# Meko - Walnut Canyon - PIPO - ITRDB AZ592 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/22156 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-22156.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/az592-crn-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; az592-crn-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/chronologies/northamerica/usa/az592.crn # Related_Online_Description: CRN File; Chronology - Tucson Decadal File # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-07-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2016-07-07 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Meko - Walnut Canyon - PIPO - ITRDB AZ592 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Meko, D.M.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-2724); Griffin, D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-3615) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: David W. Stahle, Edward R. Cook, Dorian J. Burnette, Jose Villanueva, Julian Cerano, Jordan N. Burns, Daniel Griffin, Benjamin I. Cook, Rodolfo Acuna, Max C.A. Torbenson, Paul Sjezner, Ian M. Howard # Journal_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews # Published_Title: The Mexican Drought Atlas: Tree-ring reconstructions of the soil moisture balance during the late pre-Hispanic, colonial, and modern eras # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 149 # Pages: 34-60 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.06.018 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Mexico has suffered a long history and prehistory of severe sustained drought. Drought over Mexico is modulated by ocean-atmospheric variability in the Atlantic and Pacific, raising the possibility for long-range seasonal climate forecasting, which could help mediate the economic and social impacts of future dry spells. The instrumental record of Mexican climate is very limited before 1920, but tree-ring chronologies developed from old-growth forests in Mexico can provide an excellent proxy representation of the spatial pattern and intensity of past moisture regimes useful for the analysis of climate dynamics and climate impacts. The Mexican Drought Atlas (MXDA) has been developed from an extensive network of 252 climate sensitive tree-ring chronologies in and near Mexico. The MXDA reconstructions extend from 1400 CE-2012 and were calibrated with the instrumental summer (JJA) self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) on a 0.5 latitude/longitude grid extending over land areas from 14 to 34N and 75-120W using Ensemble Point-by-Point Regression (EPPR) for the 1944-1984 period. The grid point reconstructions were validated for the period 1920-1943 against instrumental gridded scPDSI values based on the fewer weather station observations available during that interval. The MXDA provides a new spatial perspective on the historical impacts of moisture extremes over Mexico during the past 600-years, including the Aztec Drought of One Rabbit in 1454, the drought of El Ano de Hambre in 1785-1786, and the drought that preceded the Mexican Revolution of 1909-1910. # The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important ocean-atmospheric forcing of moisture variability detected with the MXDA. In fact, the reconstructions suggest that the strongest central equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) teleconnection to the soil moisture balance over North America may reside in northern Mexico. This ENSO signal has stronger and more time-stable correlations than computed for either the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation or Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The extended Multivariate ENSO Index is most highly correlated with reconstructed scPDSI over northern Mexico, where warm events favor moist conditions during the winter, spring, and early summer. This ENSO teleconnection to northern Mexico has been strong over the past 150 years, but it has been comparatively weak and non-stationary in the MXDA over central and