# Bonney - Silver Creek CA C (Site 09) - PIST - ITRDB CANA663 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/36608 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-36608.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: trends, Vegetation Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/canada/cana663-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; cana663-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/canada/cana663.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/cana663.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-06-17 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-06-17 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Bonney - Silver Creek CA C (Site 09) - PIST - ITRDB CANA663 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Bonney, M.T.; He, H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2022-09-08. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Mitchell T. Bonney and Yuhong He # Journal_Name: International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation # Published_Title: Temporal connections between long-term Landsat time-series and tree-rings in an urban-rural temperate forest # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Volume: 103 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: 102523 # DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102523 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Time-series of satellite-derived vegetation proxies and tree-rings widths (TRW) are similar, providing temporal records of forest productivity change from different perspectives and processes. Previous research on this relationship has focused on temperature or moisture limited coniferous forests, using lower spatial resolution (e.g., 8000 m) satellites and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to test relationships over 15-30 years. There is an opportunity to leverage recent advances in building Landsat (30 m) time-series to expand comparisons into new forest types (e.g., coniferous vs. deciduous), areas (e.g., fragmented forests) and over longer periods (e.g., nearly 50 years). However, a better understanding of factors that influence relationship strength is required. We compared tree-ring measurements, converted to a ring width index (RWI), and Landsat tasseled cap angle (TCA) derived canopy cover (CC) from 1972 to 2018 across 16 deciduous, mixed, and coniferous stands in southern Ontario, Canada. For all chronologies, overall relationship strength was assessed with correlation approaches (RWI-CC, both vs. climate), and shorter-term increase-decline trends were compared with segmented regression. There were significant forest type differences, with coniferous chronologies correlating stronger with CC than deciduous. Deciduous chronologies and CC had opposite connections with summer temperature, with climate warming increasing CC and coniferous RWI but not deciduous RWI from 1980 to 2010. More recent decline at most sites appears related to a major ice storm, but multiple factors may be coexisting. We tested the utility of tree-rings for validating nearly 50 years of Landsat-observed change in urban-rural temperate forests, identifying useful connections at coniferous sites. However, there are limitations to comparing long-term Landsat time-series (based on yearly summer data) with annual tree-ring growth. