# Peltier - Southwest Ecological Memory Project Site A2 - PPTR - ITRDB AZ611 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/35494 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-35494.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/az611-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; az611-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/az611.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/az611.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2022-01-31 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-01-31 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Peltier - Southwest Ecological Memory Project Site A2 - PPTR - ITRDB AZ611 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Peltier, D.M.P.(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-9055); Yocom, L.L.; Nguyen, P.; Bangs, M.; Wilson, M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: These tree ring data were collected to assess the climate memory of tree growth around the southwestern US in "ecologically sampled" trees. Trees were from a range of size classes and vigors, but were all dominant or co-dominant. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2022-04-04. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Drew M.P. Peltier, Jessica Guo, Phiyen Nguyen, Michael Bangs, Michelle Wilson, Kimberly Samuels-Crow, Larissa L. Yocom, Yao Liu, Michael K. Fell, John D. Shaw, David Auty, Christopher Schwalm, William R.L. Anderegg, George W. Koch, Marcy E. Litvak, Kiona Ogle # Journal_Name: Tree Physiology # Published_Title: Temperature memory and non-structural carbohydrates mediate legacies of a hot drought in trees across the southwestern USA # Published_Date_or_Year: 2022 # Volume: 42 # Pages: 71-85 # Issue: 1 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab091 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Trees are long-lived organisms that integrate climate conditions across years or decades to produce secondary growth. This integration process is sometimes referred to as 'climatic memory.' While widely perceived, the physiological processes underlying this temporal integration, such as the storage and remobilization of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), are rarely explicitly studied. This is perhaps most apparent when considering drought legacies (perturbed post-drought growth responses to climate), and the physiological mechanisms underlying these lagged responses to climatic extremes. Yet, drought legacies are likely to become more common if warming climate brings more frequent drought. To quantify the linkages between drought legacies, climate memory and NSC, we measured tree growth (via tree ring widths) and NSC concentrations in three dominant species across the southwestern USA. We analyzed these data with a hierarchical mixed effects model to evaluate the time-scales of influence of past climate (memory) on tree growth. We then evaluated the role of climate memory and the degree to which variation in NSC concentrations were related to forward-predicted growth during the hot 2011-2012 drought and subsequent 4-year recovery period. Populus tremuloides exhibited longer climatic memory compared to either Pinus edulis or Juniperus osteosperma, but following the 2011-2012 drought, P. tremuloides trees with relatively longer memory of temperature conditions showed larger (more negative) drought legacies. Conversely, Pinus edulis trees with longer temperature memory had smaller (less negative) drought legacies. For both species, higher NSC concentrations followed more negative (larger) drought legacies, though the relevant NSC fraction differed between P. tremuloides and P. edulis. Our results suggest that differences in tree NSC are also imprinted upon tree growth responses to climate across long time scales, which also underlie tree resilience to increasingly frequent drought events under climate change. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1458867, 1643245 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Southwest Ecological Memory Project Site A2 # Location: Arizona # Northernmost_Latitude: 36.4 # Southernmost_Latitude: 36.4 # Easternmost_Longitude: -112.2 # Westernmost_Longitude: -112.2 # Elevation_m: 2781 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AZ611 # First_Year: 1882 # Last_Year: 2016 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Populus tremuloides Michx. # Common_Name: quaking aspen # Tree_Species_Code: PPTR #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## AZA0201A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0201A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0201C_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0201C; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0202B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0202B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0202C_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0202C; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0203A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0203A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0203C_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0203C; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0204A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0204A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0204B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0204B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0205C_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0205C; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0205A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0205A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0206A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0206A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0206B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0206B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0207A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0207A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0207B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0207B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0208A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0208A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0208B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0208B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0209A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0209A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0209B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0209B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0210B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0210B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0210A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0210A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0211B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0211B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0212A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0212A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0212B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0212B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0213B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0213B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0213A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0213A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AZA0215A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AZA0215A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE AZA0201A_raw AZA0201C_raw AZA0202B_raw AZA0202C_raw AZA0203A_raw AZA0203C_raw AZA0204A_raw AZA0204B_raw AZA0205C_raw AZA0205A_raw AZA0206A_raw AZA0206B_raw AZA0207A_raw AZA0207B_raw AZA0208A_raw AZA0208B_raw AZA0209A_raw