# Botuverá Cave, Brazil High-resolution Trace Metal and Stable Isotope Speleothem Data covering the last 10,000 Years #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/21060 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-cave-21060.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Speleothems # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/mrjz-sa96 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/brazil/bernal2016/bernal2016-isot-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Stalagmite BTV21a Stable Isotope Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-12-21 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-03-20 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Botuverá Cave, Brazil High-resolution Trace Metal and Stable Isotope Speleothem Data covering the last 10,000 Years #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Bernal, J.P.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-572X); Cruz, F.W.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-4581); Stríkis, N.M.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4721-3380); Wang, X.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-5627); Deininger, M.; Catunda, M.C.A.; Ortega-Obregón, C.; Cheng, H.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-9458); Edwards, R.L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5881); Auler, A.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-3381) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: d18O and d13C measurement precision: 0.1 per mil. Mg/Ca measurement precision ~5%, Sr/Ca measurement precision ~7%, Ba/Ca measurement precision ~10%. UPDATE 3/2025: sample depths from the SISAL Global Speleothem Isotope Database v2 (https://doi.org/10.25921/s4ze-ve52) were added to data table. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Bernal, J.P., Francisco W. Cruz, Nicolás, M. Stríkis, Xianfeng Wang, Michael Deininger, Maria Carolina A. Catunda, C. Ortega-Obregón, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Augusto S. Auler # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Published_Title: High-resolution Holocene South American monsoon history recorded by a speleothem from Botuverá Cave, Brazil # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 450 # Pages: 186–196 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.008 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A Holocene stalagmite from Botuverá Cave, southeastern Brazil was analyzed by LA-ICPMS for Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca. The observed variability in the record was demonstrated to be modulated by prior calcite precipitation, and, thus, is interpreted to reflect monsoon intensity. We find that the calcite d18O is strongly correlated with Sr/Ca, indicating that atmospheric circulation over South America and monsoon intensity have been tightly correlated throughout most of the Holocene, both directly responding to solar precession. Comparison with other contemporaneous high-resolution hydroclimate records reveals that SAMS has shown a degree of complexity during the Holocene not previously detected, with periods where the South American Convergence Zone (SACZ) expanded to cover most of the South American sub-continent, and coincident with periods of low-SST in the north Atlantic. We also detect periods where rainfall amount in northeastern and southeastern Brazil are markedly anti-phased, suggesting a north-south migration of SACZ, which it appears to be mediated by solar irradiance. The high-resolution nature of our record allow us to examine the effect that Holocene climate anomalies had upon SAMS dynamics and hydroclimate in southeastern Brazil, in particular the 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age. In addition to confirm the internal structure of the events, we also detect the possible consequences of the climatic anomalies upon ocean-atmosphere interactions through its effects upon SAMS. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) # Grant: 590172/2011-5 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) # Grant: 78828 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1103403 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México # Grant: IN105713 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Singapore National Research Foundation Fellowship # Grant: 2011-08 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NASA and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) # Grant: 2012/50260-6, 2013/5029-7 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Botuverá Cave # Location: Brazil # Northernmost_Latitude: -27.22 # Southernmost_Latitude: -27.22 # Easternmost_Longitude: -49.16 # Westernmost_Longitude: -49.16 # Elevation_m: 230 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: BTV21a Isotopes Bernal16 # First_Year: 9211 # Last_Year: 196 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes # Notes: #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: Uranium-Thorium # Chronology_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/noaa-wds-paleo-uth-terms.csv # Chronology_Download_Description: Uranium-Thorium terms and definitions. # Chronology_Notes: # Rejection_Rationale: # 238U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 234U_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # 230Th_Decay_Constant: Cheng et al., 2000 # Initial_230Th/232Th: 4.4 x 10-6 2.2 x 10-6. # Initial_230Th/232Th_Method: Values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the crustal 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. # Age_Model_Method: # Missing_Values: na # Chronology_Table: # samp_id depth_top_mm 238U_ppb 238U_2s_ppb 232Th_ppt 232Th_2s_ppt d234U_meas_permil d234U_meas_2s_permil 230Th_238U_act 230Th_238U_act_2s age_uncorr_BP1950 age_uncorr_2s_yr age_corr_BP1950 age_corr_2s_yr d234U_init_permil d234U_init_2s_permil # BTV021A-3mm 3 60.3 0.2 209 3 2669 13 0.0113 0.0011 337 31 310 34 2671 13 # BTV21a-4.5mm 4.5 55.6 0.1 292 6 2664 3 0.0229 0.0002 684 5 576 30 2669 4 # BTV021A-21mm 21 89.8 0.3 54 2 2802 11 0.0465 0.0010 1341 30 1336 30 2812 11 # BTV021A-40mm 40 82.4 0.3 49 2 2809 10 0.0654 0.0013 1888 37 1884 37 2824 10 # BTV021A-60mm 60 85.7 0.3 44 2 2798 10 0.0884 0.0015 2564 43 2560 44 2818 10 # BTV021A-90mm 90 84.6 0.3 28 3 2838 10 0.1266 0.0017 3648 52 3645 52 2868 10 # BTV021A-115mm 115 82.5 0.3 58 3 2861 11 0.1555 0.0023 4469 68 4463 68 2897 11 # BTV021A-130mm 130 102.4 0.3 38 2 2897 9 0.1733 0.0018 4943 53 4940 53 2937 9 # BTV021A-154mm 154 97.4 0.3 43 2 2941 11 0.2042 0.0021 5774 62 5771 62 2989 11 # BTV021A-181mm 181 95.5 0.3 44 2 2998 11 0.2464 0.0026 6893 76 6890 77 3057 11 # BTV021A-200mm 200 78.0 0.2 51 3 3074 11 0.2903 0.0027 8001 79 7996 79 3144 11 # BTV021A-220mm 220 108.6 0.4 67 3 3092 11 0.3164 0.0027 8703 81 8698 81 3169 12 # BTV021A-229mm 229 117.5 0.4 37 3 3125 11 0.3338 0.0022 9121 67 9118 67 3207 11 #-------------------- # Variables # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## depth_mm depth,,,millimeter,,speleothems,,,N, ## age_calBP age,,,calendar year before present,,speleothems,,,N, ## d18O delta 18O,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13C delta 13C,calcite,,per mil VPDB,,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Value: NA depth_mm age_calBP d18O d13C 1 196 -6.99 -3.73 2 253 -7.69 -3.88 3 310 -5.82 -3.65 4 367 -6.7 -3.72 5 424 -7.47 -3.91 6 481 -7.88 -4.15 7 538 -8.02 -3.81 8 595 -8.18 -3.61 9 652 -7.9 -3.51 10 709 -7.67 -3.81 11 766 -5.54 -3.54 12 823 -7.19 -3.63 13 880 -7.95 -3.39 14 937 -8.08 -3.8 15 994 -8.7 -3.87 16 1051 -8.2 -3.75 17 1108 -8.59 -4.23 18 1165 -8.48 -3.6 19 1222 -8.7 -4.08 20 1279 -8.77 -3.84 21 1336 -8.43 -3.57 22 1365 -8.42 -3.72 23 1394 -8.69 -3.9 24 1423 -8.33 -3.52 25 1451 -8.29 -3.82 26 1480 -8.41 -4.21 27 1509 -8.26 -3.82 28 1538 -8.54 -3.64 29 1567 -8.11 -3.84 30 1596 -9.26 -3.64 31 1624 -8.92 -3.58 32 1653 -8.94 -3.61 33 1682 -8.77 -3.84 34 1711 -8.82 -3.86 35 1740 -9.14 -4.15 