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) # Grant: RGPIN-386183 #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Postgraduate Fellowship # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Centre for Urban Environments # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Silver Creek CA C (Site 09) # Location: Canada # Northernmost_Latitude: 43.701111 # Southernmost_Latitude: 43.701111 # Easternmost_Longitude: -79.959167 # Westernmost_Longitude: -79.959167 # Elevation_m: 356 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: CANA663 # First_Year: 1979 # Last_Year: 2018 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Pinus strobus L. # Common_Name: eastern white pine # Tree_Species_Code: PIST #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## 0910a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0910a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0910b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0910b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0911a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0911a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0911b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0911b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0912a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0912a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0912b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0912b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0913a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0913a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0913b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0913b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0914a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0914a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0915a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0915a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0915b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0915b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0916a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0916a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0916b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0916b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0917b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0917b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0918a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0918a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0918b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0918b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0919a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0919a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0919b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0919b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0901a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0901a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0901b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0901b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0921a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0921a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0921b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0921b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0922a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0922a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0922b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0922b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0923a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0923a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0923b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0923b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0924a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0924a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0924b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0924b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0925a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0925a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0925b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0925b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0926a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0926a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0926b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0926b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0927a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0927a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0928a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0928a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0928b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0928b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0902a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0902a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0902b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0902b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0930a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0930a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0930b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0930b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0903a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0903a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0903b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0903b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0904a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0904a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0904b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0904b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0905a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0905a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0905b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0905b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0906a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0906a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0906b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0906b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0907a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0907a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0907b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0907b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0908a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0908a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0908b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0908b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0909a_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0909a; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## 0909b_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: 0909b; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE 0910a_raw 0910b_raw 0911a_raw 0911b_raw 0912a_raw 0912b_raw 0913a_raw 0913b_raw 0914a_raw 0915a_raw 0915b_raw 0916a_raw 0916b_raw 0917b_raw 0918a_raw 0918b_raw 0919a_raw 0919b_raw 0901a_raw 0901b_raw 0921a_raw 0921b_raw 0922a_raw 0922b_raw 0923a_raw 0923b_raw 0924a_raw 0924b_raw 0925a_raw 0925b_raw 0926a_raw 0926b_raw 0927a_raw 0928a_raw 0928b_raw 0902a_raw 0902b_raw 0930a_raw 0930b_raw 0903a_raw 0903b_raw 0904a_raw 0904b_raw 0905a_raw 0905b_raw 0906a_raw 0906b_raw 0907a_raw 0907b_raw 0908a_raw 0908b_raw 0909a_raw 0909b_raw 1979 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.272 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1980 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.914 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.373 NA NA 3.378 NA 1981 1.408 NA NA NA NA NA 1.906 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.973 NA NA 4.531 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.026 NA NA 5.609 NA 1982 3.646 NA NA NA NA NA 3.792 NA NA NA NA NA 0.985 NA NA 