# Stevenson - Cold Springs - PIEC - ITRDB AR077 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/17215 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-17215.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ar077-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; ar077-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ar077.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/ar077.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-08-18 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2014-08-18 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Stevenson - Cold Springs - PIEC - ITRDB AR077 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Stevenson, D.; Lynch, T.B.; Heineman, R.; Holeman, R.; Wilson, D.; Anderson, K.; Guldin, J.M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: NOAA Template Chronology file added 2018-12-20. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2019-02-08. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Douglas J. Stevenson, Thomas B. Lynch, Pradip Saud, Robert Heineman, Randal Holeman, Dennis Wilson, Keith Anderson, Chris Cerny, James M. Guldin # Journal_Name: Dendrochronologia # Published_Title: Winter in the Ouchitas - A severe winter storm signature in Pinus echinata in the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma and Arkansas, USA # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Volume: 37 # Pages: 107-115 # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.dendro.2016.01.001 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Each year severe winter storms (~ice storms) damage trees throughout the southern USA. Arkansas and Oklahoma have a history of severe winter storms. To extend that history back beyond the reach of written records, a distinctive tree ring pattern or signature is needed. Storm-caused breakage, branch loss and bending stress provide that signature. We found a severe storm signature in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). We used three published site chronologies, a set of five new site chronologies from a growth-and-yield study conducted by Oklahoma State University and the unpublished Shortleaf Canyon chronology from a master's thesis at the University of Arkansas. Our method is based on two ring width values for the first and second growing seasons after the storm standardized to the ring widths of the seven growing seasons after the storm. Concordance between storm years predicted by tree ring patterns and actual storm years was tested using Cohen's Kappa. Concern about confounding of ice storm signals by droughts led us to test concordance between severe storms and drought in July, August and September; results were inconclusive but stand as a warning that these two phenomena cannot be distinguished with certainty in the tree ring record. Damaging severe storms occurred in about 2.8% of all years. Two out of three storms identified as "severe" produced glaze icing. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Cold Springs # Location: Arkansas # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.05 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.05 # Easternmost_Longitude: -93.8833 # Westernmost_Longitude: -93.8833 # Elevation_m: 154 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AR077 # First_Year: 1941 # Last_Year: 2008 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Pinus echinata Mill. # Common_Name: shortleaf pine # Tree_Species_Code: PIEC #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## p157t001_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p157t001; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p157t002_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p157t002; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t003_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t003; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t006_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t006; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t010_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t010; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t013_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t013; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t015_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t015; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t016_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t016; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t017_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t017; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t019_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t019; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t022_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t022; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t030_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t030; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p158t038_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p158t038; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p159t001_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p159t001; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p159t003_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p159t003; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p159t020_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p159t020; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t002_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t002; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t008_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t008; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t011_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t011; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t014_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t014; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t022_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t022; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t024_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t024; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## p160t046_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: p160t046; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE p157t001_raw p157t002_raw p158t003_raw p158t006_raw p158t010_raw p158t013_raw p158t015_raw p158t016_raw p158t017_raw p158t019_raw p158t022_raw p158t030_raw p158t038_raw p159t001_raw p159t003_raw p159t020_raw p160t002_raw p160t008_raw p160t011_raw p160t014_raw p160t022_raw p160t024_raw p160t046_raw 1941 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.872 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1942 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.444 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1943 NA NA NA NA 6.72 NA 1.258 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1944 NA NA NA NA 6.949 3.927 2.487 8.199 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.72 NA 1945 NA NA 5.324 NA 5.939 7.478 5.312 10.194 NA NA NA 3.547 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.905 NA NA 5.428 NA 1946 NA NA 7.937 5.445 3.856 4.871 5.111 7.991 NA NA NA 6.416 NA NA NA NA NA 4.87 6.793 NA NA 3.736 NA 1947 NA 5.769 3.628 4.936 4.431 3.771 4.563 6.797 NA 6.063 NA 4.301 NA NA 4.501 4.163 NA 4.16 2.387 NA 3.791 3.469 NA 1948 NA 10.097 6.221 6.576 3.87 4.224 4.5 7.602 4.293 7.888 NA 6.075 NA NA 7.554 5.595 NA 4.559 3.171 NA 5.662 4.497 NA 1949 6.456 5.72 5.828 5.793 4.095 3.368 2.694 5.983 4.238 4.507 3.439 4.258 NA NA 6.222 4.52 NA 4.001 1.967 9.535 3.733 3.414 NA 1950 6.857 6.701 5.899 7.086 4.144 3.889 3.182 3.538 4.773 5.181 4.644 3.764 6.862 NA 6.479 5.628 NA 4.449 2.542 9.829 4.897 3.824 NA 1951 6.423 5.243 4.742 5.203 3.38 3.668 2.501 3.523 3.243 3.78 2.924 2.694 6.902 NA 5.408 4.15 NA 3.271 1.472 5.442 3.84 3.994 5.371 1952 4.794 2.906 3.166 