# Jämtland, Sweden Laki Eruption Scots Pine Anatomical Maximum Latewood Density Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35258 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-35258.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/8ng4-4g37 # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/edwards2022/jamtland2022mxd.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Jämtland Anatomical Maximum Latewood Density Data # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: # Supplemental_Description: # # Related_Online_Resource: # Related_Online_Description: # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-11 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-01-11 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Jämtland, Sweden Laki Eruption Scots Pine Anatomical Maximum Latewood Density Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Edwards, J.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Gunnarson, B.E.; Pearson, C.; Seftigen, K.; von Arx, G.; Linderholm, H.W. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Anatomical maximum latewood density data of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Jämtland, Sweden, over the Laki volcanic eruption time interval (1768-1798 CE) at different measurement resolutions (10-160 microns). #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Edwards, Julie; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Gunnarson, Björn E.; Pearson, Charlotte; Seftigen, Kristina; von Arx, Georg; Linderholm, Hans W. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022-02-01 # Published_Title: The origin of tree-ring reconstructed summer cooling in Northern Europe during the 18th century eruption of Laki # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology # Volume: 37 # Edition: # Issue: 2 # Pages: # Report_Number: e2021PA004386 # DOI: 10.1029/2021PA004386 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Basaltic fissure eruptions, which are characteristic of Icelandic volcanism, are extremely hazardous due to the large quantities of gases and aerosols they release into the atmosphere. The 1783–1784 CE Laki eruption was one of the most significant high-latitude eruptions in the last millennium and had substantial environmental and climatic impacts. Contemporary observations recorded the presence of a sulfuric haze over Iceland and Europe, which caused famine from vegetation damage and resulted in a high occurrence of respiratory illnesses and related mortality. Historical records in northern Europe show that the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm, but regional tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) data from that year are low and lead to erroneously colder reconstructed summer temperatures. Here, we measure wood anatomical characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Jämtland, Sweden in order to identify the cause of this discrepancy. We show that the presence of intraannual density fluctuations in the majority of 1783 growth rings, a sudden reduction in lumen and cell wall area, and the measurement resolution of traditional X-ray densitometry led to the observed reduced annual MXD value. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest these anatomical anomalies were most likely the result of direct acidic damage to trees in Northern Europe and that the normal relationship between summer temperature and MXD can be disrupted by this damage. Our study also demonstrates that quantitative wood anatomy offers a high-resolution approach to identifying anomalous years and extreme events in the tree-ring record. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Jämtland Sweden # Location: Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia>Sweden # Northernmost_Latitude: 63.2 # Southernmost_Latitude: 62.8 # Easternmost_Longitude: 14.9 # Westernmost_Longitude: 13.2 # Elevation: 370-750 m #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Jamtland2022aMXD # Earliest_Year: 1768 # Most_Recent_Year: 1798 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: density # Notes: #-------------------- # Species - this section is used only for the tree ring and fire history data types. # Tree_Species_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/templates/tree-species-code.csv # Tree_Species_Download_Description: List of accepted tree species names and codes. # # Species_Name: Pinus sylvestris L. # Common_Name: Scots pine # Tree_Species_Code: PISY # #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # Note: the Short_name does not require a PaST term. # ## YEAR age, , , year Common Era, , tree ring, , ,N, ## aMXD10 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 10 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD20 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 20 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD30 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 30 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD40 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 40 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD50 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 50 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD60 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 60 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD80 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 80 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD100 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 100 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD120 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 120 micron resolution; average of 9 trees ## aMXD160 maximum density, , , dimensionless, , tree ring, averaged, , N, anatomical MXD 160 micron resolution; average of 9 trees #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: # YEAR aMXD10 aMXD20 aMXD30 aMXD40 aMXD50 aMXD60 aMXD80 aMXD100 aMXD120 aMXD160 1768 0.78561 0.76294 0.75189 0.73872 0.72778 0.71667 0.69361 0.67528 0.65772 0.61767 1769 0.79194 0.76128 0.75017 0.73883 0.73233 0.72667 0.70572 0.68911 0.67889 0.647 1770 0.79744 0.7635 0.74322 0.73739 0.72583 0.71611 0.70061 0.68211 0.66506 0.63817 1771 0.77672 0.744 0.72561 0.714 0.70256 0.69978 0.68667 0.6745 0.6635 0.63733 1772 0.7285 0.65983 0.63322 0.61294 0.60411 0.59339 0.58144 0.57017 0.55706 0.53667 1773 0.81567 0.79533 0.78156 0.76783 0.75711 0.74906 0.73289 0.71522 0.69478 0.65672 1774 0.8175 0.7865 0.76933 0.753 0.745 0.73728 0.71822 0.70717 0.69517 0.67167 1775 0.82533 0.80244 0.79256 0.78211 0.773 0.76817 0.75089 0.73539 0.72444 0.68783 1776 0.81961 0.78533 0.7785 0.77522 0.76639 0.75989 0.7475 0.73694 0.725 0.701 1777 0.79989 0.77367 0.75322 0.7375 0.72456 0.71217 0.696 0.67844 0.66233 0.63172 1778 0.7945 0.75989 0.73467 0.71933 0.71222 0.70011 0.68422 0.67489 0.6625 0.64394 1779 0.83011 0.8115 0.79839 0.7905 0.78161 0.77561 0.76161 0.749 0.73372 0.70467 1780 0.80756 0.75828 0.7385 0.72783 0.71794 0.70711 0.69206 0.68378 0.67261 0.63928 1781 0.80406 0.77506 0.76028 0.74339 0.73394 0.724 0.70122 0.67961 0.66444 0.63767 1782 0.75961 0.71156 0.68106 0.65739 0.64522 0.63378 0.62061 0.61272 0.60106 0.58106 1783 0.70561 0.64894 0.63606 0.62428 0.6195 0.61078 0.60822 0.60178 0.59467 0.58189 1784 0.73822 0.68378 0.64406 0.62489 0.60156 0.58789 0.56317 0.54594 0.52672 0.49356 1785 0.75844 0.71581 0.68913 0.66869 0.65669 0.6455 0.62519 0.60737 0.58894 0.55956 1786 0.78169 0.75863 0.73706 0.71944 0.70537 0.69287 0.66894 0.64706 0.62113 0.59269 1787 0.77317 0.73111 0.71061 0.68994 0.67511 0.66472 0.63817 0.61861 0.59944 0.57067 1788 0.78917 0.76233 0.75589 0.74217 0.73456 0.72828 0.71744 0.70506 0.68417 0.6395 1789 0.82411 0.80544 0.78983 0.77778 0.766 0.7545 0.73244 0.71433 0.68906 0.6315 1790 0.76561 0.73756 0.71583 0.69394 0.67567 0.65889 0.63778 0.61239 0.59394 0.55844 1791 0.788 0.76256 0.74211 0.72922 0.71644 0.70861 0.67817 0.6565 0.63672 0.60433 1792 0.78472 0.75478 0.73733 0.72706 0.71733 0.71033 0.69211 0.67472 0.65828 0.62483 1793 0.81094 0.78361 0.76106 0.74567 0.73161 0.7215 0.69911 0.67628 0.65794 0.62206 1794 0.79722 0.76406 0.75011 0.74156 0.732 0.72511 0.70739 0.69083 0.67372 0.63517 1795 0.81406 0.78883 0.76828 0.74911 0.73978 0.72917 0.70228 0.67394 0.6455 0.6005 1796 0.8225 0.78494 0.77044 0.75328 0.74161 0.72806 0.70722 0.67994 0.66011 0.62328 1797 0.81439 0.79544 0.77822 0.7655 0.757 0.7505 0.73461 0.71972 0.703 0.66583 1798 0.83061 0.79489 0.785 0.77694 0.76778 0.76089 0.75111 0.73928 0.72783 0.685