 0.362 -0.153 -0.014 1991 0.42 0.243 -0.018 1990 0.297 -0.596 -0.023 1989 0.298 -0.594 -0.032 1988 0.131 -1.73 -0.035 1987 0.363 -0.148 -0.028 1986 0.384 -0.003 -0.025 1985 0.218 -1.134 -0.033 1984 0.341 -0.301 -0.039 1983 0.305 -0.544 -0.018 1982 0.493 0.737 0.033 1981 0.488 0.703 0.085 1980 0.631 1.68 0.1 1979 0.645 1.774 0.062 1978 0.247 -0.94 -0.004 1977 0.254 -0.892 -0.053 1976 0.261 -0.842 -0.064 1975 0.385 -0.001 -0.047 1974 0.24 -0.989 -0.025 1973 0.372 -0.089 -0.01 1972 0.297 -0.595 0.001 1971 0.436 0.347 0.01 Stalagmite ASM4 (lower) Year AD ASM4l(mm) ASM4lSTD ASM4 lower (6.7 to 3.3 filter) 1928 0.507 0.964 0.033 1927 0.392 0.301 0.011 1926 0.276 -0.373 -0.021 1925 0.239 -0.583 -0.029 1924 0.349 0.051 0 1923 0.269 -0.414 0.039 1922 0.646 1.763 0.042 1921 0.225 -0.666 -0.008 1920 0.097 -1.406 -0.076 1919 0.196 -0.833 -0.106 1918 0.189 -0.875 -0.069 1917 0.291 -0.287 0.014 1916 0.638 1.72 0.089 1915 0.548 1.198 0.115 1914 0.408 0.393 0.079 1913 0.442 0.587 0.005 1912 0.255 -0.494 -0.064 1911 0.134 -1.192 -0.09 1910 0.163 -1.025 -0.069 1909 0.486 0.84 -0.024 1908 0.45 0.631 0.013 1907 0.328 -0.072 0.037 1906 0.58 1.383 0.062 1905 0.479 0.803 0.088 1904 0.667 1.886 0.096 1903 0.5 0.923 0.066 1902 0.442 0.587 0.009 1901 0.138 -1.167 -0.042 1900 0.225 -0.666 -0.065 1899 0.312 -0.163 -0.07 1898 0.189 -0.875 -0.069 1897 0.21 -0.751 -0.056 1896 0.261 -0.458 -0.01 1895 0.356 0.088 0.06 1894 0.529 1.091 0.107 1893 0.753 2.384 0.089 1892 0.14 -1.159 0.016 1891 0.109 -1.334 -0.055 1890 0.233 -0.618 -0.082 1889 0.138 -1.167 -0.072 1888 0.349 0.048 -0.053 1887 0.138 -1.169 -0.031 1886 0.116 -1.293 -0.002 1885 0.587 1.424 0.027 1884 0.362 0.127 0.038 1883 0.314 -0.151 0.025