3.58 2.622 2.479 2.196 2.832 3.056 2.674 3.363 1.813 4.134 NA 2.965 3.813 1.436 2.243 1.252 4.991 2.656 2.83 3.88 1953 4.449 4.289 2.984 3.245 1.578 2.62 2.572 2.973 2.517 2.736 3.189 1.307 3.441 NA 2.8 3.069 3.52 2.616 1.652 4.263 2.963 2.887 3.577 1954 3.423 4.157 1.823 2.116 2.096 1.493 1.197 1.667 1.757 2.395 2.128 1.005 2.777 1.995 1.508 1.959 2.597 2.264 1.141 3.723 1.343 2.615 2.028 1955 3.829 4.671 2.189 2.084 2.576 1.488 2.153 1.846 1.891 2.423 2.37 1.401 2.934 1.971 2.492 2.155 2.754 3.048 1.484 3.474 1.719 3.85 3.575 1956 3.15 3.264 1.17 1.014 1.445 1.068 0.872 0.964 1.167 1.176 1.073 0.688 2.421 1.407 0.878 1.413 1.454 1.472 0.836 2.929 0.618 2.223 1.392 1957 4.66 5.996 2.703 2.525 2.828 2.649 2.373 2.493 1.516 2.936 3.534 1.953 3.879 3.057 2.289 2.989 2.47 3.681 2.017 3.644 2.109 4.798 2.791 1958 3.898 3.73 2.566 1.927 3.497 2.278 2.006 2.192 0.698 1.943 2.327 1.671 3.303 2.749 1.93 2.39 2.171 2.859 1.825 4.122 2.264 3.664 2.523 1959 4.802 4.622 2.278 1.746 2.994 1.626 1.379 1.681 1.498 1.861 1.68 1.607 2.716 2.874 1.332 2.344 2.273 2.266 1.022 3.555 1.783 3.317 2.523 1960 3.94 3.007 1.705 1.549 1.549 1.329 1.167 0.936 1.439 1.476 1.22 1.141 2.269 2.133 1.461 2.053 1.922 2.316 0.967 3.023 1.839 2.567 2.032 1961 5.245 3.713 2.051 1.596 2.363 2.082 1.617 1.764 1.132 1.781 1.699 1.896 3.238 2.563 1.613 2.944 1.879 2.694 1.392 3.54 2.617 4.308 2.505 1962 4.915 3.823 1.933 1.716 2.524 2.528 1.665 1.431 0.813 1.978 1.277 1.591 2.839 2.499 1.244 2.536 1.836 2.639 1.434 3.447 2.332 3.423 2.209 1963 3.236 1.423 0.892 0 1.474 1.006 0.859 0.919 1.369 0.831 0.759 0.844 1.146 1.251 0.729 1.451 1.898 1.421 0.734 1.886 1.573 1.932 1.155 1964 2.934 1.055 0.879 0.755 0.857 0.884 0.765 0.59 1.597 1.02 0.638 0.618 1.431 1.212 1.034 1.133 1.465 1.356 0.859 1.22 1.534 2.083 1.621 1965 2.689 1.582 0.99 0.583 1.059 1.441 1.172 0.663 0.534 0.826 0.813 0.612 2.336 1.096 1.522 1.1 1.381 1.391 1.14 1.342 1.224 2.747 1.379 1966 4.274 2.932 0.93 1.231 1.982 1.681 1.258 1.821 0.168 1.105 1.063 0.856 2.944 1.586 1.206 2.027 1.584 1.823 1.182 2.225 1.436 2.866 1.703 1967 4.724 1.683 1.326 1.158 2.072 1.888 1.739 1.081 0.231 0.992 1.297 1.056 2.776 1.592 1.22 2.229 1.834 1.759 1.118 2.857 1.745 3.054 2.296 1968 4.367 1.905 1.357 1.047 2.13 1.511 1.744 1.701 0.679 1.426 1.453 1.223 3.168 1.914 1.255 1.918 1.812 1.935 1.105 3.205 1.727 3.362 1.724 1969 4.004 2.154 1.183 1.218 2.887 1.749 1.418 1.679 0.818 1.428 1.611 1.116 2.71 2.013 1.317 1.825 1.649 2.137 1.112 2.243 1.463 2.8 1.504 1970 3.246 1.379 0.863 0.989 2.057 1.483 0.798 1.174 0.733 1.382 1.411 1.219 2.043 1.508 1 1.656 1.287 1.541 1.041 2.741 1.33 2.32 1.316 1971 3.564 0.719 0.941 1.347 1.545 2.133 1.154 1.385 0.944 1.597 1.418 1.167 2.25 1.312 1.052 2.014 1.323 1.35 0.885 2.561 1.523 2.131 1.455 1972 2.66 0.462 1.044 0.67 1.157 1.303 0.981 0.663 0.68 0.861 0.707 0.821 2.397 0.87 0.454 1.674 0.996 0.482 0.829 2.07 0.903 2.112 0.861 1973 3.913 0.302 1.868 1.118 2.773 2.578 3.107 1.908 0.596 1.829 1.687 1.28 3.691 2.139 1.537 2.235 1.698 1.352 1.053 4.387 1.623 4.695 1.934 1974 3.383 2.085 1.072 0.818 2.872 3.044 2.356 2.534 0.142 2.034 1.347 1.082 2.411 0.967 1.408 1.808 1.735 1.513 0.779 2.724 1.272 2.363 1.565 1975 2.772 1.579 1.228 0.831 2.542 2.696 2.142 2.451 0.595 1.934 1.126 1.045 2.379 1.231 0.277 2.114 1.357 1.382 0.908 3.43 1.856 2.391 1.791 1976 1.472 1.245 0.204 0.311 0.945 0.92 0.698 0.801 0.553 0.79 0.571 0.594 0.783 0.5 0.284 0.909 0.589 0.63 0.377 0.899 0.848 1.075 0.811 1977 1.751 0.239 0.185 0.325 1.039 0.945 0.853 0.719 0.966 0.585 0.982 0.615 1.227 0.564 0.216 1.101 0.638 0.472 0.483 1.074 0.982 1.074 1.121 1978 1.138 0.314 0.104 0.529 0.808 0.717 0.573 0.748 0.532 0.629 0.802 0.179 1.688 0.461 0.086 1.029 0.611 0.754 0.34 0.693 0.48 1.077 0.695 1979 2.176 1.927 0.568 0.499 1.948 1.507 1.658 1.77 0.217 1.181 1.434 0.786 3.352 1.324 1.009 1.842 1.043 0.331 1.088 1.872 0.985 1.647 1.384 1980 1.1 0.43 0.212 0.45 