36 1769 -9 -4.27 37 1797 -9.35 -3.81 38 1826 -9.04 -4.16 39 1855 -8.84 -3.68 40 1884 -9.17 -3.99 41 1918 -8.45 -3.64 42 1952 -7.76 -3.99 43 1985 -8.26 -3.87 44 2019 -8.51 -3.64 45 2053 -8.96 -3.83 46 2087 -8.76 -4.23 47 2121 -8.99 -4.3 48 2154 -8.53 -3.83 49 2188 -8.11 -3.84 50 2222 -8.23 -3.59 51 2256 -7.86 -3.74 52 2290 -7.79 -3.74 53 2323 -8.3 -3.92 54 2357 -8.13 -3.94 55 2391 -8.52 -3.91 56 2425 -8.4 -3.72 57 2459 -8.4 -4.06 58 2492 -8.09 -3.57 59 2526 -8.19 -3.49 60 2560 -8.29 -4.07 61 2596 -8.06 -3.92 62 2632 -7.75 -3.86 63 2669 -8.08 -3.63 64 2705 -8.14 -3.5 65 2741 -8.24 -3.73 66 2777 -8.22 -3.75 67 2813 -7.89 -3.75 68 2849 -7.79 -3.53 69 2886 -7.48 -3.59 70 2922 -8.2 -3.56 71 2958 -7.97 -3.67 72 2994 -8.06 -3.59 73 3030 -8.17 -3.69 74 3066 -8.35 -3.59 75 3103 -8.39 -3.54 76 3139 -8.75 -3.75 77 3175 -8.63 -3.7 78 3211 -8.72 -3.92 79 3247 -9.03 -3.57 80 3283 -8.81 -3.82 81 3320 -8.61 -4.11 82 3356 -8.24 -3.64 83 3392 -8.32 -3.45 84 3428 -8.46 -3.35 85 3464 -8.74 -3.6 86 3500 -8.58 -3.47 87 3537 -8.49 -3.39 88 3573 -8.29 -3.74 89 3609 -8.21 -3.65 90 3645 -8.2 -3.79 91 3678 -8.32 -3.73 92 3710 -8.4 -3.87 93 3743 -8.16 -3.23 94 3776 -7.87 -3.81 95 3809 -8.29 -3.33 96 3841 -8.59 -3.45 97 3874 -8.24 -3.25 98 3907 -8.62 -3.53 99 3939 -8.55 -3.44 100 3972 -8.44 -3.16 101 4005 -7.54 -3.62 102 4038 -8 -3.73 103 4070 -8.76 -3.41 104 4103 -8.43 -3.46 105 4136 -8.75 -3.64 106 4169 -8.29 -3.65 107 4201 -7.92 -3.42 108 4234 -7.98 -3.35 109 4267 -8.68 -3.2 110 4299 -8.73 -3.43 111 4332 -8.56 -3.72 112 4365 -8.73 -3.41 113 4398 -8.73 -3.35 114 4430 -8.64 -3.22 115 4463 -8.53 -3.34 116 4495 -8.42 -3.65 117 4527 -8.3 -3.4 118 4558 -8.25 -3.09 119 4590 -8.49 -3.06 120 4622 -7.99 -3.17 121 4654 -8.08 -3.19 122 4686 -7.8 -3.44 123 4717 -8.09 -2.86 124 4749 -8.2 -2.9 125 4781 -8.55 -2.82 126 4813 -7.89 -3.05 127 4845 -8.1 -3.07 128 4876 -7.98 -2.89 129 4908 -8.12 -2.85 130 4940 -8.21 -2.99 131 4975 -8.14 -3.14 132 5009 -8.11 -2.64 133 5044 -8.3 -2.84 134 5079 -8.34 -3.62 135 5113 -8.54 -3.42 136 5148 -8.39 -3.03 137 5182 -8 -3.21 138 5217 -7.42 -2.97 139 5252 -7.81 -2.79 140 5286 -7.31 -2.8 141 5321 -7.54 -3.15 142 5356 -7.94 -2.87 143 5390 -7.84 -2.86 144 5425 -8.7 -3.28 145 5459 -8.71 -2.96 146 5494 -8.31 -2.9 147 5529 -8.65 -3.01 148 5563 -8.64 -3.1 149 5598 -8.5 -3.2 150 5633 -8.54 -3.22 151 5667 -8.12 -3.22 152 5702 -8.09 -2.84 153 5736 -8.36 -2.8 154 5771 -8.5 -3.02 155 5812 -8.33 -2.97 156 5854 -8.38 -2.89 157 5895 -8.48 -2.68 158 5937 -8.76 -3.02 159 5978 -8.57 -2.86 160 6020 -8.49 -3.4 161 6061 -8.6 -3.47 162 6103 -8.26 -3.14 163 6144 -7.87 -2.58 164 6185 -8.48 -2.48 165 6227 -8.4 -2.65 166 6268 -8.05 -2.99 167 6310 -7.92 -2.88 168 6351 -7.93 -2.71 169 6393 -8.61 -2.61 170 6434 -8.33 -2.65 171 6476 -8.46 -2.77 172 6517 -8.48 -3.01 173 6558 -7.58 -2.55 174 6600 -8.43 -2.88 175 6641 -8.66 -3.26 176 6683 -8.51 -2.45 177 6724 -8.31 -2.59 178 6766 -8.08 -2.53 179 6807 -7.68 -2.65 180 6849 -7.48 -3.09 181 6890 -7.4 -2.45 182 6948 -7.78 -2.72 183 7006 -7.34 -2.45 184 7065 -7.53 -2.83 185 7123 -7.4 -2.66 186 7181 -7.99 -2.37 187 7239 -7.99 -2.47 188 7297 -7.87 -2.56 189 7356 -7.78 -2.65 190 7414 -7.16 -2.98 191 7472 -8.21 -2.11 192 7530 -7.44 -2.3 193 7589 -8.2 -2.62 194 7647 -8.97 -2.69 195 7705 -9.07 -3.04 196 7763 -8.16 -2.52 197 7821 -7.89 -2.7 198 7880 -6.68 -3.03 199 7938 -7.81 -2.85 200 7996 -8.32 -2.7 201 8031 -8.27 -2.7 202 8066 -7.75 -3.02 203 8101 -8.45 -3.16 204 8136 -8.12 -2.82 205 8172 -8.36 -2.68 206 8207 -8.64 -2.78 207 8242 -8.45 -2.69 208 8277 -8.38 -2.55 209 8312 -8.21 -2.36 210 8347 -8.17 -2.2 211 8382 -8 -2.07 212 8417 -8.5 -2.37 213 8452 -8.18 -2.24 214 8487 -8.06 -2.5 215 8523 -8.02 -2.49 216 8558 -8.45 -2.39 217 8593 -8.99 -2.54 218 8628 -8.8 -2.49 219 8663 -8.71 -2.53 220 8698 -8.18 -2.42 221 8745 -8.39 -2.48 222 8791 -8.06 -2.5 223 8838 -7.92 -2.24 224 8885 -7.72 -2.52 225 8931 -7.52 -2.62 226 8978 -7.92 -2.39 227 9025 -8.12 -2.54 228 9071 -8.23 -2.64 229 9118 -8.41 -2.53 230 9165 -8.25 -2.92 231 9211 -8.73 -2.53