# Andreu-Hayles - Ice Cut Dalton Highway - SASP - ITRDB AK175 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/29753 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-29753.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak175-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; ak175-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak175.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/ak175.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-05-13 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-05-13 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Andreu-Hayles - Ice Cut Dalton Highway - SASP - ITRDB AK175 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Andreu-Hayles, L.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-681X); Anchukaitis, K.J.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-8080); Martin-Fernández, J.; D'Arrigo, R.D.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-0796) #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: North Slope, Alaska 2010 shrub ring-width data. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2020-07-07. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Laia Andreu-Hayles, Benjamin V. Gaglioti, Logan T. Berner, Mathieu Levesque, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Scott J. Goetz and Rosanne D'Arrigo # Journal_Name: Environmental Research Letters # Published_Title: A narrow window of summer temperatures associated with shrub growth in Arctic Alaska # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020 # Volume: # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab897f # Full_Citation: Laia Andreu-Hayles, Benjamin V. Gaglioti, Logan T. Berner, Mathieu Levesque, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Scott J. Goetz and Rosanne D'Arrigo. 2020 in press. A narrow window of summer temperatures associated with shrub growth in Arctic Alaska. Environmental Research Letters. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab897f # Abstract: Warming in recent decades has triggered shrub expansion in arctic and alpine tundra, which is transforming these temperature-limited ecosystems and altering carbon and nutrient cycles, fire regimes, permafrost stability, land-surface climate-feedbacks, and wildlife habitat. Where and when Arctic shrub expansion happens in the future will depend in part on how different shrub communities respond to warming air temperatures. Here, we analyze a shrub ring-width network of 18 sites consisting of Salix spp. and Alnus viridis growing across the North Slope of Alaska (68-71N; 164-149W) to assess shrub temperature sensitivity and compare radial growth patterns with satellite NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) data since 1982. All shrub sites and species shared a common year-to-year growth variability despite site differences and had a positive response, ~67% of which were significant (P < 0.05), to daily maximum air temperatures (Tmax) from ca. May 31 (i.e. Tmax ~6 C) to early July (i.e. Tmax ~12 C). Thus, the month of June had the highest shrub growth-temperature sensitivity and this period coincides with the seasonal increase in temperature and an green-up of tundra indicated by both field observations and the seasonal cycle of NDVI (~photosynthetic activity). Nearly all of the sampled shrubs (98%) initiated their growth after 1960, with 74% initiated since 1980. This post-1980 shrub-recruitment pulse coincided with ~2 C warmer June temperatures compared to prior periods and positive trends in shrub basal area increments (BAI) and peak summer NDVI. Significant correlations between shrub growth and peak summer NDVI indicate these radial growth patterns in shrubs reflect a broader trend of enhanced tundra productivity across the North Slope of Alaska. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: PLR-1504134, PLR-1603473, AGS-1502150 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Ice Cut Dalton Highway # Location: Alaska # Northernmost_Latitude: 69.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 69.