# Northeast Alaska 1783-1784 Laki Eruption Quantitative Wood Anatomy Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/32752 # Description: # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/edwards2021/firth2021mxd.txt # Description: # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: density, other #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-02-18 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-02-18 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Northeast Alaska 1783-1784 Laki Eruption Quantitative Wood Anatomy Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Edwards, J.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Zambri, B.; Andru-Hayles, L.; Oelkers, R.; D'Arrigo, R.; von Arx, G. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Quantitative wood anatomy (lumen area, cell annual count and wall thickness) and maximum density data from White Spruce tree-rings collected in two locations in Alaska, USA. # Data extend from 1768-1798 CE, bracketing the Laki, Iceland volcanic eruption of 1783-1784 CE. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Julie Edwards, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Brian Zambri, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Rose Oelkers, Rosanne D'Arrigo, Georg von Arx # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021-02-16 # Published_Title: Intra-Annual Climate Anomalies in Northwestern North America Following the 1783-1784 CE Laki Eruption # Journal_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres # Volume: 126 # Edition: e2020JD033544 # Issue: 3 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2020JD033544 # Online_Resource: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JD033544 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The 1783-1784 CE Laki eruption in Iceland was one of the largest, in terms of the mass of SO2 emitted, high-latitude eruptions in the last millennium, but the seasonal and regional climate response was heterogeneous in space and time. Although the eruption did not begin until early June, tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) reconstructions from Alaska suggest that the entire 1783 summer was extraordinarily cold. We use high-resolution quantitative wood anatomy, climate model simulations, and proxy systems modeling to resolve the intra-annual climate effects of the Laki eruption on temperatures over northwestern North America. We measured wood anatomical characteristics of white spruce (Picea glauca) trees from two northern Alaska sites. Earlywood cell characteristics of the 1783 ring are normal, while latewood cell wall thickness is significantly and anomalously reduced compared to non-eruption years. Combined with complementary evidence from climate model experiments and proxy systems modeling, these features indicate an abrupt and premature cessation of cell wall thickening due to a rapid temperature decrease toward the end of the growing season. Reconstructions using conventional annual resolution MXD likely over-estimate total growing season cooling in this year, while ring width fails to capture this abrupt late-summer volcanic signal. Our study has implications not only for the interpretation of the climatic impacts of the Laki eruption in North America, but more broadly demonstrates the importance of timing and internal variability when comparing proxy temperature reconstructions and climate model simulations. It further demonstrates the value of developing cellular-scale tree-ring proxy measurements for paleoclimatology. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Firth River # Location: North America>United States Of America>Alaska # Country: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 68.65 # Southernmost_Latitude: 68.65 # Easternmost_Longitude: -141.63 # Westernmost_Longitude: -141.63 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Firth2021MXD # Earliest_Year: 1768 # Most_Recent_Year: 1798 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Species # Species_Name: Picea glauca # Common_Name: White spruce # Tree_Species_Code: PCGL #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## Year age, , , year Common Era, , tree ring, , ,N, ## aMXD maximum density, wood, , dimensionless, , tree ring, normalized, , N, anatomical MXD ## FRCN cell, wood, , count, , tree ring, , , N, average number of cells counted for each year # #---------------- # Data: # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN # # Year aMXD FRCN 1768 0.8739 19 1769 0.87805 15.364 1770 0.83891 17.909 1771 0.8973 17.273 1772 0.87195 23.818 1773 0.89483 12.636 1774 0.8674 16.2 1775 0.864 18.636 1776 0.85541 19 1777 0.89483 18.364 1778 0.84541 13.818 1779 0.88036 13.727 1780 0.82614 7.4545 1781 0.87186 11.545 1782 0.8706 8.0909 1783 0.73015 7.9091 1784 0.8795 10 1785 0.86759 7.1818 1786 0.81059 11.273 1787 0.83923 9.1818 1788 0.88105 9.4545 1789 0.80968 7.8182 1790 0.81 10.364 1791 0.82332 13.182 1792 0.86727 10.273 1793 0.86636 8.7273 1794 0.84345 7.6364 1795 0.82459 9.4545 1796 0.89145 11.909 1797 0.87159 8.3636 1798 0.86828 11