southern Mexico where eastern tropical Pacific and Caribbean/tropical Atlantic SSTs seem to be more important. The ENSO teleconnection to northern Mexico is weaker in the available instrumental PDSI, but analyses based on the millennium climate simulations with the Community Earth System Model suggest that the moisture balance during the winter, spring, and early summer over northern Mexico may indeed be particularly sensitive to ENSO forcing. Nationwide drought is predicted to become more common with anthropogenic climate change, but the MXDA reconstructions indicate that intense "All Mexico" droughts have been rare over the past 600 years and their frequency does not appear to have increased substantially in recent decades. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Walnut Canyon # Location: Arizona # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.17 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.17 # Easternmost_Longitude: -111.52 # Westernmost_Longitude: -111.52 # Elevation_m: 2057 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AZ592 # First_Year: 1528 # Last_Year: 2010 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson # Common_Name: ponderosa pine # Tree_Species_Code: PIPO #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## trsgi tree ring standardized growth index,,,,,tree ring,composited,standard chronology method,N, ## numsamp number of samples,,,count,,tree ring,,,N, #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE trsgi numsamp 1528 0.99 1 1529 0.864 1 1530 1.203 1 1531 1.418 1 1532 0.642 2 1533 0.628 2 1534 0.905 2 1535 0.703 2 1536 1.119 2 1537 0.828 2 1538 0.891 2 1539 0.98 2 1540 1.111 2 1541 1.005 2 1542 0.561 2 1543 0.999 2 1544 1.066 2 1545 0.832 2 1546 0.642 2 1547 0.778 2 1548 1.223 2 1549 1.302 2 1550 1.445 2 1551 1.628 2 1552 1.329 2 1553 1.468 2 1554 1.339 2 1555 1.545 2 1556 1.51 2 1557 1.547 2 1558 1.714 2 1559 1.354 2 1560 1.284 2 1561 1.434 2 1562 1.582 2 1563 1.575 2 1564 1.597 2 1565 1.457 2 1566 1.031 3 1567 1.3 3 1568 1.062 3 1569 0.956 3 1570 0.806 3 1571 0.894 3 1572 0.79 3 1573 0.601 3 1574 0.789 3 1575 0.848 3 1576 0.908 3 1577 0.981 3 1578 0.9 3 1579 0.792 3 1580 0.907 3 1581 0.879 3 1582 0.874 4 1583 0.672 4 1584 0.554 4 1585 0.518 4 1586 0.748 4 1587 0.701 4 1588 0.594 4 1589 0.87 4 1590 0.507 4 1591 0.505 4 1592 0.551 4 1593 0.696 4 1594 0.938 4 1595 1.044 4 1596 1.216 4 1597 0.839 4 1598 0.851 4 1599 1.242 4 1600 0.736 5 1601 0.547 6 1602 0.963 6 1603 1.147 7 1604 1.387 7 1605 1.35 8 1606 1.353 8 1607 1.333 8 1608 1.072 9 1609 1.25 11 1610 1.226 14 1611 1.176 15 1612 0.794 16 1613 0.704 16 1614 0.862 16 1615 0.999 17 1616 1.046 17 1617 1.135 17 1618 1.35 17 1619 1.384 18 1620 1.344 18 1621 1.471 20 1622 1.223 23 1623 0.631 23 1624 0.599 23 1625 1.169 23 1626 0.747 24 1627 1.098 24 1628 0.915 25 1629 1.123 25 1630 1.132 25 1631 1.089 25 1632 0.484 26 1633 0.716 26 1634 0.847 27 1635 1.139 27 1636 1.045 27 1637 0.821 27 1638 0.988 27 1639 1.026 27 1640 1.317 27 1641 1.221 27 1642 1.299 27 1643 1.078 27 1644 1.32 27 1645 1.177 28 1646 0.779 28 1647 1.091 28 1648 0.331 28 1649 0.97 28 1650 1.066 28 1651 1.27 29 1652 0.998 29 1653 0.833 29 1654 0.52 29 1655 0.83 30 1656 1.042 30 1657 0.796 31 1658 0.979 31 1659 1.23 31 1660 1.158 31 1661 1.2 31 1662 1.179 31 1663 1.317 31 1664 1.133 31 1665 1.003 31 1666 0.718 31 1667 0.627 31 1668 0.68 31 1669 0.708 31 1670 0.265 31 1671 0.465 31 1672 0.802 31 1673 0.931 31 1674 1.121 31 1675 0.706 31 1676 0.747 31 1677 1.078 32 1678 1.023 32 1679 1.07 34 1680 1.467 35 1681 1.326 35 1682 1.179 35 1683 1.361 36 1684 0.537 38 1685 0.744 38 1686 0.812 38 1687 1.248 38 1688 1.064 39 1689 1.336 40 1690 1.259 40 1691 1.369 40 1692 1.373 40 1693 1.245 40 1694 1.339 40 1695 1.271 41 1696 0.981 41 1697 1.26 42 1698 1.03 43 1699 1.204 44 1700 0.558 45 1701 1.152 45 1702 1.022 46 1703 0.723 46 1704 0.97 46 1705 1.123 46 1706 0.859 47 1707 0.856 47 1708 0.637 47 1709 0.456 47 1710 1.074 47 1711 0.984 48 1712 1.012 49 1713 0.995 49 1714 0.984 49 1715 0.741 49 1716 0.597 49 1717 0.93 50 