0.755 0.586 0.47 0.766 0.278 0.387 0.985 0.603 1.098 0.598 0.503 0.661 0.333 0.456 0.542 0.73 0.385 0.81 0.571 1981 3.119 1.984 0.57 0.506 1.271 0.658 0.843 1.42 0.338 1.145 1.878 1.146 2.552 1.225 1.589 1.464 0.723 0.57 0.837 1.751 1.294 2.095 1.026 1982 1.861 1.026 0.256 0.445 1.203 0.821 0.886 1.854 0.284 1.698 1.663 0.952 2.246 1.445 1.357 1.541 0.54 0.998 1.432 1.903 0.831 1.912 0.877 1983 2.947 1.105 0.37 0.46 1.4 1.75 1.674 1.604 0.713 2.087 2.282 1.386 2.763 1.686 2.018 2.344 0.874 0.98 0.626 2.017 1.497 1.685 1.517 1984 2.528 1.638 0.264 0.491 1.284 1.361 1.618 1.483 0.564 1.462 1.744 0.788 2.145 1.312 1.448 1.664 0.525 0.444 0.396 1.902 1.169 1.597 0.958 1985 1.758 1.905 0.246 0.485 1.445 1.229 1 2.01 0.603 1.68 2.238 0.933 2.075 1.677 1.575 1.838 0.609 0.859 0.393 1.648 1.224 2.089 1.064 1986 2.669 1.494 0.271 0.221 0.909 1.331 1.344 1.606 0.653 1.777 2.536 1.245 2.866 2.057 1.654 2.016 0.696 1.109 0.533 1.408 1.145 2.14 1.225 1987 4.201 3.032 0.685 0.215 1.847 1.827 1.844 1.867 0.829 2.147 2.141 1.279 2.864 2.941 1.916 2.362 0.728 0.596 0.353 1.313 1.184 1.836 1.555 1988 3.106 2.755 0.591 0.18 1.569 1.227 1.848 1.635 0.854 1.501 2.574 1.243 2.633 2.922 1.517 2.092 0.695 0.854 0.42 1.364 1.07 1.72 1.508 1989 3.993 3.349 0.712 0.147 2.259 1.689 1.586 1.298 0.824 2.214 3.203 1.628 2.834 3.258 1.766 3.09 1.133 0.335 0.561 2.372 1.216 2.448 1.489 1990 4.261 2.616 0.498 0.216 1.539 1.653 0.784 2.186 0.556 1.86 2.507 1.602 2.647 2.936 1.423 2.498 1.007 0.11 0.453 1.741 0.661 2.114 0.917 1991 3.543 2.506 0.594 0.202 1.099 1.791 1.103 2.09 0.7 2.015 2.297 1.254 2.596 2.901 1.742 2.92 0.824 0.155 0.235 1.2 0.773 2.124 1.19 1992 2.979 2.264 0.593 0.179 1.428 1.559 0.966 1.43 0.558 1.974 2.195 0.753 1.999 3.17 1.289 2.519 0.879 0.191 0.133 0.888 0.733 1.884 0.853 1993 2.329 2.167 0.428 0.149 0.916 1.051 0.534 1.706 0.398 1.454 2.316 1.023 1.919 2.343 1.113 1.737 0.901 0.463 0.184 0.993 0.926 1.675 0.506 1994 4.082 4.266 0.483 0.258 1.819 1.875 0.786 2.792 0.911 2.002 2.831 1.76 2.224 2.984 1.142 2.421 1.557 0.343 0.357 1.943 1.261 2.433 0.99 1995 3.461 3.234 0.496 NA 1.962 1.796 1.099 1.082 0.764 1.864 2.443 1.12 1.502 3.136 0.934 2.173 1.071 0.561 0.597 1.775 0.754 1.875 0.89 1996 3.991 4.401 0.635 NA 1.804 2.159 1.705 1.717 0.774 1.968 3.302 1.427 2.652 3.061 1.292 2.6 1.286 0.647 0.23 2.245 0.578 2.181 1.031 1997 1.818 2.302 0.374 NA 1.226 1.818 1.188 1.134 0.883 1.547 1.856 1.244 1.508 2.009 0.935 1.5 1 0.389 0.206 1.025 0.55 1.81 0.775 1998 2.036 2.929 0.612 NA 1.342 1.627 1.779 1.331 0.942 1.805 2.279 1.251 1.29 2.022 1.924 2.239 1.707 0.548 0.223 1.16 0.671 1.922 0.89 1999 2.873 3.74 0.594 NA 1.418 1.696 1.715 1.61 0.82 1.815 2.774 1.288 1.713 2.598 1.663 2.141 1.339 0.268 0.433 1.798 0.829 1.832 0.919 2000 2.03 3.193 0.46 NA 1.052 1.383 1.893 1.27 1.021 1.549 1.94 1.355 1.228 2.243 1.298 2.566 0.946 0.288 0.244 1.181 0.327 1.712 0.719 2001 2.156 2.226 0 NA 0.857 0.918 0.885 0.803 0.278 0.687 1.751 0.716 0.913 1.336 0.64 1.028 0.932 0.244 0.145 0.626 0.177 0.288 0.217 2002 1.265 1.916 0.231 NA 0.685 1.219 0.673 0.666 0.301 0.793 1.537 1.412 1.337 1.674 0.711 1.581 1.053 0.122 0.146 1.149 0.451 0.233 0.27 2003 1.255 3.192 0.204 NA 0.594 1.066 0.619 0.89 0.519 0.96 1.204 1.794 0.856 1.714 1.08 1.059 0.961 0.144 0.288 0.928 0.256 0.698 0.237 2004 2.104 3.134 0.48 NA 0.962 1.152 1.164 0.428 0.391 0.961 1.518 2.722 1.598 2.388 2.028 1.702 1.431 0.138 0.384 0.995 0.471 1.213 0.36 2005 2.027 3.549 0.307 NA 0.862 1.15 0.935 0.811 0.574 1.473 1.703 3.038 1.752 2.395 1.537 1.499 1.705 0.184 0.355 1.121 0.31 1.015 0.374 2006 2.268 NA 0.441 NA 0.858 1.229 1.339 0.602 0.453 1.645 2.056 2.581 1.296 2.233 1.824 1.165 1.685 NA 0.22 2.2 0.288 0.728 0.299 2007 3.048 NA 0.402 NA 0.922 1.35 1.227 0.953 0.546 1.87 1.418 4.135 2.056 2.632 1.771 1.08 1.33 NA 0.51 1.456 0.324 1.472 0.273 2008 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.823 NA 0.549 1.067 0.676 2.305 0.413