# Stevenson - Caddo Gap - PIEC - ITRDB AR076 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17214 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-17214.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ar076-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; ar076-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ar076.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/ar076.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-08-18 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2014-08-18 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Stevenson - Caddo Gap - PIEC - ITRDB AR076 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Stevenson, D.; Lynch, T.B.; Heineman, R.; Holeman, R.; Wilson, D.; Anderson, K.; Guldin, J.M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Douglas J. Stevenson, Thomas B. Lynch, Pradip Saud, Robert Heineman, Randal Holeman, Dennis Wilson, Keith Anderson, Chris Cerny, James M. Guldin # Journal_Name: Dendrochronologia # Published_Title: Winter in the Ouchitas - A severe winter storm signature in Pinus echinata in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 37 # Pages: 107-115 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2016.01.001 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Each year severe winter storms (~ice storms) damage trees throughout the southern USA. Arkansas and Oklahoma have a history of severe winter storms. To extend that history back beyond the reach of written records, a distinctive tree ring pattern or signature is needed. Storm-caused breakage, branch loss and bending stress provide that signature. We found a severe storm signature in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We used three published site chronologies, a set of five new site chronologies from a growth-and-yield study conducted by Oklahoma State University and the unpublished Shortleaf Canyon chronology from a master's thesis at the University of Arkansas. Our method is based on two ring width values for the first and second growing seasons after the storm standardized to the ring widths of the seven growing seasons after the storm. Concordance between storm years predicted by tree ring patterns and actual storm years was tested using Cohen's Kappa. Concern about confounding of ice storm signals by droughts led us to test concordance between severe storms and drought in July, August and September; results were inconclusive but stand as a warning that these two phenomena cannot be distinguished with certainty in the tree ring record. Damaging severe storms occurred in about 2.8% of all years. Two out of three storms identified as "severe" produced glaze icing. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Caddo Gap # Location: Arkansas # Northernmost_Latitude: 34.45 # Southernmost_Latitude: 34.45 # Easternmost_Longitude: -93.5 # Westernmost_Longitude: -93.5 # Elevation_m: 248 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AR076 # First_Year: 1913 # Last_Year: 2009 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Pinus echinata Mill. # Common_Name: shortleaf pine # Tree_Species_Code: PIEC #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## p188t001_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t001; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t002_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t002; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t003_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t003; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t004_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t004; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t007_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t007; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t015_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t015; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t017_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t017; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t020_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t020; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p188t023_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p188t023; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p189t002_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p189t002; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p189t019_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p189t019; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p190t001_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p190t001; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p190t003_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p190t003; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p190t004_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p190t004; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p190t008_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p190t008; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p191t006_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p191t006; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p191t016_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p191t016; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE p188t001_raw p188t002_raw p188t003_raw p188t004_raw p188t007_raw p188t015_raw p188t017_raw p188t020_raw p188t023_raw p189t002_raw p189t019_raw p190t001_raw p190t003_raw p190t004_raw p190t008_raw p191t006_raw p191t016_raw 1913 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.038 NA NA NA NA NA 1914 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.331 NA NA NA NA NA 1915 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.774 NA NA NA NA NA 1916 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.787 NA NA NA NA NA 1917 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.261 NA NA NA NA NA 1918 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.097 NA NA NA NA NA 1919 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.663 NA NA NA NA NA 1920 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.628 NA NA NA NA NA 1921 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.881 NA NA NA NA NA 1922 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.326 NA NA NA NA NA 1923 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.807 NA NA NA NA NA 1924 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.687 NA NA NA NA NA 1925 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.327 NA NA NA NA NA 1926 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.453 NA NA NA NA NA 1927 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.032 NA NA NA NA NA 1928 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.653 NA NA NA NA NA 1929 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.501 NA NA NA NA NA 1930 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.809 NA NA NA NA 0.998 NA NA NA NA NA 1931 NA NA 4.258 NA NA NA 4.401 NA NA NA NA 0.848 NA NA NA NA NA 1932 NA NA 4.375 NA NA NA 3.836 NA NA 3.824 NA 1.035 NA NA NA NA NA 1933 NA NA 5.191 NA NA NA 3.849 NA NA 5.017 NA 1.441 NA NA NA NA NA 1934 NA NA 3.9 NA NA NA 2.897 NA NA 3.56 NA 1.009 NA NA NA NA NA 1935 NA NA 4.672 NA NA NA 4.06 NA NA 5.283 NA 1.139 NA NA NA NA NA 1936 NA NA 2.814 2.505 NA NA 3.379 NA NA 