1718 1.233 52 1719 1.124 52 1720 1.307 53 1721 1.034 53 1722 0.824 53 1723 0.967 53 1724 0.642 53 1725 1.141 53 1726 1.309 54 1727 0.838 54 1728 0.704 55 1729 0.278 55 1730 0.868 55 1731 0.833 56 1732 1.052 56 1733 0.765 57 1734 0.948 57 1735 0.222 57 1736 0.915 57 1737 0.582 58 1738 1.052 58 1739 0.817 59 1740 0.863 59 1741 1.003 59 1742 0.712 60 1743 1.08 60 1744 1.122 60 1745 1.37 60 1746 1.731 61 1747 1.396 62 1748 0.407 62 1749 1.429 62 1750 1.014 63 1751 1.035 64 1752 0.235 64 1753 0.604 64 1754 0.845 64 1755 0.632 64 1756 0.873 65 1757 1.071 65 1758 1.362 65 1759 1.185 65 1760 1.305 65 1761 1.021 66 1762 1.169 66 1763 0.751 67 1764 1.491 67 1765 0.995 68 1766 1.215 68 1767 1.305 69 1768 1.303 69 1769 1.174 69 1770 1.144 71 1771 1.407 71 1772 1.164 71 1773 0.557 71 1774 0.903 71 1775 1 71 1776 1.201 71 1777 0.968 71 1778 0.471 72 1779 0.774 72 1780 0.247 72 1781 0.8 72 1782 0.383 72 1783 0.812 72 1784 1.224 72 1785 0.388 72 1786 0.656 72 1787 1.186 72 1788 0.771 72 1789 0.773 72 1790 0.866 72 1791 0.998 72 1792 1.315 72 1793 1.708 72 1794 1.173 72 1795 1.271 72 1796 1.12 72 1797 0.883 72 1798 0.737 72 1799 1.115 72 1800 0.497 72 1801 0.635 71 1802 0.986 71 1803 0.652 71 1804 0.998 71 1805 0.919 72 1806 1.095 73 1807 1.063 73 1808 1.225 73 1809 1.195 73 1810 0.939 73 1811 1.276 74 1812 1.149 75 1813 0.467 76 1814 0.823 77 1815 0.971 77 1816 1.197 77 1817 0.893 77 1818 0.549 77 1819 0.869 77 1820 0.53 77 1821 0.881 76 1822 0.195 76 1823 0.653 76 1824 0.877 76 1825 1.013 76 1826 1.223 76 1827 1.08 76 1828 1.551 76 1829 0.837 76 1830 0.995 76 1831 1.28 76 1832 1.256 76 1833 1.316 76 1834 0.987 76 1835 1.207 77 1836 1.284 77 1837 0.928 77 1838 1.129 77 1839 1.349 79 1840 1.136 79 1841 0.821 79 1842 0.718 80 1843 0.791 80 1844 1.287 81 1845 0.471 82 1846 0.799 84 1847 0.167 84 1848 1.119 85 1849 1.227 85 1850 1.198 86 1851 0.668 84 1852 1.298 85 1853 1.207 85 1854 1.151 86 1855 1.138 87 1856 1.119 87 1857 0.664 87 1858 1.1 87 1859 0.871 87 1860 1.031 87 1861 0.688 86 1862 1.217 86 1863 0.588 86 1864 0.637 86 1865 0.966 86 1866 1.286 86 1867 1.199 86 1868 1.773 86 1869 1.242 86 1870 1.22 86 1871 0.748 85 1872 0.916 85 1873 0.675 85 1874 1.069 85 1875 1.021 85 1876 0.811 85 1877 0.822 85 1878 1.089 85 1879 0.692 85 1880 0.855 87 1881 0.767 87 1882 0.816 87 1883 0.825 87 1884 0.862 87 1885 0.878 87 1886 0.796 87 1887 0.811 87 1888 0.906 87 1889 0.928 87 1890 1.209 87 1891 1.147 86 1892 1.067 86 1893 0.997 86 1894 0.909 86 1895 1.013 86 1896 0.69 86 1897 0.869 86 1898 0.85 86 1899 0.554 86 1900 0.185 86 1901 0.6 85 1902 0.274 85 1903 0.748 85 1904 0.139 85 1905 0.817 85 1906 1.04 85 1907 1.235 86 1908 1.299 86 1909 1.409 86 1910 1.211 86 1911 1.511 86 1912 1.498 86 1913 1.151 86 1914 1.463 86 1915 1.752 86 1916 1.83 86 1917 1.72 86 1918 1.406 86 1919 1.541 86 1920 1.343 86 1921 1.323 87 1922 1.379 87 1923 1.349 87 1924 1.353 87 1925 1.387 87 1926 1.296 87 1927 1.217 87 1928 1.097 87 1929 1.416 87 1930 1.24 87 1931 1.064 87 1932 1.339 87 1933 1.493 87 1934 1.01 87 1935 1.173 87 1936 0.955 87 1937 1.09 87 1938 1.104 87 1939 0.818 87 1940 0.883 87 1941 1.237 87 1942 1.155 87 1943 0.964 87 1944 1.051 87 1945 1.069 87 1946 0.983 87 1947 0.703 87 1948 0.818 87 1949 1.298 87 1950 1.049 86 1951 0.672 83 1952 1.231 83 1953 0.948 83 1954 0.951 83 1955 1.013 83 1956 0.411 83 1957 0.847 83 1958 0.827 83 1959 0.954 83 1960 0.976 83 1961 0.793 83 1962 0.99 83 1963 0.544 83 1964 0.964 83 1965 1.168 83 1966 0.946 83 1967 1.403 58 1968 1.191 58 1969 1.327 58 1970 1.474 58 1971 0.693 58 1972 1.144 58 1973 1.04 58 1974 0.552 58 1975 1.31 58 1976 1.318 58 1977 0.573 58 1978 0.874 58 1979 0.99 58 1980 0.993 58 1981 1 58 1982 1.025 58 1983 1.078 58 1984 1.106 58 1985 1.295 58 1986 1.266 58 1987 1.221 58 1988 1.487 40 1989 0.835 40 1990 0.976 40 1991 1.266 40 1992 1.553 40 1993 1.046 40 1994 1.17 40 1995 1.48 40 1996 0.449 40 1997 1.077 40 1998 1.477 40 1999 1.414 40 2000 0.829 40 2001 1.09 39 2002 0 39 2003 0.616 39 2004 0.493 39 2005 0.813 39 2006 0.332 39 2007 0.517 39 2008 1.052 39 2009 0.977 39 2010 1.097 35