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: -148.8 # Westernmost_Longitude: -148.8 # Elevation_m: 362 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AK175 # First_Year: 1977 # Last_Year: 2010 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Salix spp. # Common_Name: willow # Tree_Species_Code: SASP #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## ICA011_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA011; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA012_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA012; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA021_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA021; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA022_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA022; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA031_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA031; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA032_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA032; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA041_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA041; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA042_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA042; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA051_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA051; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA052_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA052; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA061_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA061; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA062_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA062; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA071_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA071; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA072_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA072; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA081_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA081; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA082_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA082; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA091_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA091; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA092_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA092; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA101_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA101; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA102_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA102; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA111_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA111; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA112_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA112; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA121_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA121; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA122_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA122; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA131_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA131; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA132_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA132; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA141_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA141; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA142_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA142; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA151_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA151; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA152_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA152; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA171_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA171; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA172_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA172; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA181_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA181; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA182_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA182; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA191_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA191; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA192_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA192; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA201_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA201; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA202_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA202; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA80A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA80A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## ICA802_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: ICA802; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE ICA011_raw ICA012_raw ICA021_raw ICA022_raw ICA031_raw ICA032_raw ICA041_raw ICA042_raw ICA051_raw ICA052_raw ICA061_raw ICA062_raw ICA071_raw ICA072_raw ICA081_raw ICA082_raw ICA091_raw ICA092_raw ICA101_raw ICA102_raw ICA111_raw ICA112_raw ICA121_raw ICA122_raw ICA131_raw ICA132_raw ICA141_raw ICA142_raw ICA151_raw ICA152_raw ICA171_raw ICA172_raw ICA181_raw ICA182_raw ICA191_raw ICA192_raw ICA201_raw ICA202_raw ICA80A_raw ICA802_raw 1977 NA NA 0.623 0.541 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1978 NA NA 0.559 0.493 0.39 0.436 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.385 0.345 NA NA 0.438 0.486 0.529 0.535 NA NA NA NA 1979 0.407 0.466 0.361 0.386 0.402 0.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.265 0.28 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.259 0.313 NA NA 1.18 1.18 0.402 0.301 NA NA NA NA 1980 0.841 0.775 0.143 0.2 0.155 0.163 NA NA NA NA 0.29 0.224 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.251 0.208 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.757 0.774 NA NA 0.415 0.478 0.403 0.316 NA NA 0.238 0.33 1981 0.748 0.747 0.325 0.286 0.085 0.092 NA NA NA NA 0.141 0.197 NA NA 0.235 0.155 NA NA 0.619 0.406 0.656 0.842 0.467 0.444 NA NA NA NA 1.195 1.163 NA NA 0.408 0.469 0.625 0.791 NA NA 0.427 0.337 1982 0.922 0.846 0.252 0.269 0.243 0.239 NA NA NA NA 0.478 0.516 NA NA 0.409 0.281 NA NA 0.223 0.519 0.914 0.698 0.371 0.319 NA NA NA NA 1.326 1.455 0.829 0.573 0.694 0.847 1.484 1.331 NA NA 0.54 0.615 1983 0.619 0.562 0.385 0.352 0.368 0.376 NA NA NA NA 0.831 0.86 NA NA 0.61 0.538 NA NA 1.098 1.102 2.213 1.181 0.683 0.701 0.955 1.069 NA NA 0.687 0.696 0.216 0.167 0.877 0.908 2.083 1.079 NA NA 0.745 0.841 1984 0.692 0.599 0.329 0.326 0.236 0.207 NA NA NA NA 0.454 0.442 NA NA 0.519 0.487 NA NA 0.579 0.557 0.674 1.223 0.378 0.391 1.533 1.72 NA NA 0.387 0.265 0.449 0.584 0.664 0.855 1.164 1.166 NA NA 0.689 0.704 1985 0.846 0.819 0.413 0.604 0.292 0.314 NA NA 0.235 0.216 0.457 0.444 NA NA 0.511 0.355 NA NA 0.485 0.462 0.653 0.915 0.551 0.348 0.941 1.374 0.864 0.614 0.75 0.691 0.557 0.628 1.028 1.142 1.367 1.462 NA NA 0.496 0.517 1986 1.043 1.063 0.809 0.605 0.397 0.434 NA NA 0.367 0.328 0.664 0.619 NA NA 0.796 0.536 0.226 0.244 0.958 0.885 1.676 0.719 0.348 0.344 3.118 2.877 1.082 0.84 0.831 0.843 0.74 0.819 1.337 1.184 1.143 1.269 0.425 0.493 0.543 0.521 1987 1.01 0.782 0.87 0.573 0.487 0.423 NA NA 0.288 0.294 0.576 0.602 NA NA 0.678 0.628 1.416 1.845 1.008 0.937 1.486 1.021 0.608 0.608 2.024 1.686 2.587 3.294 1.055 1.133 0.912 0.867 1.351 1.16 1.045 1.416 0.59 0.661 0.455 0.479 1988 1.146 0.901 0.891 0.707 0.687 0.592 NA NA 0.373 0.288 0.786 0.81 NA NA 0.573 0.487 1.404 1.549 0.921 0.848 1.153 1.469 0.869 0.896 1.518 1.133 2.709 2.791 1.178 1.404 1.017 0.992 1.493 1.198 1.185 1.748 1.39 1.259 0.601 0.55 1989 1.066 0.963 0.845 0.544 0.455 0.434 NA NA 0.557 0.495 0.775 0.792 NA NA 0.693 0.651 0.911 0.775 0.985 0.896 1.461 1.892 0.588 0.581 1.215 1.031 2.862 2.638 1.54 1.812 0.579 0.905 1.494 1.173 1.151 1.507 2.272 2.289 0.815 0.659 1990 1.97 1.887 1.067 0.878 1.02 0.958 NA NA 0.987 1.009 1.168 1.281 0.336 0.345 1.216 0.827 1.474 1.329 1.546 1.558 1.969 1.58 0.901 0.893 1.862 1.672 2.803 3.081 2.144 1.85 1.115 0.704 2.524 2.092 1.364 1.834 2.408 2.251 1.532 1.536 1991 1.254 1.123 0.815 0.504 0.655 0.611 0.308 0.282 1.658 1.326 0.743 0.907 0.491 0.483 1.047 0.882 1.053 0.998 1.451 0.983 1.433 1.741 0.45 0.392 0.88 0.822 2.324 1.909 1.638 1.303 0.534 0.335 1.562 1.07 0.559 0.764 1.147 1.21 1.04 1.386 1992 1.8 1.288 1.14 0.789 0.937 0.851 0.228 0.325 1.671 1.315 1.302 1.417 1.056 1.079 1.019 0.87 1.165 1.059 1.756 1.374 2.378 2.939 0.88 0.749 1.354 1.38 3.17 3.033 2.675 2.686 0.914 0.778 1.929 1.243 0.772 1.026 1.937 1.701 1.145 1.21 1993 1.571 1.184 1.139 0.829 1.198 1.089 1.016 1.293 1.898 1.269 1.253 1.358 1.022 1.007 0.858 0.914 1.346 1.222 2.043 1.385 2.599 3.008 0.785 0.726 1.681 1.628 3.431 2.795 2.822 3.201 0.588 0.658 1.668 0.954 1.05 1.538 1.663 1.426 0.883 1.017 1994 1.531 1.389 1.069 0.607 1.048 0.97 1.279 1.079 1.814 1.368 1.097 1.096 1.122 1.131 0.992 0.961 1.099 1.373 1.843 1.071 2.563 2.445 1.067 0.905 1.693 2.045 1.951 1.888 2.886 3.135 0.743 0.552 2.054 1.195 0.924 1.127 1.78 1.429 1.163 1.22 1995 1.253 1.281 0.944 0.557 0.659 0.531 0.75 0.885 1.502 1.001 0.838 0.705 1.005 0.923 0.967 0.861 1.015 1.206 1.868 1.166 2.306 2.711 0.572 0.55 1.635 1.548 1.73 1.961 1.805 2.607 1.178 0.691 1.855 1.221 0.701 1.251 1.706 1.585 0.883 1.208 1996 1.329 1.113 1.409 0.847 1.005 0.856 0.772 0.83 1.401 0.96 0.84 0.871 1.093 1.065 0.78 0.612 1.208 1.191 1.489 0.771 1.935 2.476 0.937 0.762 1.704 1.891 1.974 2.409 2.229 2.35 1.298 0.699 1.809 1.26 0.664 1.392 1.693 1.273 0.864 0.867 1997 1.029 0.859 1.116 0.638 0.759 0.661 0.797 0.822 1.228 0.884 0.696 0.647 0.93 1.064 0.675 0.577 1.102 1.254 1.518 0.619 1.772 2.015 1.052 0.739 1.708 1.927 1.917 2.47 2.173 2.059 1.478 0.866 1.406 1.037 0.566 0.868 1.652 1.119 0.854 1.258 1998 1.201 1.158 1.611 1.017 0.986 0.95 1.282 1.253 1.939 1.356 0.793 0.869 1.561 1.256 0.774 0.891 1.27 1.606 1.415 0.59 1.019 1.595 0.894 0.5 1.627 2.083 1.607 2.184 2.01 2.441 1.869 0.982 1.714 1.395 0.693 1.051 1.895 1.489 0.947 1.283 1999 1.228 1.08 1.468 0.751 0.82 0.684 1.173 1.056 1.863 1.478 0.843 0.833 1.184 1.029 0.789 0.726 1.235 1.488 1.309 0.583 1.056 1.431 0.602 0.404 1.121 1.527 1.319 1.77 1.676 1.77 1.636 0.954 1.272 0.932 0.699 0.888 1.395 1.17 1.074 1.238 2000 1.398 0.981 1.548 1.094 0.798 0.836 1.166 1.152 1.323 1.186 0.809 0.739 1.243 1.152 0.828 0.936 1.04 1.541 1.298 0.631 0.973 1.225 0.978 0.883 0.997 1.58 1.366 1.859 1.578 1.576 1.57 0.921 1.01 0.805 0.411 0.564 1.187 1.082 0.974 1.588 2001 1.382 0.755 1.284 0.809 0.826 0.844 1.135 1.038 1.479 1.476 0.703 0.813 0.965 0.875 0.597 0.579 1.054 1.333 1.24 0.59 1.271 1.022 1.13 0.869 0.857 1.228 1.279 1.683 1.451 1.386 1.491 1.361 0.763 0.729 0.311 0.35 1.364 1.263 0.854 1.125 2002 1.067 0.585 1.422 1.034 0.769 0.629 1.111 1.39 1.622 1.329 0.426 0.605 0.947 0.816 0.408 0.366 1.566 1.795 1.288 0.347 1.597 1.768 1.019 0.726 1.19 1.404 1.567 1.704 1.235 1.225 2.121 1.599 0.635 0.318 0.327 0.247 1.188 1.137 1.246 1.145 2003 1.326 1.083 1.419 1.701 0.956 0.812 0.772 1.225 1.364 1.423 1.076 1.105 1.302 0.882 0.776 0.799 1.772 1.857 1.339 0.788 1.476 1.454 0.731 0.552 1.35 1.639 1.249 1.5 1.493 1.77 2.108 1.704 0.959 0.663 0.361 0.368 1.677 1.266 1.389 1.544 2004 1.478 1.064 1.794 2.212 1.149 1.305 2.054 3.196 1.686 2.127 0.46 1.482 1.279 0.965 2.379 2.334 1.887 1.856 2.309 3.711 1.386 2.616 1.474 1.222 1.749 1.77 1.555 1.776 1.569 2.024 2.308 1.888 1.458 1.145 0.729 0.791 2.194 1.447 2.121 2.281 2005 0.704 0.547 0.889 0.916 0.517 0.734 1.31 2.037 1.277 1.355 0.451 0.758 0.705 0.421 0.59 0.996 0.958 1.055 1.274 0.962 1.191 1.906 0.614 0.345 1.027 1.108 1.238 1.531 0.965 1.48 0.855 0.632 0.581 0.625 0.461 0.108 0.819 0.529 0.775 1.276 2006 1.02 0.628 1.057 1.77 0.552 0.893 1.918 2.269 1.555 1.412 0.561 0.781 0.825 0.719 0.543 0.652 1.184 1.112 2.06 0.937 1.543 1.474 0.465 0.265 0.965 0.895 0.819 1.222 0.965 1.296 0.921 0.792 0.68 0.642 0.512 0.374 0.937 0.75 0.764 1.452 2007 0.964 0.651 1.228 2.08 0.663 0.993 1.586 1.939 1.741 2.074 0.652 1.133 0.923 0.634 0.883 0.858 1.313 1.538 1.963 0.927 1.542 1.926 0.585 0.459 1.095 1.047 1.019 0.997 1.172 2.009 1.001 0.961 0.786 0.537 0.695 0.465 1.616 0.967 0.868 1.276 2008 1.093 0.688 1.41 2.201 0.517 0.854 1.639 1.985 1.194 1.704 0.886 1.184 1.203 0.753 1.024 1.118 0.85 1.586 1.477 0.49 1.457 2.493 0.157 0.126 1.112 0.972 0.546 0.832 0.931 1.841 1.082 1.04 0.67 0.474 0.569 0.482 1.514 0.737 0.843 1.385 2009 0.404 0.551 0.837 1.194 0.297 0.906 0.77 1.277 0.541 0.872 0.517 0.593 0.559 0.491 0.753 0.472 0.59 1.375 1.366 0.194 1.703 2.068 0.281 0.195 0.843 0.785 0.514 0.614 0.986 1.444 0.824 0.706 0.49 0.402 0.25 0.1 1.101 0.645 0.606 1.102 2010 0.775 0.562 1.091 1.399 0.986 1.31 1.301 1.42 1.98 2.309 0.565 0.818 1.109 0.766 0.782 0.707 0.822 1.674 1.248 0.741 1.733 2.625 0.397 0.555 1.077 1.037 0.558 0.638 0.741 1.883 0.993 1.139 0.702 0.42 0.247 0.198 1.154 0.64 0.734 1.274