# Botuverá Cave, Brazil High-resolution Trace Metal and Stable Isotope Speleothem Data covering the last 10,000 Years #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21060 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/southamerica/brazil/bernal2016/bernal2016-isot.txt # # Archive: Speleothems # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals, oxygen isotopes, geochemistry #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-12-21 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Botuverá Cave, Brazil High-resolution Trace Metal and Stable Isotope Speleothem Data covering the last 10,000 Years #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Bernal, J.P.;Cruz, F.W.; Strikis, N. M.; Wang, X.; Deininger, M.; Catunda, M.C.A.; Ortega-Obregón, C.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.L.; Auler, A.S. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: d18O and d13C measurement precision: 0.1 per mil. Mg/Ca measurement precision ~5%, Sr/Ca measurement precision ~7%, Ba/Ca measurement precision ~10%. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Bernal, J.P., Francisco W. Cruz, Nicolás, M. Stríkis, Xianfeng Wang, Michael Deininger, Maria Carolina A. Catunda, C. Ortega-Obregón, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, and Augusto S. Auler # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Published_Title: High-resolution Holocene South American monsoon history recorded by a speleothem from Botuverá Cave, Brazil # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 450 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 186-196 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.06.008 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A Holocene stalagmite from Botuverá Cave, southeastern Brazil was analyzed by LA-ICPMS for Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca. The observed variability in the record was demonstrated to be modulated by prior calcite precipitation, and, thus, is interpreted to reflect monsoon intensity. We find that the calcite d18O is strongly correlated with Sr/Ca, indicating that atmospheric circulation over South America and monsoon intensity have been tightly correlated throughout most of the Holocene, both directly responding to solar precession. Comparison with other contemporaneous high-resolution hydroclimate records reveals that SAMS has shown a degree of complexity during the Holocene not previously detected, with periods where the South American Convergence Zone (SACZ) expanded to cover most of the South American sub-continent, and coincident with periods of low-SST in the north Atlantic. We also detect periods where rainfall amount in northeastern and southeastern Brazil are markedly anti-phased, suggesting a north-south migration of SACZ, which it appears to be mediated by solar irradiance. The high-resolution nature of our record allow us to examine the effect that Holocene climate anomalies had upon SAMS dynamics and hydroclimate in southeastern Brazil, in particular the 8.2 ka event and the Little Ice Age. In addition to confirm the internal structure of the events, we also detect the possible consequences of the climatic anomalies upon ocean-atmosphere interactions through its effects upon SAMS. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México # Grant: IN105713 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) # Grant: 78828 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) # Grant: 2012/50260-6, 2013/5029-7 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil # Grant: 590172/2011-5 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Singapore National Research Foundation Fellowship # Grant: 2011-08 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1103403 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Botuvera Cave # Location: Brazil # Country: Brazil # Northernmost_Latitude: -27.22 # Southernmost_Latitude: -27.22 # Easternmost_Longitude: -49.16 # Westernmost_Longitude: -49.16 # Elevation: 230 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: BTV21a Isotopes Bernal16 # First_Year: 9117 # Last_Year: -54 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # Sample Distance from tip 238U 232Th d234U (230Th/238U) Age (yr B.P.) Age (yr B.P.) d234Uinitial # ID mm ng/g pg/g measureda activityb uncorrected correctedc Corrected # BTV021A-3mm 3 60.3 ± 0.2 209 ± 3 2669 ± 13 0.0113 ± 0.0011 337 ± 31 310 ± 34 2671 ± 13 # BTV21a-4.5mm 4.5 55.6 ±0.1 292 ±6 2664 ±3 0.0229 ± 0.0002 684 ±5 576 ±30 2669 ±4 # BTV021A-21mm 21 89.8 ± 0.3 54 ± 2 2802 ± 11 0.0465 ± 0.0010 1341 ± 30 1336 ± 30 2812 ± 11 # BTV021A-40mm 40 82.4 ± 0.3 49 ± 2 2809 ± 10 0.0654 ± 0.0013 1888 ± 37 1884 ± 37 2824 ± 10 # BTV021A-60mm 60 85.7 ± 0.3 44 ± 2 2798 ± 10 0.0884 ± 0.0015 2564 ± 43 2560 ± 44 2818 ± 10 # BTV021A-90mm 90 84.6 ± 0.3 28 ± 3 2838 ± 10 0.1266 ± 0.0017 3648 ± 52 3645 ± 52 2868 ± 10 # BTV021A-115mm 115 82.5 ± 0.3 58 ± 3 2861 ± 11 0.1555 ± 0.0023 4469 ± 68 4463 ± 68 2897 ± 11 # BTV021A-130mm 130 102.4 ± 0.3 38 ± 2 2897 ± 9 0.1733 ± 0.0018 4943 ± 53 4940 ± 53 2937 ± 9 # BTV021A-154mm 154 97.4 ± 0.3 43 ± 2 2941 ± 11 0.2042 ± 0.0021 5774 ± 62 5771 ± 62 2989 ± 11 # BTV021A-181mm 181 95.5 ± 0.3 44 ± 2 2998 ± 11 0.2464 ± 0.0026 6893 ± 76 6890 ± 77 3057 ± 11 # BTV021A-200mm 200 78 ± 0.2 51 ± 3 3074 ± 11 0.2903 ± 0.0027 8001 ± 79 7996 ± 79 3144 ± 11 # BTV021A-220mm 220 108.6 ± 0.4 67 ± 3 3092 ± 11 0.3164 ± 0.0027 8703 ± 81 8698 ± 81 3169 ± 12 # BTV021A-229mm 229 117.5 ± 0.4 37 ± 3 3125 ± 11 0.3338 ± 0.0022 9121 ± 67 9118 ± 67 3207 ± 11 # # Sample ID is given as a combination of sample name and depth. Sample BTV21a-4.5mm was dated at the Earth Observatory of Singapore # Analytical errors are 2s of the mean. # a d234U = 1000 x[(234U/238U)activity - 1] x e-lt # d234Uinitial corrected was calculated based on 230Th age (T), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured x el234*T, and T is corrected age. # b (230Th/238U) = 1 - e-l230T + (d234Umeasured/1000)[l230/(l230 - l234)](1 - e-(l230 - l234) T), where T is the age. # Decay constants are 9.1577 x 10-6 yr-1 for 230Th, 2.8263 x 10-6 yr-1 for 234U, and 1.55125 x 10-10 yr-1 for 238U (Cheng et al., 2000). # c Age corrections were calculated using an average crustal 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 x 10-6 ± 2.2 x 10-6. # Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the crustal 232Th/238U value of 3.8. The errors are arbitrarily assumed to be 50%. #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## age_calyrBP age,,,cal years before present,,,,,N ## d18O delta O18,calcite,0.1,permil VPDB,,speleothem,,IRMS,N ## d13C delta C13,calcite,0.1,permil VPDB,,speleothem,,IRMS,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NA age d18O d13C 196 -6.99 -3.73 253 -7.69 -3.88 310 -5.82 -3.65 367 -6.7 -3.72 424 -7.47 -3.91 481 -7.88 -4.15 538 -8.02 -3.81 595 -8.18 -3.61 652 -7.9 -3.51 709 -7.67 -3.81 766 -5.54 -3.54 823 -7.19 -3.63 880 -7.95 -3.39 937 -8.08 -3.8 994 -8.7 -3.87 1051 -8.2 -3.75 1108 -8.59 -4.23 1165 -8.48 -3.6 1222 -8.7 -4.08 1279 -8.77 -3.84 1336 -8.43 -3.57 1365 -8.42 -3.72 1394 -8.69 -3.9 1423 -8.33 -3.52 1451 -8.29 -3.82 1480 -8.41 -4.21 1509 -8.26 -3.82 1538 -8.54 -3.64 1567 -8.11 -3.84 1596 -9.26 -3.64 1624 -8.92 -3.58 1653 -8.94 -3.61 1682 -8.77 -3.84 1711 -8.82 -3.86 1740 -9.14 -4.15 1769 -9 -4.27 1797 -9.35 -3.81 1826 -9.04 -4.16 1855 -8.84 -3.68 1884 -9.17 -3.99 1918 -8.45 -3.64 1952 -7.76 -3.99 1985 -8.26 -3.87 2019 -8.51 -3.64 2053 -8.96 -3.83 2087 -8.76 -4.23 2121 -8.99 -4.3 2154 -8.53 -3.83 2188 -8.11 -3.84 2222 -8.23 -3.59 2256 -7.86 -3.74 2290 -7.79 -3.74 2323 -8.3 -3.92 2357 -8.13 -3.94 2391 -8.52 -3.91 2425 -8.4 -3.72 2459 -8.4 -4.06 2492 -8.09 -3.57 2526 -8.19 -3.49 2560 -8.29 -4.07 2596 -8.06 -3.92 2632 -7.75 -3.86 2669 -8.08 -3.63 2705 -8.14 -3.5 2741 -8.24 -3.73 2777 -8.22 -3.75 2813 -7.89 -3.75 2849 -7.79 -3.53 2886 -7.48 -3.59 2922 -8.2 -3.56 2958 -7.97 -3.67 2994 -8.06 -3.59 3030 -8.17 -3.69 3066 -8.35 -3.59 3103 -8.39 -3.54 3139 -8.75 -3.75 3175 -8.63 -3.7 3211 -8.72 -3.92 3247 -9.03 -3.57 3283 -8.81 -3.82 3320 -8.61 -4.11 3356 -8.24 -3.64 3392 -8.32 -3.45 3428 -8.46 -3.35 3464 -8.74 -3.6 3500 -8.58 -3.47 3537 -8.49 -3.39 3573 -8.29 -3.74 3609 -8.21 -3.65 3645 -8.2 -3.79 3678 -8.32 -3.73 3710 -8.4 -3.87 3743 -8.16 -3.23 3776 -7.87 -3.81 3809 -8.29 -3.33 3841 -8.59 -3.45 3874 -8.24 -3.25 3907 -8.62 -3.53 3939 -8.55 -3.44 3972 -8.44 -3.16 4005 -7.54 -3.62 4038 -8 -3.73 4070 -8.76 -3.41 4103 -8.43 -3.46 4136 -8.75 -3.64 4169 -8.29 -3.65 4201 -7.92 -3.42 4234 -7.98 -3.35 4267 -8.68 -3.2 4299 -8.73 -3.43 4332 -8.56 -3.72 4365 -8.73 -3.41 4398 -8.73 -3.35 4430 -8.64 -3.22 4463 -8.53 -3.34 4495 -8.42 -3.65 4527 -8.3 -3.4 4558 -8.25 -3.09 4590 -8.49 -3.06 4622 -7.99 -3.17 4654 -8.08 -3.19 4686 -7.8 -3.44 4717 -8.09 -2.86 4749 -8.2 -2.9 4781 -8.55 -2.82 4813 -7.89 -3.05 4845 -8.1 -3.07 4876 -7.98 -2.89 4908 -8.12 -2.85 4940 -8.21 -2.99 4975 -8.14 -3.14 5009 -8.11 -2.64 5044 -8.3 -2.84 5079 -8.34 -3.62 5113 -8.54 -3.42 5148 -8.39 -3.03 5182 -8 -3.21 5217 -7.42 -2.97 5252 -7.81 -2.79 5286 -7.31 -2.8 5321 -7.54 -3.15 5356 -7.94 -2.87 5390 -7.84 -2.86 5425 -8.7 -3.28 5459 -8.71 -2.96 5494 -8.31 -2.9 5529 -8.65 -3.01 5563 -8.64 -3.1 5598 -8.5 -3.2 5633 -8.54 -3.22 5667 -8.12 -3.22 5702 -8.09 -2.84 5736 -8.36 -2.8 5771 -8.5 -3.02 5812 -8.33 -2.97 5854 -8.38 -2.89 5895 -8.48 -2.68 5937 -8.76 -3.02 5978 -8.57 -2.86 6020 -8.49 -3.4 6061 -8.6 -3.47 6103 -8.26 -3.14 6144 -7.87 -2.58 6185 -8.48 -2.48 6227 -8.4 -2.65 6268 -8.05 -2.99 6310 -7.92 -2.88 6351 -7.93 -2.71 6393 -8.61 -2.61 6434 -8.33 -2.65 6476 -8.46 -2.77 6517 -8.48 -3.01 6558 -7.58 -2.55 6600 -8.43 -2.88 6641 -8.66 -3.26 6683 -8.51 -2.45 6724 -8.31 -2.59 6766 -8.08 -2.53 6807 -7.68 -2.65 6849 -7.48 -3.09 6890 -7.4 -2.45 6948 -7.78 -2.72 7006 -7.34 -2.45 7065 -7.53 -2.83 7123 -7.4 -2.66 7181 -7.99 -2.37 7239 -7.99 -2.47 7297 -7.87 -2.56 7356 -7.78 -2.65 7414 -7.16 -2.98 7472 -8.21 -2.11 7530 -7.44 -2.3 7589 -8.2 -2.62 7647 -8.97 -2.69 7705 -9.07 -3.04 7763 -8.16 -2.52 7821 -7.89 -2.7 7880 -6.68 -3.03 7938 -7.81 -2.85 7996 -8.32 -2.7 8031 -8.27 -2.7 8066 -7.75 -3.02 8101 -8.45 -3.16 8136 -8.12 -2.82 8172 -8.36 -2.68 8207 -8.64 -2.78 8242 -8.45 -2.69 8277 -8.38 -2.55 8312 -8.21 -2.36 8347 -8.17 -2.2 8382 -8 -2.07 8417 -8.5 -2.37 8452 -8.18 -2.24 8487 -8.06 -2.5 8523 -8.02 -2.49 8558 -8.45 -2.39 8593 -8.99 -2.54 8628 -8.8 -2.49 8663 -8.71 -2.53 8698 -8.18 -2.42 8745 -8.39 -2.48 8791 -8.06 -2.5 8838 -7.92 -2.24 8885 -7.72 -2.52 8931 -7.52 -2.62 8978 -7.92 -2.39 9025 -8.12 -2.54 9071 -8.23 -2.64 9118 -8.41 -2.53 9165 -8.25 -2.92 9211 -8.73 -2.53