8.528 NA NA NA NA NA 4.355 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6.181 NA NA 6.482 NA NA 1.052 NA NA NA NA 9.028 NA NA 2.657 NA 5.036 NA NA 4.403 NA 1983 3.822 NA 1.345 NA NA NA 3.918 NA NA NA NA 7.962 2.919 NA NA 6.333 NA NA NA NA NA 5.184 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.271 NA 6.233 7.065 7.032 NA 3.284 NA NA NA NA 8.202 5.471 2.763 2.59 NA 6.476 2.849 NA 5.177 NA 1984 6.312 7.017 2.672 NA NA NA 5.941 5.28 NA NA NA 9.558 8.351 NA 10.733 9.437 10.161 10.294 5.38 NA 8.272 7.434 NA 6.662 NA 6.609 NA 9.892 NA NA NA NA 8.356 NA 6.902 9.394 8.943 NA 5.304 NA NA NA NA 7.927 7.631 4.5 3.535 NA 5.539 4.765 NA 8.187 NA 1985 8.943 9.893 4.942 NA 9.675 NA 7.952 6.879 NA NA NA 9.966 8.795 11.367 10.533 7.373 10.429 8.635 8.115 NA 8.884 9.233 8.396 7.077 NA 7.616 NA 11.115 NA 6.996 NA NA 8.456 11.688 6.809 8.244 9.147 8.384 8.481 5.138 6.055 NA NA 9.123 9.615 7.916 6.689 NA 5.879 5.727 9.474 7.658 NA 1986 9.328 10.735 6.502 6.549 6.007 NA 10.195 8.88 NA NA 8.33 9.554 9.122 11.602 9.091 6.388 11.154 10.676 9.057 NA 10.781 9.612 9.795 8.076 NA 7.752 12.711 11.588 8.946 8.312 NA NA 7.969 7.861 7.405 10.388 9.453 8.686 9.166 7.516 8.019 NA 6.939 9.345 9.753 9.284 8.479 NA 6.804 5.108 11.459 6.045 10.091 1987 10.424 9.434 5.917 7.003 8.095 NA 8.213 9.184 8.653 NA 6.853 6.785 6.672 8.897 6.065 5.009 7.821 7.953 7.901 NA 8.225 7.711 5.875 6.59 NA 7.268 8.851 9.615 7.272 7.778 NA NA 5.134 5.6 5.461 6.742 7.176 7.259 7.699 7.162 7.317 NA 7.001 6.594 6.898 7.313 6.922 11.347 6.351 8.517 9.958 5.093 8.104 1988 9.05 9.639 5.673 7.068 6.575 6.789 9.152 5.657 7.435 NA 6.864 5.459 6.226 7.18 4.548 3.783 6.493 5.237 6.282 NA 7.401 8.534 4.506 5.412 NA 5.454 6.586 7.813 6.992 6.561 NA 8.297 3.577 3.625 3.472 4.492 5.168 6.965 6.47 6.312 7.232 5.315 5.822 6.631 6.802 5.879 5.62 8.395 4.766 9.12 7.836 6.107 7.088 1989 9.537 9.537 7.315 7.475 5.275 6.177 8.484 6.105 7.969 NA 7.813 7.66 7.822 6.553 5.152 3.551 4.225 5.424 6.149 6.08 7.995 7.42 5.537 6.917 5.057 4.708 7.716 8.233 6.63 6.823 6.678 9.918 3.587 3.457 3.068 4.276 3.899 6.913 7.294 5.996 5.883 4.797 5.375 5.482 5.621 5.505 4.278 6.594 4.559 8.663 7.538 4.183 4.538 1990 8.995 9.198 8.966 7.807 6.84 7.266 4.735 3.511 6.118 NA 6.468 5.835 7.501 5.673 4.961 4.035 3.108 3.735 5.292 4.847 7.943 4.985 5.57 8.197 4.496 4.571 7.209 7.771 8.163 7.935 9.96 10.774 2.744 4.559 2.757 3.276 4.118 6.06 6.541 6.633 7.686 5.552 4.996 5.667 5.281 5.811 5.441 5.282 4.606 7.211 8.485 4.938 6.152 1991 9.043 8.84 8.416 7.981 6.446 4.545 6.211 5.606 5.506 3.658 5.612 4.958 6.077 5.37 5.658 3.4 2.261 3.114 3.803 4.508 6.381 5.92 4.094 5.702 3.198 4.858 6.712 7.238 10.196 7.241 9.675 12.002 2.762 4.029 2.522 2.924 3.727 7.466 6.567 6.756 6.915 4.439 4.69 4.204 4.015 4.668 4.129 5.251 3.673 7.105 7.508 3.633 4.882 1992 8.401 8.414 6.89 7.172 5.213 8.528 5.634 7.124 4.573 3.476 4.266 3.388 4.22 4.01 4.12 2.168 2.267 3.22 4.335 5.843 5.448 7.134 3.89 4.761 3.718 3.98 5.493 6.523 8.139 4.968 10.579 13.187 1.854 2.972 2.124 2.626 3.008 9.006 7.558 6.69 5.717 4.268 4.075 5.196 5.125 4.995 4.117 4.696 3.048 5.332 5.85 3.196 3.891 1993 7.009 6.575 5.357 5.159 4.234 7.676 3.959 5.882 2.863 2.337 3.401 1.545 2.534 3.108 2.77 2.003 2.092 2.767 3.742 3.889 3.448 4.45 2.89 2.725 3.53 4.425 5.052 5.002 7.897 5.377 8.654 8.975 1.534 1.764 1.335 2.338 2.426 5.869 5.558 5.723 4.276 3.273 3.441 3.123 2.644 3.506 3.02 2.868 1.98 5.352 5.264 3.376 3.361 1994 5.854 5.96 5.048 4.427 4.066 7.24 3.725 3.57 2.837 2.477 2.64 1.203 2.347 1.648 2.177 1.62 1.372 1.407 3.981 3.033 2.821 2.51 1.717 1.904 2.912 4.2 4.213 3.811 6.276 5.485 6.632 8.123 2.55 1.509 1.277 1.916 1.979 4.118 4.059 4.203 4.067 3.526 3.259 2.244 1.218 1.804 2.416 2.377 1.431 4.558 4.588 2.72 2.046 1995 6.458 5.046 4.754 5.673 5.634 7.319 