3.476 NA 0.949 NA NA NA NA NA 1937 NA NA 2.281 1.978 NA NA 3.283 NA NA 3.105 NA 1.342 NA NA NA NA NA 1938 NA NA 2.844 4.213 NA NA 2.899 NA NA 3.485 NA 0.713 NA NA NA NA NA 1939 NA NA 2.555 3.178 NA NA 2.764 NA NA 2.651 NA 1.518 NA NA NA NA NA 1940 NA NA 2.912 3.309 NA NA 2.424 NA NA 3.035 NA 1.988 NA NA NA NA NA 1941 NA NA 2.495 3.515 NA NA 2.433 2.858 NA 2.518 NA 2.65 NA 3.258 NA NA NA 1942 2.172 NA 2.324 3.377 5.67 NA 3.025 3.05 NA 2.478 NA 3.025 NA 2.498 NA NA NA 1943 1.372 NA 1.46 2.234 4.548 NA 1.652 1.957 NA 2.038 NA 1.488 NA 1.369 NA NA NA 1944 2.026 NA 2.032 2.774 5.39 NA 2.568 2.119 NA 2.296 NA 1.809 NA 2.279 NA NA NA 1945 2.094 NA 2.297 4.001 5.758 NA 3.537 2.287 NA 3.263 NA 1.965 NA 2.402 NA NA NA 1946 1.614 NA 2.096 2.833 3.107 NA 2.927 2.022 NA 2.431 NA 1.657 NA 1.344 NA NA NA 1947 1.521 2.692 1.505 2.192 3.805 NA 2.204 1.605 NA 1.989 NA 1.761 NA 1.082 NA NA 1.99 1948 1.16 1.739 1.304 2.073 2.035 5.037 2.192 1.31 NA 1.164 NA 1.491 NA 1.14 NA NA 1.68 1949 1.941 3.081 1.814 2.762 2.793 4.841 2.255 1.671 NA 1.068 NA 1.116 NA 2.263 NA NA 1.827 1950 1.871 2.399 1.696 2.715 3.428 5.48 2.888 1.48 NA 1.162 NA 2.51 NA 1.528 NA NA 2.178 1951 1.687 2.243 1.315 2.011 3.775 3.843 2.836 1.588 NA 0.964 NA 1.276 NA 1.653 2.382 NA 2.036 1952 1.225 1.461 0.691 1.455 2.948 2.892 2.203 1.073 NA 0.771 NA 1.436 NA 1.082 1.686 NA 1.62 1953 1.257 1.656 1.144 1.633 2.594 2.64 2.581 1.304 1.972 0.736 NA 1.311 NA 2.027 1.875 NA 1.96 1954 1.026 1.075 0.935 1.415 2.66 1.386 2.136 0.956 1.191 0.425 NA 0.277 NA 1.388 1.491 1.698 1.107 1955 1.669 3.045 1.424 3.266 3.903 3.148 4.162 1.6 2.672 1.292 NA 1.002 NA 2.015 2.197 1.785 1.923 1956 0.976 2.232 0.945 1.672 1.833 2.656 2.185 1.359 1.333 1.279 2.075 1.02 NA 1.169 1.36 1.027 0.974 1957 2.018 4.23 2.003 3.286 4.146 5.427 5.399 2.807 2.978 2.783 5.437 2.429 NA 2.87 2.779 2.298 3.49 1958 2.153 3.943 1.944 3.566 4.84 3.78 3.874 2.797 3.065 2.578 4.994 1.98 NA 2.927 3.047 2.785 3.35 1959 1.471 4.934 2.065 2.972 4 3.554 3.912 3.116 3.547 1.91 4.007 2.545 2.67 2.275 3.413 1.854 3.705 1960 1.189 4.16 1.835 2.508 3.552 3.07 3.753 2.501 3.055 1.231 3.04 1.326 2.727 2.301 2.367 1.897 2.663 1961 1.54 4.169 2.033 2.647 4.567 3.416 3.772 3.38 3.514 2.543 3.464 1.547 3.311 2.574 2.991 2.193 3.458 1962 1.956 3.226 2.178 2.904 3.985 3.192 3.097 2.771 2.941 1.891 4.313 0.968 3.515 3.173 3.082 2.853 3.218 1963 1.782 2.768 1.669 2.13 2.917 2.087 2.805 2.51 2.605 1.583 4.003 0.852 1.915 1.964 1.915 2.178 2.404 1964 1.686 2.729 1.456 1.899 3.386 2.439 2.577 2.609 2.854 1.691 3.481 0.836 2.686 2.379 2.072 1.951 2.579 1965 1.486 2.342 1.104 1.641 2.157 1.15 1.769 1.629 2.697 1.236 1.971 0.805 2.325 1.318 1.31 1.627 2.041 1966 0.949 2.604 1.27 1.9 2.315 1.933 1.825 2.031 2.497 0.917 1.484 1.052 2.503 1.134 2.433 1.548 1.667 1967 1.024 2.278 0.899 1.142 2.024 1.581 2.802 1.633 2.922 0.831 2.784 0.617 2.588 1.452 1.401 1.408 1.19 1968 1.168 2.39 0.947 1.346 2.232 2.011 1.701 1.7 2.872 0.801 2.721 1.285 2.25 1.716 1.853 1.403 0.984 1969 1.112 1.998 1.09 1.856 2.076 2.1 2.258 1.485 1.733 0.659 2.112 1.037 2.812 1.915 1.922 1.668 2.015 1970 1.828 2.321 1.558 2.362 2.868 2.289 2.473 2.311 2.538 1.656 2.466 1.619 2.489 1.378 2.358 2.246 2.116 1971 1.712 2.192 1.244 2.289 2.156 1.136 2.106 1.731 2.253 1.162 3.265 1.255 1.703 1.026 1.841 1.458 2.109 1972 1.26 1.504 1.132 1.655 1.49 1.27 1.484 2.007 2.296 0.87 2.386 0.561 2.211 1.426 1.454 1.617 1.818 1973 2.822 2.187 1.673 2.438 3.015 2.453 2.048 2.293 3.065 1.454 4.423 1.083 3.068 1.964 2.759 1.8 2.218 1974 2.16 2.361 1.623 2.43 2.751 2.052 2.457 2.032 2.276 1.738 3.791 1.169 3.142 2.145 2.319 2.093 2.23 1975 1.802 