AZA0209B_raw AZA0210B_raw AZA0210A_raw AZA0211B_raw AZA0212A_raw AZA0212B_raw AZA0213B_raw AZA0213A_raw AZA0215A_raw 1882 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.922 NA NA NA 1883 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.831 NA NA NA 1884 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.343 NA NA NA 1885 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.395 NA NA NA 1886 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.072 NA NA NA 1887 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.269 NA NA NA 1888 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.981 NA NA NA 1889 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.336 NA NA NA 1890 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.798 NA NA NA NA 2.151 NA NA NA 1891 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.353 NA NA NA NA 2.297 NA NA NA 1892 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.41 NA NA 1.631 NA NA NA 2.855 2.253 NA NA NA 1893 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.883 NA NA 2.052 NA NA 1.271 2.175 2.171 NA NA NA 1894 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.045 NA 2.058 2.199 NA NA 1.262 1.223 1.44 NA NA NA 1895 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.224 NA 2.032 2.392 NA NA 1.737 2.377 2.993 NA NA NA 1896 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.882 NA 1.971 2.242 NA NA 1.17 1.582 1.552 NA NA NA 1897 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.395 NA 1.779 1.755 NA NA 1.347 1.822 2.139 NA NA NA 1898 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.758 1.277 NA 1.789 1.903 NA NA 1.451 1.954 2.496 NA NA NA 1899 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.723 1.898 1.671 1.265 2.061 2.166 NA NA 1.634 1.741 2.538 NA NA NA 1900 NA 1.053 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.461 1.106 1.53 1.649 1.612 1.614 NA NA 1.546 2.34 3.077 NA NA NA 1901 NA 0.932 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.691 1.518 1.539 1.381 2.067 2.456 NA NA 2.034 1.768 1.897 NA NA NA 1902 NA 0.61 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.193 0.791 0.883 0.959 0.951 0.922 NA NA 1.145 1.412 1.661 NA NA NA 1903 NA 0.702 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.263 0.919 1.15 1.355 1.294 1.4 NA NA 1.184 1.846 2.09 NA NA NA 1904 NA 0.239 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.196 0.745 0.479 0.498 0.795 0.955 NA NA 0.78 1.163 1.593 NA NA NA 1905 NA 0.904 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.519 1.176 0.779 0.7 1.144 1.039 NA NA 1.102 1.495 1.724 NA NA NA 1906 NA 1.145 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.256 1.483 1.009 0.972 1.658 1.622 NA NA 1.618 1.727 2.251 NA NA NA 1907 NA 1.545 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.876 1.331 1.241 1.31 1.53 1.381 NA NA 1.063 1.246 2.655 NA NA NA 1908 NA 1.928 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.783 2.042 1.87 1.802 1.699 1.861 NA NA 1.159 1.755 2.688 NA NA NA 1909 NA 1.589 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.802 1.696 1.243 1.255 1.431 1.674 NA NA 1.335 2.184 3.304 NA NA NA 1910 NA 0.94 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.437 1.327 0.833 0.969 1.281 1.409 NA NA 1.016 1.276 2.314 NA NA NA 1911 NA 0.953 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.192 1.233 0.934 0.908 1.126 1.312 NA 0.842 0.668 0.874 1.187 NA NA NA 1912 NA 1.275 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.679 1.593 1.468 1.692 1.983 2.01 NA 1.264 1.325 1.678 2.396 NA NA NA 1913 NA 1.218 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.779 1.061 1.436 1.605 1.229 1.42 NA 1.166 1.127 1.576 2.428 NA NA NA 1914 NA 1.22 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.567 1.072 1.553 1.615 1.622 1.55 NA 0.802 0.936 1.5 2.184 NA NA NA 1915 NA 0.736 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.26 0.949 1.41 1.511 1.003 0.945 NA 0.712 0.579 1.045 2.173 NA NA NA 1916 NA 0.909 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.321 0.776 1.146 1.025 1.219 1.171 NA 0.875 0.54 1.433 2.097 NA NA NA 1917 NA 1.127 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.641 1.211 1.503 1.324 1.658 1.404 NA 1.112 0.719 1.184 1.583 NA NA NA 1918 NA 0.899 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.819 1.192 1.537 1.452 1.147 1.237 NA 0.774 0.529 0.891 1.294 NA NA NA 1919 NA 1.014 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.518 0.575 2.116 2.015 1.577 1.529 NA 1.056 0.959 1.321 2.135 NA NA NA 1920 0.952 0.921 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.773 1.613 1.288 1.15 0.907 1.065 NA 1.006 0.955 1.487 1.944 NA NA NA 1921 0.909 1.013 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.735 1.488 1.412 1.369 1.308 1.531 NA 1.176 0.959 1.568 2.073 NA NA NA 1922 0.9 0.891 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.826 1.245 0.843 0.845 0.98 0.984 NA 0.879 0.693 1.247 1.417 NA NA NA 1923 1.257 1.295 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.353 1.57 1.305 1.17 1.425 1.452 NA 1.468 0.824 1.43 2.085 NA NA NA 1924 0.719 0.793 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.025 1.457 1.071 0.964 1.036 0.909 NA 0.935 0.762 1.413 1.498 NA NA NA 1925 0.966 0.801 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.59 1.132 1.579 1.383 1.289 1.176 NA 0.949 0.703 0.933 1.108 NA NA NA 1926 0.576 0.56 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.054 0.765 0.822 0.795 0.609 0.544 NA 0.632 0.66 0.653 0.9 NA NA NA 1927 1.106 0.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.281 0.784 1.024 0.928 0.771 0.704 NA 0.883 0.773 1.118 0.85 NA NA NA 1928 0.756 0.563 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.376 0.984 0.951 0.799 0.651 0.599 NA 0.847 0.637 0.866 1.061 NA NA NA 1929 0.94 0.76 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.229 1.055 1.168 1.102 0.801 1.117 NA 0.926 0.451 1.262 1.047 1.155 NA NA 1930 1.092 0.554 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.212 0.964 0.825 0.806 0.874 0.901 NA 0.987 0.52 1.177 1.23 0.983 NA NA 1931 0.699 0.259 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.744 0.793 0.667 0.725 0.584 0.546 NA 0.593 0.383 0.555 0.516 0.694 NA NA 1932 1.234 0.527 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.127 1.157 0.9 1.03 0.765 0.693 NA 0.97 0.535 0.707 0.68 0.957 NA NA 1933 1.066 0.699 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.408 0.945 0.78 0.747 0.523 0.569 NA 0.842 0.479 0.548 0.672 1.138 NA NA 1934 0.924 0.222 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.948 0.562 0.464 0.473 0.55 0.508 NA 0.572 0.631 0.283 0.276 0.213 NA NA 1935 0.526 0.344 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.641 0.5 0.584 0.595 0.73 0.642 NA 0.439 0.575 0.703 0.428 0.768 NA NA 1936 0.365 0.173 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.39 0.257 0.59 0.609 0.425 0.384 NA 0.385 0.366 0.245 0.22 0.61 NA NA 1937 0.61 0.494 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.121 0.466 0.752 0.775 0.667 0.465 NA 0.241 0.408 0.177 0.358 0.611 0.705 NA 1938 1.031 0.681 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.402 0.99 0.895 1.014 0.981 1.138 NA 0.352 0.977 0.391 0.115 0.718 0.812 NA 1939 0.568 0.603 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.076 0.894 0.431 0.457 0.486 0.477 NA 0.508 0.598 0.552 0.462 0.559 0.693 NA 1940 0.468 0.401 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.889 0.683 0.704 0.763 0.411 0.393 NA 0.386 0.583 0.411 0.354 0.347 0.455 NA 1941 0.902 0.66 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.128 1.097 0.947 0.887 0.729 0.746 NA 0.43 0.341 0.403 0.645 0.557 0.518 NA 1942 0.481 0.602 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.119 0.888 0.866 0.866 0.875 0.818 NA 0.339 0.527 0.398 0.47 0.264 0.569 NA 1943 0.328 0.284 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.477 0.374 0.743 0.565 0.457 0.446 NA 0.329 0.313 0.328 0.229 0.721 0.54 NA 1944 0.054 0.059 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.184 0.081 0.662 0.794 0.214 0.29 NA 0.143 0.261 0.245 0.256 0.313 0.217 NA 1945 0.406 0.136 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.231 0.097 0.82 0.718 0.672 0.702 NA 0.195 0.36 0.256 0.299 0.228 0.314 NA 1946 0.167 0.395 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.455 0.356 1.204 1.13 0.688 0.746 NA 0.363 0.387 0.458 0.619 0.359 0.515 NA 1947 0.487 0.387 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.959 0.528 1.352 1.192 0.867 0.815 NA 0.403 0.448 0.338 0.394 0.741 0.789 NA 1948 0.293 0.244 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.784 0.475 0.638 0.853 0.644 0.693 NA 0.308 0.484 0.389 0.446 0.412 0.338 NA 1949 0.238 0.235 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.52 0.302 0.879 0.817 0.696 0.73 NA 0.272 0.324 0.356 0.13 0.26 0.483 NA 1950 0.529 0.44 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.242 NA 0.88 0.454 1.028 1.202 1.088 0.989 NA 0.183 0.459 0.316 0.465 0.537 0.429 NA 1951 0.271 0.239 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.226 NA 0.579 0.398 0.752 0.764 0.772 0.722 NA 0.341 0.243 0.312 0.232 0.491 0.669 NA 1952 0.78 0.378 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.166 NA 0.611 0.429 0.749 0.76 0.671 0.455 NA 0.464 0.347 0.421 0.357 0.46 0.532 NA 1953 0.466 0.371 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.348 NA 0.36 0.358 0.84 0.941 0.814 0.696 NA 0.431 0.492 0.43 0.498 0.309 0.377 NA 1954 0.307 0.162 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.227 NA 0.313 0.225 0.857 0.78 0.914 0.603 NA 0.292 0.284 0.308 0.323 0.331 0.403 NA 1955 0.281 0.147 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.158 NA 0.242 0.192 0.861 0.693 0.541 0.444 NA 0.183 0.422 0.234 0.375 0.276 0.298 NA 1956 0.557 0.33 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.169 NA 0.802 0.871 1.118 1.152 1.169 0.85 NA 0.292 0.503 0.418 0.519 0.823 0.843 NA 1957 0.736 0.494 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.233 NA 0.775 0.696 0.95 0.935 1.1 1.22 NA 0.503 0.698 0.436 0.419 0.679 0.688 NA 1958 0.371 0.336 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.13 NA 0.748 0.626 1.064 1.017 0.77 0.849 NA 0.378 0.503 0.336 0.689 0.918 0.802 NA 1959 0.392 0.27 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.242 NA 0.902 0.541 1.13 0.998 0.827 0.772 NA 0.331 0.596 0.398 0.306 0.537 0.442 NA 1960 0.796 1.099 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.266 NA 1.281 0.917 0.976 0.849 0.886 0.885 0.111 1.4 0.641 0.291 0.798 1.516 1.693 0.526 1961 1.02 1.524 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.273 0.661 0.931 0.95 1.202 1.03 0.759 0.829 0.21 0.574 0.677 0.679 0.532 1.465 1.734 0.394 1962 0.12 0.356 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.136 0.347 0.289 0.592 1.183 1.017 0.632 0.546 0.213 0.359 0.106 0.52 0.536 1.204 1.673 0.315 1963 1.135 0.943 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.227 0.304 1.078 0.862 0.652 0.487 0.496 0.425 0.267 0.293 0.401 0.304 0.299 1.478 1.867 0.812 1964 0.22 0.289 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.282 0.036 0.126 0.207 0.225 0.305 0.227 0.087 0.059 0.142 0.166 0.261 0.284 0.231 0.326 0.474 0.358 1965 1.08 0.834 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.506 0.256 0.087 0.325 0.473 1.075 0.894 0.535 0.471 0.429 0.401 0.595 0.48 0.351 0.856 0.955 0.375 1966 2.106 1.716 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.45 0.583 0.577 1.741 1.228 1.405 1.372 0.683 0.516 0.814 0.44 0.474 0.342 0.239 1.107 1.452 1.217 1967 1.987 2.035 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.348 0.66 1.512 2.115 1.778 1.603 1.477 0.991 0.914 1.052 0.689 0.606 0.433 0.318 1.456 1.884 1.112 1968 2.557 2.038 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.869 0.504 0.813 1.213 2.215 1.87 1.791 1.597 0.525 0.375 1.291 0.602 0.515 0.535 0.338 2.28 1.743 1.407 1969 2.841 2.181 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.184 0.527 0.505 1.152 2.331 2.373 2.561 2.512 1.266 0.864 1.753 1.453 0.786 0.325 0.462 1.945 1.895 1.094 1970 2.684 2.005 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.864 0.396 0.446 1.255 1.79 1.778 1.874 1.801 0.917 0.83 1.511 1.231 0.837 0.675 0.604 1.34 1.255 1.365 1971 2.246 1.576 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.481 0.199 0.309 0.739 1.424 1.079 2.013 2.039 0.725 0.662 0.861 0.954 0.511 0.299 0.43 1.145 1.009 0.419 1972 2.565 1.175 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.389 0.1 0.362 0.692 0.897 0.568 1.99 1.369 0.837 0.63 0.504 0.599 0.385 0.208 0.283 0.654 0.548 0.369 1973 1.946 1.645 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.501 0.314 0.27 0.732 1.505 1.078 1.916 1.541 0.998 0.979 1.003 0.785 0.428 0.329 0.252 0.759 0.917 0.994 1974 1.732 1.701 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.448 0.203 0.349 0.743 1.589 1.072 1.546 1.254 1.101 1.002 0.878 0.566 0.2 0.296 0.382 0.715 0.711 0.501 1975 1.994 0.951 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.174 0.109 0.201 0.597 1.343 0.652 1.886 1.266 1.15 1.05 0.762 0.501 0.305 0.182 0.459 0.657 0.615 0.604 1976 0.307 0.232 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.176 0.133 0.106 0.435 0.341 0.176 0.501 0.367 0.224 0.204 0.24 0.202 0.086 0.09 0.036 0.152 0.3 0.222 1977 0.221 0.101 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.098 0.04 0.064 0.151 0.145 0.145 0.288 0.247 0.123 0.087 0.131 0.133 0.09 0.062 0.033 0.073 0.055 0.041 1978 0.979 0.498 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.094 0.036 0.104 0.158 0.747 0.396 0.942 0.734 0.397 0.496 0.423 0.09 0.235 0.063 0.046 0.116 0.212 0.244 1979 1.231 1.105 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.127 0.06 0.128 0.284 0.768 0.518 1.024 1.019 0.639 0.514 0.9 0.32 0.392 0.062 0.094 0.531 0.593 0.25 1980 1.361 1.085 NA NA NA NA 0.58 NA 0.139 0.159 0.324 0.348 0.592 0.751 0.984 0.986 0.589 0.63 1.015 0.457 0.308 0.099 0.243 0.553 0.524 0.317 1981 1.472 1.14 NA 0.512 NA 1.842 0.817 NA 0.087 0.112 0.044 0.058 0.306 0.284 1.017 0.947 0.448 0.367 0.526 0.227 0.236 0.209 0.223 0.293 0.313 0.231 1982 1.405 1.443 NA 1.599 NA 1.587 0.946 NA 0.196 0.125 0.277 0.356 0.414 0.342 0.87 0.923 0.151 0.308 0.717 0.203 0.072 0.142 0.107 0.355 0.461 0.187 1983 1.643 1.659 NA 1.342 NA 2.261 0.981 NA 0.207 0.208 0.497 0.445 0.891 0.608 0.895 0.853 0.425 0.385 0.956 0.253 0.082 0.117 0.096 0.695 0.668 0.411 1984 2.098 2.039 1.47 1.153 NA 2.146 2.634 NA 0.893 1.081 0.875 1.115 1.353 0.787 1.122 1.197 0.66 0.622 1.083 0.333 0.107 0.074 0.096 1.349 1.105 0.37 1985 2.711 2.518 1.491 1.734 NA 2.961 3.022 NA 1.035 1.751 1.559 1.564 1.361 1.386 1.269 1.095 0.6 0.594 0.938 0.261 0.259 0.192 0.075 1.691 1.471 0.431 1986 2.406 2.006 2.302 2.511 NA 3.455 3.144 NA 1.808 2.969 1.115 0.996 0.951 0.624 1.311 1.241 0.48 0.517 1.404 0.445 0.228 0.202 0.115 2.167 2.49 0.461 1987 2.57 1.998 2.131 2.501 3.317 4.089 3.767 3.927 2.287 2.949 1.41 1.305 0.857 0.558 1.756 1.653 0.474 0.452 1.352 0.607 0.308 0.288 0.179 2.257 2.314 0.564 1988 1.737 1.247 2.807 2.462 4.353 4.395 3.782 4.637 1.782 1.954 1.247 0.585 0.827 0.383 1.669 1.133 0.486 0.599 1.298 0.906 0.151 0.174 0.374 0.814 0.779 0.917 1989 1.868 1.157 2.168 1.689 5.064 4.103 3.22 3.734 2.277 2.263 1.265 1.213 0.294 0.173 1.055 1.282 0.305 0.263 1.62 1.443 0.195 0.261 0.397 1.778 1.655 0.647 1990 2.239 2.55 2.866 2.452 4.821 3.597 3.668 4.153 3.085 2.577 2.545 2.34 0.864 0.567 1.448 1.474 0.542 0.564 1.588 1.429 0.451 0.486 0.349 1.996 2.082 0.82 1991 1.681 1.809 2.158 1.465 3.681 2.36 2.687 3.817 1.524 1.255 1.829 1.782 1.028 0.642 1.245 1.15 0.462 0.527 1.493 1.108 0.243 0.315 0.49 1.909 2.008 0.863 1992 2.928 1.655 2.36 1.952 3.85 2.477 3.505 4.826 1.701 1.672 3.05 2.383 1.06 0.792 2.035 1.844 0.731 0.586 2.37 1.376 0.447 0.433 0.453 2.449 2.114 0.978 1993 1.896 1.584 1.148 0.62 3.999 2.112 1.956 2.968 0.849 0.306 2.652 2.218 0.987 0.965 1.292 1.163 0.622 0.446 1.724 1.094 0.2 0.259 0.888 1.108 1.284 0.744 1994 1.377 1.992 3.276 2.37 5.457 2.554 2.271 3.622 1.713 1.33 2.376 2.006 0.975 0.891 1.036 1.178 0.51 0.364 1.897 0.93 0.301 0.349 0.454 1.741 1.833 0.533 1995 1.267 1.9 2.187 2.278 4.739 2.475 2.057 3.329 1.366 0.834 2.501 1.65 0.678 0.634 1.22 1.186 0.499 0.494 1.122 0.949 0.291 0.486 0.523 1.393 1.889 0.605 1996 2.122 1.738 2.323 1.563 3.72 1.299 1.51 3.095 1.725 1.053 2.152 1.831 0.992 0.507 0.793 0.955 0.318 0.328 0.896 0.852 0.229 0.432 0.477 1.23 1.081 1.103 1997 2.26 1.994 2.946 1.879 4.405 2.881 2.856 4.445 0.581 0.561 1.74 1.914 0.606 0.354 1.039 0.918 0.32 0.377 0.925 0.69 0.308 0.581 0.4 1.164 2.273 0.679 1998 2.393 2.147 2.1 1.676 3.371 1.526 2.519 4.167 1.42 0.877 1.464 2.377 0.783 0.516 1.025 1.007 0.309 0.524 0.842 0.795 0.254 0.545 0.551 1.432 1.005 0.614 1999 1.657 1.581 1.438 0.739 2.136 0.885 2.069 3.11 0.239 0.217 1.002 0.946 0.607 0.369 0.673 0.524 0.284 0.362 0.443 0.474 0.165 0.153 0.614 0.421 0.606 0.929 2000 2.328 1.861 2.631 2.177 3.079 2.101 2.631 3.77 0.371 0.287 1.403 1.588 0.613 0.517 0.694 0.807 0.217 0.16 0.281 0.234 0.1 0.296 0.215 0.44 0.537 2.245 2001 2.757 2.922 2.066 2.049 3.651 2.008 3.041 4.035 0.8 0.431 1.86 1.306 0.774 0.514 0.885 0.914 0.485 0.605 1.116 0.606 0.249 0.366 0.195 0.519 0.819 2.049 2002 1.021 1.868 3.121 1.813 3.307 2.245 2.573 3.588 1.433 1.332 1.814 1.076 0.961 0.516 0.367 0.588 0.154 0.159 0.903 0.57 0.227 0.615 0.568 1.069 1.021 1.527 2003 1.587 2.274 3.424 2.143 3.689 2.333 3.997 4.947 1.56 1.58 1.952 1.706 1.046 0.491 1.047 1.265 0.439 0.489 0.913 0.588 0.322 0.432 0.927 1.178 1.015 0.416 2004 0.973 1.021 2.643 1.428 3.51 1.826 2.667 3.194 1.165 1.034 1.539 1.431 0.567 0.406 0.802 0.742 0.401 0.321 0.789 0.441 0.163 0.598 0.494 0.709 0.907 1.838 2005 1.543 2.135 3.57 1.963 3.618 2.115 3.015 3.484 2.164 2.148 2.07 1.433 1.02 0.313 1.143 1.193 0.597 0.711 1.395 0.691 0.298 0.763 0.663 1.273 0.94 1.585 2006 1.897 1.441 3.474 1.762 4.168 2.478 3.013 3.121 3.517 2.317 2.49 1.798 0.851 0.85 1.105 1.075 0.654 0.674 1.224 0.621 0.267 0.546 0.744 0.834 0.833 1.406 2007 1.685 1.412 2.123 2.076 2.838 1.87 2.366 2.661 2.567 2.534 2.528 2.031 0.817 0.479 0.803 0.911 0.434 0.492 0.772 0.425 0.157 0.996 1.015 0.785 0.868 0.773 2008 0.99 0.717 1.164 1.796 2.596 1.105 1.979 2.338 1.88 2.496 0.69 0.611 0.305 0.379 0.771 0.718 0.348 0.318 0.818 0.487 0.292 0.565 0.438 0.676 0.734 1.7 2009 1.044 0.879 2.693 1.972 3.261 2.318 2.435 2.649 2.159 2.58 1.55 1.921 0.498 0.349 0.801 0.797 0.561 0.547 0.998 0.571 0.216 1.55 1.105 1.216 1.433 2.404 2010 1.118 0.894 1.571 2.051 2.797 1.678 2.987 3.408 2.458 2.073 1.432 1.929 0.907 0.767 0.795 0.777 0.747 0.647 1.183 0.704 0.275 1.311 0.92 2.67 2.416 2.399 2011 1.367 0.821 1.32 1.613 2.202 1.665 2.239 2.376 1.99 1.387 2.006 2.082 0.667 0.455 0.771 0.716 0.4 0.386 0.99 0.449 0.127 0.425 0.536 2.542 1.627 1.259 2012 1.136 0.917 1.372 1.29 1.185 0.86 1.253 1.195 0.971 0.626 1.595 1.847 0.586 0.43 0.575 0.618 0.257 0.236 0.783 0.211 0.108 0.41 0.436 1.107 1.248 0.697 2013 1.197 1.596 0.635 0.517 1.143 0.778 0.647 0.81 0.97 0.708 2.492 2.243 0.794 0.421 0.367 0.428 0.369 0.397 0.584 0.132 0.535 0.358 0.472 1.255 0.893 0.301 2014 2.779 2.785 0.761 0.924 2.688 1.632 1.005 0.858 1.656 1.81 3.719 2.748 1.235 0.975 0.586 0.756 0.605 0.691 0.392 0.18 0.492 0.642 0.509 1.46 2.098 1.211 2015 2.712 2.029 1.502 1.394 3.046 1.479 1.026 1.389 1.895 1.998 1.894 2.281 0.614 0.559 0.701 0.829 0.856 1.084 0.514 0.431 0.562 0.948 0.63 0.912 1.704 0.961 2016 3.137 1.821 1.165 1.766 3.831 1.964 1.504 1.636 1.649 2.074 2.995 3.222 0.348 0.593 0.964 1.071 0.795 0.844 0.473 0.325 0.471 1.441 0.856 1.66 1.819 0.562