5.04 5.183 3.7 3.497 2.655 1.264 2.962 1.715 3.048 2.453 2.425 2.726 4.265 4.119 3.87 3.108 2.068 3.585 4.083 3.985 5.01 4.193 4.922 6.233 6.449 8.469 3.805 1.972 1.399 2.368 2.457 4.763 3.529 5.031 4.488 4.018 3.909 2.33 1.884 2.868 2.796 3.513 2.681 3.706 4.999 2.467 3.198 1996 5.092 5.44 2.989 3.81 5.794 6.603 4.485 6.656 3.947 3.64 3.051 1.607 2.443 2.893 2.948 2.352 1.815 2.998 4.15 4.269 2.733 2.132 1.966 3.514 3.085 3.878 3.491 4.1 4.627 4.439 6.639 7.705 2.786 1.266 1.67 1.873 1.588 5.25 4.887 3.599 4.128 3.888 3.232 2.393 1.206 3.313 2.826 2.818 1.749 2.763 2.579 2.931 2.333 1997 5.169 4.744 2.925 4.693 4.849 3.809 5.933 5.352 2.451 3.304 2.137 1.781 2.941 3.242 2.977 2.528 1.098 2.423 4.214 3.56 3.528 3.266 1.969 4.425 2.794 2.73 2.717 3.704 5.156 4.127 5.269 5.991 2.594 1.947 1.979 1.404 1.461 3.789 4.186 3.746 4.353 3.099 3.427 2.318 1.843 3.99 3.079 3.418 1.799 3.041 4.076 3.819 2.92 1998 6.625 7.293 5.268 6.089 5.812 4.473 9.599 5.232 2.907 3.749 3.641 1.797 2.862 3.701 3.259 3.421 1.03 2.713 4.511 2.69 4.967 3.158 2.966 4.957 3.501 3.695 4.687 4.865 3.822 5.601 6.879 7.027 3.027 2.14 1.853 1.929 1.76 4.667 5.366 4.73 6.034 3.983 3.68 3.345 2.688 4.974 4.17 4.256 2.226 3.493 4.576 4.031 3.419 1999 3.77 5.27 3.929 3.255 4.429 2.837 6.141 2.759 1.325 2.618 3.045 1.079 0.949 1.559 1.952 1.473 0.755 1.92 2.159 2.042 3.084 1.964 1.598 3.244 2.221 2.383 3.426 2.836 2.098 2.816 4.457 4.868 2.201 1.316 1.09 1.941 1.302 2.783 3.228 3.687 3.874 2.886 1.395 2.382 1.8 4.12 3.201 2.762 1.901 2.286 2.907 2.131 2.192 2000 4.642 5.78 3.594 4.301 5.359 3.844 5.182 3.846 3.14 5.378 4.409 2.66 1.637 1.678 2.762 1.197 1.379 3.477 4.414 3.333 3.789 3.1 1.291 3.243 2.977 4.191 4.152 3.461 2.971 2.132 4.584 5.158 2.594 1.8 1.728 2.923 2.328 3.833 3.843 3.878 4.668 5.389 3.473 3.218 2.023 5.709 4.689 3.217 2.162 3.059 3.93 2.229 1.973 2001 3.852 4.074 4.764 4.024 4.508 3.329 4.286 3.545 2.999 3.688 3.185 2.182 2.216 1.352 2.487 0.916 1.045 1.81 3.451 1.869 1.674 2.01 1.36 2.892 2.298 2.865 2.759 2.519 1.788 2.545 3.378 4.028 1.727 1.186 1.661 1.598 1.696 2.478 2.677 3.515 4.139 3.218 3.096 2.943 2.467 4.243 3.05 2.159 1.651 2.465 2.936 2.678 2.116 2002 2.26 3.143 3.164 3.3 2.435 1.503 2.815 2.172 1.771 2.306 2.352 1.536 2.077 1.001 2.043 0.786 0.8 1.759 1.397 1.359 1.634 1.592 0.561 2.244 1.681 2.371 1.633 1.937 1.034 1.723 2.213 3.704 1.54 1.111 1.331 1.329 1.326 1.799 2.374 2.354 2.71 2.013 2.179 2.043 1.504 3.132 1.77 1.487 1.313 1.831 2.539 1.76 1.635 2003 3.444 2.677 3.112 3.051 2.383 0.605 2.107 1.97 1.231 1.557 2.017 0.936 1.431 0.903 1.397 1.291 0.927 1.704 1.844 1.182 1.388 1.347 0.677 0.87 1.476 2.203 1.573 2.148 2.561 1.696 1.568 3.274 1.102 0.957 1.192 1.038 0.889 1.218 1.545 2.684 2.161 2.164 2.958 1.843 1.175 2.781 1.72 1.371 1.379 2.309 2.563 1.483 1.26 2004 3.843 3.823 2.646 3.705 1.908 0.924 1.305 1.863 1.472 1.041 1.305 0.668 1.721 0.466 0.953 1.38 0.468 2.098 2.17 1.152 1.219 1.414 0.233 0.858 0.979 1.698 1.024 1.349 1.874 1.218 1.543 3.561 0.614 0.683 0.891 0.558 0.794 1.122 1.059 1.972 2.997 2.65 3.829 1.513 0.752 2.331 1.536 1.196 0.797 1.909 1.488 1.135 0.779 2005 2.36 2.445 1.905 2.9 1.572 1.336 1.165 1.81 1.122 0.524 0.912 0.726 1.247 0.445 1.007 1.008 0.422 1.903 2.424 1.197 0.698 0.994 0.466 0.975 0.861 1.292 0.703 1.233 1.227 0.69 1.093 2.149 0.487 0.563 0.788 0.522 0.881 1.546 0.902 1.559 2.467 1.779 2.509 1.814 0.794 1.885 1.451 1.047 1.016 1.593 0.826 0.614 0.453 2006 3.008 3.44 2.389 3.344 2.16 1.96 1.663 2.054 1.929 1.652 1.786 0.679 2.195 0.553 1.185 1.143 0.519 2.176 2.921 0.765 0.71 1.149 0.783 1.188 1.201 1.499 0.943 1.137 1.166 0.924 1.629 1.537 0.72 0.546 0.709 0.381 0.88 1.814 1.06 2.276 3.143 2.752 3.081 3.041 0.836 2.445 1.862 1.059 0.689 2.36 2.222 0.828 0.544 2007 2.148 2.554 2.143 1.894 1.832 1.736 1.153 0.444 1.227 1.224 1.419 0.844 1.497 0.539 0.997 1.016 0.478 1.763 1.567 0.97 0.49 1.011 0.73 0.946 0.902 0.804 1.069 0.994 1.429 1.082 1.514 1.662 0.561 0.412 0.603 0.267 0.659 1.494 1.217 2.116 2.627 2.15 2.116 1.461 0.202 1.894 1.122 0.857 0.817 0.995 2.299 0.572 0.391 2008 1.165 1.52 1.466 1.176 1.209 1.124 0.894 0.626 0.797 0.851 1.051 0.49 1.105 0.244 0.625 0.963 0.425 1.837 1.81 0.982 0.499 0.424 1.196 0.902 0.739 0.572 1.077 1.461 1.133 0.944 1.048 1.942 0.932 0.616 0.959 0.307 0.876 0.858 1.177 1.369 1.242 1.824 1.779 0.891 0.541 1.637 1.122 0.911 0.93 0.646 1.242 0.204 0.32 2009 2.202 1.842 2.038 1.2 2.201 1.8 1.228 1.016 1.526 1.737 6.299 0.426 0.852 0.386 0.476 0.437 0.378 4.137 2.254 0.732 1.196 1.323 0.868 2.266 1.008 1.047 0.444 2.117 0.878 0.784 1.618 4.001 1.844 0.611 0.849 0.32 1.092 0.969 0.782 1.419 3.42 3.449 2.183 0.183 0.656 2.546 1.238 0.889 0.61 0.816 2.023 0.192 0.193 2010 3.677 2.957 2.984 2.749 2.879 3.811 2.214 3.026 1.609 3.156 5.78 0.491 0.984 1.355 2.192 0.476 1.019 4.099 2.903 1.956 2.265 1.858 1.473 4.806 2.174 2.023 2.17 3.41 0.805 1.525 2.473 3.74 3.308 0.785 1.053 0.891 2.741 1.675 0.989 2.91 4.414 3.351 2.778 0.805 0.977 3.826 2.593 2.4 1.746 1.281 3.455 0.431 0.604 2011 3.324 2.726 2.175 2.067 3.016 4.925 3.091 4.642 2.689 4.78 3.718 0.984 2.396 1.165 2.162 0.72 0.871 3.003 2.331 1.613 1.994 1.571 1.333 3.928 2.697 2.153 2.055 2.583 0.953 0.736 1.77 2.531 3.857 0.929 1.25 1.637 2.625 1.619 0.958 4.18 4.763 3.086 2.921 0.878 0.762 4.53 3.228 2.135 1.664 1.779 2.017 0.237 0.247 2012 4.045 2.948 3.636 4.241 4.16 5.472 3.823 4.373 4.532 6.209 6.5 1.161 3.979 1.863 2.857 2.518 1.252 3.489 3.355 2.233 2.749 1.818 1.62 4.075 2.969 2.309 2.745 4.138 2.318 1.356 2.414 3.126 3.771 1.198 2.067 1.709 2.477 2.106 0.584 4.605 5.912 3.984 3.336 2.424 1.62 4.392 3.842 1.916 1.778 2.63 2.722 0.546 1.112 2013 3.607 3.979 3.314 4.14 4.689 4.86 5.047 4.596 4.785 7.436 8.663 0.916 3.26 1.762 3.676 4.371 1.452 3.997 6.033 4.631 4.324 2.7 2.064 4.414 3.599 2.077 3.368 4.935 3.459 1.971 3.832 4.465 5.406 1.453 1.958 1.006 1.274 2.181 0.765 4.696 5.931 4.502 4.2 4.615 2.561 5.116 4.593 2.119 1.852 2.693 4.497 0.981 1.485 2014 2.053 1.978 3.672 4.211 4.788 4.367 6.091 2.675 1.012 3.699 5.736 0.237 0.868 2.84 2.469 4.155 1.528 3.256 4.582 4.743 4.43 2.46 2.227 2.995 1.862 1.843 1.957 3.208 2.375 1.925 2.562 2.752 1.155 0.599 0.505 1.335 1.39 1.559 0.425 3.216 4.29 3.979 5.011 5.012 1.535 4.519 3.483 1.472 1.534 2.372 4.579 0.121 0.181 2015 2.488 4.485 4.385 3.707 5.556 4.805 6.75 5.307 0.194 3.14 4.466 0.437 0.529 2.992 2.309 3.736 1.646 3.329 4.212 4.045 2.967 4.31 2.077 3.418 2.799 2.244 2.076 3.514 2.831 2.713 2.032 2.359 0.257 0.666 0.503 1.411 2.404 0.927 0.222 2.683 4.258 5.613 5.491 2.964 1.82 4.385 3.842 1.867 1.926 2.47 4.448 0.108 0.162 2016 1.328 4.864 2.452 2.901 2.435 3.291 5.077 4.034 0.17 2.42 2.267 0.459 0.825 1.747 1.293 1.548 1.429 2.332 2.361 1.951 1.998 3.461 1.107 1.598 2.413 2.055 1.351 2.551 2.011 1.832 2.148 1.622 0.405 0.413 0.469 1.281 1.843 0.69 0.291 2.467 2.801 3.1 2.696 1.227 1.058 2.669 2.31 1.354 1.177 1.773 3.408 0.085 0.208 2017 3.398 6.925 4.424 4.5 6.238 4.907 6.539 4.982 1.022 4.738 3.737 0.777 2.053 2.684 2.787 2.318 2.013 3.127 3.736 3.068 2.999 5.28 1.432 2.234 4.06 3.177 2.584 3.333 3.045 2.387 3.642 3.041 0.946 0.67 0.684 2.532 2.817 0.745 0.553 3.613 3.96 4.624 3.991 2.175 2.212 4.018 3.252 2.329 1.896 2.598 4.912 0.227 0.275 2018 4.512 3.833 3.339 4.69 6.406 4.259 4.388 4.555 0.827 4.06 3.589 1.171 2.84 1.921 3.055 2.188 2.101 3.54 3.196 2.027 3.048 3.834 1.603 1.948 3.886 2.812 1.779 3.102 2.027 1.43 3.366 3.495 0.959 0.439 0.775 2.749 1.891 0.588 0.443 2.963 6.026 3.579 2.426 1.88 1.238 3.469 3.336 1.661 1.557 2.054 4.654 0.254 0.262