2.425 1.214 2.092 1.79 2.304 2.017 2.235 2.473 1.18 4.056 0.867 1.961 1.654 2.746 2.694 2.122 1976 0.96 1.468 0.993 2.123 2.196 2.015 2.198 2.201 1.501 1.276 3.326 1.29 1.421 2.084 1.77 2.01 2.255 1977 1.405 1.612 1.181 2.032 1.827 1.529 2.19 2.029 2.667 1.246 2.94 0.863 1.933 2.36 1.721 1.796 1.527 1978 1.019 1.358 0.591 0.976 0.857 0.598 1.134 1.358 2.295 0.344 1.728 0.358 1.307 0.512 0.332 1.159 1.124 1979 1.059 1.182 0.33 0.367 1.198 1.053 0.598 1.467 1.706 0.254 1.377 0.556 1.854 0.678 0.856 1.271 1.161 1980 0.483 0.691 0.326 0.378 0.552 0.759 0.331 0.656 0.636 0.196 0.496 0.447 0.324 0.427 0.492 0.701 0.697 1981 1.147 1.493 0.63 1.22 0.943 1.98 1.378 1.161 2.112 0.41 1.041 0.565 2.214 0.668 0.794 1.557 1.015 1982 1.339 2.498 0.775 1.686 1.263 2.287 1.744 1.92 2.011 0.906 1.74 1.136 3.057 1.164 1.883 2.14 1.769 1983 1.039 1.841 0.804 1.945 1.482 1.686 2.312 1.412 1.981 1.162 2.399 0.803 3.729 1.27 1.86 1.62 2.158 1984 1.657 2.151 1.075 1.532 1.455 2.995 2.269 1.833 2.12 1.006 2.738 0.769 3.082 1.505 2.528 1.692 2.319 1985 1.187 1.703 0.936 1.037 1.034 1.867 1.185 1.604 1.992 0.514 2.824 0.418 2.017 1.067 1.794 1.853 2.176 1986 1.14 1.048 0.893 0.797 1.073 1.144 1.506 1.426 2.298 0.764 1.757 0.903 1.803 1.21 1.416 1.52 1.658 1987 1.307 0.935 0.725 0.955 1.08 0.898 1.577 1.356 1.416 0.377 1.55 0.599 1.405 1.012 1.168 1.994 1.438 1988 1.647 0.83 1.162 1.307 1.235 1.339 2.25 1.242 2.081 1.071 1.445 1.239 2.591 2.316 2.33 2.346 1.502 1989 1.66 2.038 1.21 1.316 1.136 2.074 1.959 1.938 2.728 0.912 1.724 1.564 4.054 2.694 2.586 2.823 3.038 1990 1.682 1.557 1.226 0.721 1.283 1.687 1.936 1.702 2.37 0.895 1.787 1.682 3.719 3.458 3.15 2.418 2.964 1991 1.872 1.345 1.141 0.882 1.449 1.886 1.543 0.987 2.27 0.309 1.176 1.623 2.851 1.585 3.028 2.595 3.036 1992 1.438 1.671 1.295 0.878 1.451 2.011 1.775 1.214 2.235 0.109 0.595 0.842 3.13 2.357 2.737 2.407 3.805 1993 1.137 0.429 1.56 0.733 1.169 1.369 0.898 1.51 2.077 0.127 0.454 0.888 3.949 2.129 2.387 1.745 2.424 1994 1.308 1.183 1.933 1.057 1.38 1.586 1.483 1.949 2.619 0.6 0.511 0.709 5.792 3.305 2.816 3.219 3.387 1995 1.143 0.711 1.69 0.539 1.1 0.642 1.238 2.075 2.7 0.284 0.551 0.391 4.499 3.396 1.356 2.524 2.529 1996 1.496 1.622 1.914 1.13 1.549 1.019 1.514 2.05 2.889 0.681 0.471 1.761 1.663 4.294 3.242 2.812 2.46 1997 1.398 1.812 1.545 1.228 1.187 1.012 1.518 1.419 2.367 0.721 0.763 1.161 2.377 3.309 2.728 2.551 1.797 1998 2.507 3.022 1.892 2.02 2.081 2.323 2.33 1.786 3.31 2.132 1.336 1.255 3.741 3.529 3.439 3.024 1.847 1999 2.05 2.58 1.686 1.576 1.727 2.459 2.495 1.41 2.522 1.414 1.181 0.756 2.863 3.448 2.408 3.568 1.332 2000 1.485 2.322 1.716 1.808 1.729 2.714 2.582 1.795 2.48 1.353 1.011 1.339 3.292 2.219 3.227 3.031 2.009 2001 0.488 0.845 0.358 0.605 0.649 1.375 2.371 1.992 0.918 1.615 0.573 0.204 1.928 0.32 1.431 2.279 1.537 2002 0.507 0.659 0.766 0.761 1.037 1.695 1.956 1.125 0.781 1.453 0.312 0.089 1.473 0.246 2.192 1.785 1.383 2003 0.69 1.448 0.958 1.754 2.712 3.057 2.344 1.755 2.122 1.93 0.695 0.075 3.071 0.482 3.177 2.688 1.447 2004 1.239 2.108 1.531 1.59 2.595 1.973 3.501 1.336 2.005 1.361 1.994 0.199 1.882 0.66 3.332 2.123 1.968 2005 0.661 1.533 1.059 1.424 1.593 2.018 2.241 1.105 1.872 1.328 1.29 0.191 1.455 NA 2.064 1.637 1.368 2006 0.762 1.218 1.565 1.452 1.504 1.997 2.756 1.516 1.978 1.656 1.253 0.195 2.211 NA 2.392 1.587 1.218 2007 1.403 1.673 2.018 2.069 0.759 2.543 3.612 1.194 2.234 1.438 1.312 0.4 2.523 NA 2.528 2.303 1.303 2008 NA NA 1.307 1.299 1.402 1.914 1.811 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2009 NA NA 0.796 1.036 1.728 2.322 1.481 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA