# Maxwell - Oppenheim Woods - LITU - ITRDB IN041 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34650 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-34650.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/in041-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; in041-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/in041.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/in041.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-10-06 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-10-06 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Maxwell - Oppenheim Woods - LITU - ITRDB IN041 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Maxwell, J.T.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-3146); Matheus, T.J.; Strange, B.M. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Climate response of tulip poplar NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: David LeBlanc, Justin Maxwell, Neil Pederson, Adam Berland, Tessa Mandra # Journal_Name: Ecosphere # Published_Title: Radial growth responses of tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) to climate in the eastern United States # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020 # Volume: 11 # Pages: # Issue: 10 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3203 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Tulip poplar is an important component of the eastern deciduous forest and one of the few diffuse-porous tree species with indeterminate apical growth in North America for which there are substantial dendroecological data. This dendroecological study evaluated correlations between radial growth of tulip poplar and monthly, seasonal, and annual climate variables and how these correlations varied across time and spatial climate gradients. The strongest and most spatially consistent correlations were with climate variables related to site water balance, especially precipitation. Growth was positively correlated with climate variables related to site water balance during the months of May through July of the year the annual ring forms and during the previous year growing season and autumn. Growth was negatively correlated with prior year growing season maximum temperature, but positively correlated with prior winter minimum temperature. There was some evidence of temporal variation in growth-climate associations between 1900 and 2016, but the climate variables with the strongest associations were consistent across different time periods. Correlations with climate variables related to water stress increased from east to west as precipitation decreased, but there was no spatial trend in correlations with growing season temperature from north to south as temperature increases. Strength of positive correlations with winter temperature increased from north to south. Growth of tulip poplar will likely be adversely affected if drought frequency or severity increases during the twenty-first century. Increased winter temperature would likely have a positive influence on growth during the subsequent growing season in some parts of the species range. Radial growth of tulip poplar is most affected by climate conditions during a narrow time period early in the growing season, similar to results obtained for multiple oak species and a few other diffuse-porous species in eastern North America. Simulation modelers might consider the phenology of these correlations to formulate more biologically realistic tree climate response functions. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US Department of Agriculture # Grant: 2017-67013-26191 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Oppenheim Woods # Location: Indiana # Northernmost_Latitude: 41.339479 # Southernmost_Latitude: 41.339479 # Easternmost_Longitude: -85.763455 # Westernmost_Longitude: -85.763455 # Elevation_m: 274 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: IN041 # First_Year: 1888 # Last_Year: 2016 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Liriodendron tulipifera L. # Common_Name: tuliptree # Tree_Species_Code: LITU #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## OWT01A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT01A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT01B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT01B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT02A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT02A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT02B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT02B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT03A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT03A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT03B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT03B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT04A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT04A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT04B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT04B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT05A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT05A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT05B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT05B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT06A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT06A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT06B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT06B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT07A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT07A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT07B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT07B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT08A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT08A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT08B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT08B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT09A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT09A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT09B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT09B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT010A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT010A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## OWT010B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: OWT010B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE OWT01A_raw OWT01B_raw OWT02A_raw OWT02B_raw OWT03A_raw OWT03B_raw OWT04A_raw OWT04B_raw OWT05A_raw OWT05B_raw OWT06A_raw OWT06B_raw OWT07A_raw OWT07B_raw OWT08A_raw OWT08B_raw OWT09A_raw OWT09B_raw OWT010A_raw OWT010B_raw 1888 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.946 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1889 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.035 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.357 NA NA 1890 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.817 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.005 NA NA 1891 3.629 NA NA NA NA 3.092 NA NA NA 2.717 NA 5.066 NA NA NA NA NA 1.961 NA NA 1892 3.217 NA NA NA NA 3.725 NA NA NA 3.847 NA 4.732 NA NA NA NA NA 2.01 NA NA 1893 2.237 NA NA NA NA 3.61 NA NA NA 3.026 NA 2.93 NA NA NA NA 1.283 2.113 NA NA 1894 2.197 NA NA NA NA 3.001 NA NA NA 3.065 NA 1.961 NA NA NA 3.568 1.347 2.264 NA NA 1895 1.737 NA NA NA NA 2.085 NA NA NA 2.281 NA 1.422 NA NA NA 2.345 0.891 1.422 NA NA 1896 2.701 NA NA NA NA 3.779 NA NA 3.834 3.365 NA 2.495 NA NA NA 4.142 1.179 1.885 NA NA 1897 3.025 NA NA NA 3.665 3.347 NA NA 4.229 3.467 4.189 2.945 NA NA NA 4.855 2.308 3.549 NA NA 1898 4.222 NA NA NA 4.344 4.362 NA NA 4.255 4.315 2.529 4.73 NA NA NA 6.67 2.564 3.044 NA NA 1899 4.563 NA NA NA 3.522 3.307 NA NA 5.058 5.65 7.949 6.746 NA NA NA 6.151 3.71 3.406 NA NA 1900 6.921 NA NA NA 4.249 3.747 NA NA 5.053 6.079 7.92 7.687 NA NA NA 6.284 3.494 3.012 NA NA 1901 3.059 NA NA NA 2.781 3.043 NA NA 2.593 3.332 3.621 3.82 NA NA NA 3.714 2.367 1.729 NA NA 1902 4.557 5.501 NA NA 4.743 4.542 NA NA 3.953 4.708 7.034 7.14 NA NA NA 6.785 4.464 2.554 NA NA 1903 4.128 5.058 NA NA 3.924 4.597 NA NA 3.684 4.028 6.12 6.04 NA NA NA 5.197 3.466 2.838 NA NA 1904 2.582 2.818 NA NA 3.626 3.695 NA NA 3.56 3.506 4.363 4.662 NA NA NA 4.079 3.211 2.62 NA NA 1905 3.907 3.433 NA NA 4.218 5.197 NA NA 3.904 4.606 8.359 8.333 NA NA NA 5.97 3.773 3.987 NA NA 1906 2.672 3.091 NA NA 4.937 5.639 NA NA 3.228 4.424 7.316 7.241 NA NA NA 5.679 3.195 3.229 NA NA 1907 2.216 2.845 NA NA 2.936 3.127 NA NA 3.287 3.956 4.986 6.238 NA NA NA 5.149 2.519 2.1 NA NA 1908 1.928 2.501 NA NA 3.129 2.35 NA NA 3.452 3.137 4.903 4.955 NA NA 2.977 3.629 2.749 1.933 NA NA 1909 1.367 1.71 NA NA 3.063 2.926 NA NA 2.447 2.226 4.172 3.849 NA NA 2.998 4.161 2.616 1.413 NA NA 1910 1.213 1.238 NA NA 2.478 2.678 NA NA 1.582 1.825 2.873 2.94 NA NA 2.1 2.343 1.631 0.971 NA NA 1911 1.726 1.969 NA NA 3.279 3.569 NA NA 1.446 2.034 3.514 4.02 NA NA 2.81 2.991 2.033 1.684 NA NA 1912 1.717 2.012 NA NA 3.147 3.557 NA NA 1.364 2.308 3.561 3.668 NA NA 3.716 2.86 3.801 1.208 2.772 NA 1913 1.932 2.334 NA NA 5.5 5.932 NA NA 1.242 2.907 3.241 3.296 NA NA 3.3 3.61 4.919 3.018 3.27 NA 1914 1.573 1.491 NA NA 2.208 6.516 NA NA 1.549 2.505 3.356 3.29 NA NA 2.385 2.536 3.364 3.804 4.13 NA 1915 3.3 3.666 NA NA 3.562 6.984 NA NA 1.763 2.781 4.597 4.451 NA NA 4.864 4.526 3.537 5.299 7.302 NA 1916 2.774 3.05 NA NA 3.19 5.341 NA NA 3.016 2.664 4.105 3.074 NA NA 4.742 3.995 3.647 4.11 4.901 NA 1917 3.34 4.403 NA NA 3.269 4.054 NA NA 2.766 3.003 3.574 4.228 NA NA 4.18 4.41 3.645 3.793 5.717 NA 1918 2.254 3.201 NA NA 2.756 3.556 NA NA 2.191 2.123 2.685 2.742 NA NA 3.161 2.926 2.719 2.822 2.955 NA 1919 1.66 2.187 NA 1.55 3.714 4.49 NA NA 1.974 1.503 1.691 2.153 NA NA 2.761 3.222 1.98 1.921 2.619 NA 1920 1.124 1.554 NA 1.621 3.797 4.12 NA NA 1.946 1.129 2.461 2.065 NA NA 2.772 2.414 1.937 1.915 2.657 NA 1921 1.64 1.8 NA 2.45 3.763 4.009 2.197 NA 1.992 1.78 2.95 2.278 NA NA 2.508 2.975 1.719 1.901 2.637 NA 1922 1.33 1.246 NA 2.201 3.705 3.847 2.482 NA 1.692 1.496 2.101 1.997 NA NA 2.521 2.439 1.659 1.481 2.013 NA 1923 0.652 0.868 2.036 1.708 3.82 3.776 2.521 NA 1.217 1.224 1.292 1.247 NA NA 1.439 1.559 1.054 0.882 2.34 NA 1924 1.203 1.636 1.613 1.789 4.956 5.563 3.522 NA 1.721 1.478 2.639 2.745 NA NA 2.746 4.214 1.49 2.205 3.658 NA 1925 1.035 0.751 2.231 1.71 2.661 3.14 1.957 NA 2.045 1.261 2.186 2.027 NA NA 1.593 2.185 1.15 1.848 2.004 NA 1926 1.381 1.326 2.3 1.307 3.204 3.452 2.221 NA 2.798 1.831 2.85 1.801 NA NA 1.93 2.186 1.561 1.658 2.226 NA 1927 2.049 1.702 3.996 2.43 3.307 3.65 2.617 NA 3.82 2.515 4.213 2.583 NA NA 3.072 2.563 2.507 2.527 3.599 NA 1928 2.971 2.15 4.02 1.992 4.489 5.021 3.525 NA 4.607 2.968 3.71 2.074 NA NA 3.314 2.572 2.903 3.138 3.369 NA 1929 1.977 2.473 2.803 2.011 2.591 2.389 2.828 3.823 4 2.8 2.849 1.842 NA NA 2.421 1.818 2.395 2.82 2.031 NA 1930 1.332 2.232 2.097 2.032 3.028 2.395 2.217 3.388 2.63 2.088 2.349 2.148 NA NA 2.12 1.646 1.725 1.509 1.914 NA 1931 1.107 1.935 2.539 1.789 3.494 2.967 1.902 2.965 1.744 1.844 2.423 2.527 NA NA 1.615 1.507 1.971 1.212 1.914 NA 1932 2.299 3.693 3.513 2.723 4.774 5.175 3.67 4.656 2.521 2.293 4.145 3.742 NA NA 2.985 1.415 2.734 1.92 3.318 NA 1933 2.615 2.342 2.235 1.726 3.697 4.243 2.461 3.301 2.169 2.129 2.759 2.248 NA NA 2.462 1.814 1.86 1.91 2.599 NA 1934 1.482 1.283 1.234 1.25 2.303 2.403 1.64 1.898 1.246 1.342 1.514 1.427 NA NA 1.495 1.294 1.203 0.982 1.355 NA 1935 2.749 1.086 2.77 1.773 5.275 5.192 3.532 3.623 2.189 1.477 1.902 1.649 NA NA 2.984 2.311 1.775 1.089 2.248 NA 1936 1.862 1.094 1.586 1.295 1.989 2.434 1.775 1.951 1.7 1.906 1.615 1.216 NA NA 1.567 1.344 1.383 0.858 1.763 NA 1937 2.21 1.513 2.978 1.597 3.893 4.077 2.841 2.837 2.209 1.987 2.616 1.982 NA 2.668 2.399 1.847 1.45 0.762 3.492 NA 1938 2.397 2.112 3.589 2.691 4.681 5.432 3.525 4.032 4.801 3.713 4.994 3.386 NA 3.879 3.242 2.338 2.283 1.158 4.5 NA 1939 2.788 2.752 3.031 2.679 3.785 5.267 2.945 3.363 4.94 3.061 4.743 3.367 NA 3.443 2.423 1.782 2.2 1.683 3.764 5.86 1940 2.233 3.162 2.531 1.868 3.954 4.883 2.816 3.077 3.152 2.537 4.208 3.427 NA 3.037 2.769 1.439 1.873 1.939 3.427 3.96 1941 1.966 2.488 1.457 1.831 1.644 2.011 2.326 2.741 2.881 2.325 3.042 3.435 2.919 2.811 2.322 1.731 1.832 1.916 3.019 3.557 1942 3.571 2.555 2.091 2.046 3.986 6.153 3.7 3.788 3.045 3.819 4.711 4.448 3.378 3.088 2.204 2.128 1.313 1.944 4.994 5.675 1943 4.141 2.635 2.977 2.967 3.021 3.847 4.962 4.347 3.944 4.404 5.196 4.01 2.839 2.155 3.442 3.235 2.17 2.757 5.031 6.158 1944 3.177 2.054 1.801 2.648 2.573 3.008 2.886 2.671 2.698 2.882 2.758 2.656 1.856 1.598 2.361 2.138 1.858 2.336 2.672 3.19 1945 4.735 1.902 2.017 3.341 4.379 4.714 4.882 4.001 3.836 3.875 4.272 2.352 2.39 1.584 3.869 4.477 1.903 2.912 3.386 4.981 1946 3.493 1.666 2.623 3.362 3.205 3.472 3.152 2.862 4.041 4.136 4.183 2.382 3.006 2.616 3.405 2.883 2.218 2.313 2.793 4.322 1947 3.424 2.186 2.297 2.492 4.133 4.311 2.97 2.886 2.686 2.336 2.807 1.885 3.188 2.301 2.553 2.389 1.954 2.719 2.468 3.29 1948 4.173 2.622 2.553 3.081 3.1 4.097 2.635 2.258 2.768 3.738 3.486 2.692 3.001 2.222 2.637 2.68 2.349 3.048 2.593 3.827 1949 5.117 5.049 3.488 2.893 3.907 3.969 5.318 4.012 3.653 3.699 4.669 4.657 4.179 2.962 3.919 2.844 3.077 4.344 5.072 5.5 1950 5.595 4.954 3.01 2.358 2.878 3.37 4.426 4.459 2.402 3.793 4.605 4.114 3.703 3.008 4.394 3.491 3.217 3.633 4.039 4.022 1951 4.486 5.625 2.942 2.578 3.586 4.484 4.97 4.155 3.741 3.891 5.367 5.036 3.512 3.645 4.259 3.973 2.672 2.931 4.61 5.293 1952 6.002 7.13 3.64 3.561 4.669 5.62 5.932 5.305 3.981 4.977 8.042 8.68 4.305 3.789 5.544 5.789 4.673 3.401 4.928 7.483 1953 3.024 4.641 2.137 2.554 2.494 3.22 3.85 3.148 2.373 2.583 5.185 4.91 4.135 3.592 3.024 2.915 2.475 1.912 3.925 6.304 1954 4.771 4.988 1.841 2.983 4.458 5.36 4.829 4.189 2.405 2.997 5.181 5.825 3.56 2.552 3.685 3.929 2.641 2.26 4.501 7.332 1955 3.475 3.706 2.145 4.781 4.256 4.587 4.398 5.348 1.93 2.351 5.409 4.257 4.924 3.132 3.98 2.633 3.079 1.735 5.514 6.879 1956 2.259 1.878 1.078 2.88 2.879 3.762 3.245 3.395 1.772 2.575 2.88 1.977 3.924 2.847 2.356 2.354 1.743 1.95 3.668 3.322 1957 3.54 2.7 2.054 3.238 3.377 4.267 4.401 4.907 2.657 3.373 4.499 2.755 3.873 2.695 3.188 2.514 1.943 2.172 4.862 6.991 1958 4.052 2.153 2.068 3.618 3.602 4.044 3.426 2.922 2.919 3.382 3.719 3.289 3.78 2.539 3.055 2.815 1.819 2.312 4.532 5.354 1959 3.782 3.021 2.502 3.555 2.963 3.724 3.4 3.113 3.112 2.822 3.526 4.164 3.013 3.195 3.351 3.307 2.45 2.613 4.132 3.858 1960 3.198 3.314 2.368 2.901 2.417 3.152 2.754 2.341 3.378 2.481 3.94 3.05 3.664 4.071 3.155 3.656 2.914 2.346 4.448 3.455 1961 3.157 3.311 4.216 3.242 3.295 4.944 3.499 3.693 3.611 3.342 5.358 5.014 4.649 4.983 4.295 3.791 3.384 2.81 5.706 4.62 1962 2.19 4.049 3.655 2.909 2.777 3.176 2.927 3.34 3.268 2.728 3.558 3.471 4.257 3.723 3.405 2.621 2.6 1.869 3.687 3.353 1963 2.617 3.282 2.509 2.322 3.287 4.038 3.196 3.598 2.806 2.846 3.775 5.263 4.156 2.85 2.809 2.454 2.105 1.507 2.738 2.968 1964 2.185 3.502 2.782 2.404 2.774 2.895 2.403 2.73 2.076 2.302 2.908 4.297 4.306 3.297 2.604 2.726 1.814 1.256 3.405 3.15 1965 1.085 2.26 1.894 1.585 2.849 3.315 2.722 3.131 2.189 1.888 1.973 2.382 3.333 2.134 1.738 1.342 1.234 0.979 2.506 2.709 1966 1.093 2.877 2.156 1.735 1.953 2.644 2.873 3.424 2.049 1.782 2.143 3.007 3.181 2.301 1.987 1.814 1.293 1.204 3.234 3.209 1967 0.845 1.892 1.607 1.457 2.215 2.359 2.615 2.721 1.487 1.257 1.609 1.912 3.611 2.767 2.085 1.471 1.094 1.182 1.73 1.53 1968 1.488 2.083 2.582 1.729 2.836 3.297 4.903 3.948 1.802 2.412 1.632 2.386 4.338 3.228 3.15 2.94 1.276 1.53 2.699 1.882 1969 2.022 3.089 3.85 2.794 3.453 3.697 3.608 3.592 2.607 2.411 2.76 4.058 5.955 5.563 4.083 2.534 1.598 1.806 3.048 2.297 1970 1.365 2.913 3.223 1.534 3.624 3.66 3.607 4.218 3.802 2.288 3.571 4.261 6.433 5.951 2.705 2.269 1.447 1.12 4.044 2.995 1971 1.554 3.278 2.141 2.116 2.118 2.51 3.546 3.581 3.443 2.311 4.325 4.506 5.806 4.853 3.244 2.751 1.906 1.182 2.593 3.498 1972 1.668 2.935 2.613 2.122 2.708 2.176 3.794 4.179 3.229 2.31 5.063 5.477 5.773 4.999 3.368 2.752 1.884 1.623 1.324 2.611 1973 2.893 3.618 2.977 2.709 2.844 3.136 4.453 3.134 3.697 3.33 6.113 4.305 7.22 5.017 3.965 3.807 2.761 1.946 1.33 4.285 1974 2.704 3.958 3.507 2.856 2.877 3.136 4.2 3.842 3.841 2.681 5.005 2.482 5.49 3.745 3.397 2.959 2.331 1.525 2.402 2.972 1975 3.564 3.955 3.587 2.702 2.936 3.679 5.59 6.555 3.571 3.324 4.738 3.393 6.914 3.831 4.423 4.427 2.328 1.445 4.089 4.001 1976 3.199 3.516 3.445 3.304 2.49 3.228 5.03 5.479 3.173 3.069 3.196 3.28 5.257 4.014 3.348 3.642 1.92 1.728 3.421 3.12 1977 2.468 1.766 2.298 1.661 1.675 2.438 2.541 2.855 3.899 3.443 2.499 2.317 5.494 4.416 3.62 3.151 1.424 0.672 3.392 2.779 1978 2.799 2.042 2.307 2.456 2.358 3.147 4.026 4.501 2.659 2.45 2.934 3.445 5.484 3.181 3.702 3.864 2.876 0.976 3.68 2.945 1979 3.245 2.552 1.922 2.416 2.913 3.178 3.287 3.791 3.53 3.49 2.991 3.937 4.909 3.346 3.635 4.027 2.242 1.028 3.101 2.698 1980 4.694 6.067 4.04 4.052 4.566 4.269 6.531 7.246 5.4 4.619 3.381 7.899 9.91 6.713 5.083 5.532 3.626 1.412 5.198 7.123 1981 3.473 4.24 4.413 3.156 2.419 3.489 5.344 5.719 5.41 4.902 3.295 4.96 6.953 6.623 5.769 4.674 2.9 1.764 3.722 4.695 1982 2.651 3.831 4.905 3.885 2.936 3.253 4.499 4.593 3.919 3.833 2.556 3.254 4.979 4.069 4.053 3.469 2.718 2.355 3.998 3.162 1983 2.74 3.653 2.98 3.536 2.4 3.382 5.329 5.211 4.562 3.758 2.81 3.303 5.732 4.276 3.052 3.458 2.674 3.382 4.925 3.819 1984 1.528 1.632 1.386 1.804 1.771 1.67 3.472 2.616 2.159 1.393 1.074 2.348 3.443 3.061 2.656 2.785 1.285 1.698 2.458 3.314 1985 2.241 3.195 1.991 2.4 3.468 3.231 4.537 4.006 2.674 2.177 1.883 2.807 4.142 3.086 3.44 3.16 1.62 2.462 2.07 3.942 1986 2.696 3.153 3.003 3.974 4.108 4.674 5.024 4.821 4.137 2.804 2.708 5.333 6.962 5.87 5.17 4.805 3.304 3.384 3.908 7.49 1987 3.281 3.37 1.989 3.869 3.255 4.125 4.86 5.689 4.372 2.573 2.885 7.929 7.824 5.035 4.498 4.229 3.01 2.49 5.618 9.988 1988 1.161 0.933 1.146 1.386 1.184 1.884 2.911 3.025 1.551 1.051 1.027 2.712 3.298 1.954 1.702 1.36 1.241 1.282 2.007 3.582 1989 3.215 2.924 2.45 4.025 2.8 3.026 4.134 4.085 2.264 2.072 2.268 8.349 6.38 5.783 3.858 5.56 2.162 1.809 4.476 5.839 1990 2.73 5.063 3.126 3.969 3.193 3.979 5.376 5.133 5.092 2.6 6.093 8.884 7.799 6.7 5.642 4.159 2.907 1.667 5.562 7.225 1991 3.505 4.102 3.477 3.289 3.089 3.413 4.63 4.078 4.76 1.959 4.709 5.711 6.421 5.572 4.327 4.259 2.205 2.222 4.17 4.821 1992 3.269 4.428 3.692 2.996 3.161 3.466 5.686 5.204 3.207 2.314 6.568 4.404 5.346 3.772 3.636 4.034 2.502 1.873 4.314 4.346 1993 4.341 5.609 5.74 3.89 4.033 3.953 7.8 5.968 5.667 3.812 9.417 7.049 8.565 6.482 5.979 3.859 2.965 2.776 6.354 5.977 1994 3.764 4.432 3.13 2.764 2.91 2.771 3.782 4.658 3.866 2.837 5.688 4.339 4.397 3.99 3.487 3.294 2.414 1.733 4.044 6.049 1995 4.334 4.104 4.129 3.673 3.005 3.142 6.018 5.272 4.184 3.262 5.766 4.023 4.821 5.487 4.737 4.173 2.693 1.855 6.472 7.517 1996 3.217 2.691 3.105 2.432 2.082 1.878 3.615 4.01 3.598 3.099 3.126 2.115 3.896 4.42 3.092 3.112 2.609 1.608 5.099 6.844 1997 5.041 4.878 4.124 2.906 2.925 3.082 4.573 4.598 4.236 3.553 3.658 2.084 4.585 3.265 3.259 4.096 3.386 2.695 5.421 6.984 1998 5.795 7.325 4.697 4.739 3.986 3.901 6.435 5.936 5.764 5.744 6.909 3.585 7.73 5.598 4.824 5.284 3.77 4.206 7.645 9.133 1999 2.897 5.319 2.577 2.909 2.83 2.698 3.723 3.055 3.559 3.171 2.191 2.786 2.676 2.055 2.825 3.31 3.323 3.267 3.39 3.715 2000 1.543 6.996 3.241 3.47 2.576 3.206 6.344 5.087 4.329 2.312 3.462 2.754 3.655 4.468 3.737 4.258 2.977 3.69 4.657 5.798 2001 4.139 7.461 3.464 4.293 3.503 3.91 5.485 5.432 5.43 4.269 3.849 7.091 5.309 4.764 4.925 5.766 5.406 4.82 3.926 5.253 2002 2.879 3.777 2.833 3.675 1.923 2.293 4.585 4.338 3.171 2.619 2.218 3.563 2.854 2.594 3.299 3.869 4.362 3.316 2.35 3.866 2003 3.197 4.239 4.046 4.297 2.649 2.535 5.815 4.806 4.572 2.462 3.705 4.256 4.746 4.855 4.734 5.662 6.831 4.467 5.136 7.918 2004 3.867 4.359 4.843 5.803 2.837 3.669 5.994 4.493 7.431 3.608 5.931 7.329 4.623 4.252 5.108 5.332 6.013 4.426 6.436 9.4 2005 2.789 3.203 4.475 3.991 1.349 2.142 5.622 4.292 5.567 3.593 3.903 2.97 5.348 5.079 4.718 4.575 4.594 5.11 6.016 6.626 2006 2.605 2.575 4.741 4.21 2.406 2.13 6.442 4.251 4.327 2.647 5.288 6.104 3.307 2.997 4.237 4.439 3.972 5.856 6.525 6.695 2007 1.824 1.703 4.151 3.9 1.713 2.607 6.93 4.613 4.341 2.399 4.429 4.968 4.39 2.854 3.925 2.848 2.594 5.654 6.649 5.719 2008 3.156 2.359 4.421 3.754 2.897 3.43 6.011 5.814 3.709 2.366 4.462 6.31 4.796 3.089 5.186 4.971 3.835 5.522 5.649 4.745 2009 2.35 2.767 2.485 3.985 2.099 2.366 4.448 6.149 3.527 2.876 3.298 4.645 3.371 2.261 3.46 4.445 4.414 4.279 4.188 5.501 2010 3.469 6.549 4.784 5.467 2.734 3.58 7.668 8.401 5.621 3.742 6.822 6.235 7.798 4.525 5.933 4.841 6.81 6.298 5.325 9.745 2011 4.163 6.493 4.026 5.462 1.806 3.639 6.417 6.782 4.89 3.528 4.763 2.543 6.204 2.232 4.447 3.985 5.014 4.358 6.067 10.866 2012 1.572 2.789 1.361 1.718 0.808 1.479 2.91 2.639 2.212 1.523 1.511 0.745 1.907 0.95 1.874 1.624 2.043 1.847 2.947 8.81 2013 4.324 4.489 4.29 5.035 2.484 3.484 8.808 6.082 2.242 2.252 6.751 2.156 4.283 2.713 4.71 3.413 6.311 2.908 6.726 9.919 2014 2.782 2.221 2.394 2.495 2.1 3.336 5.797 3.97 2.615 1.848 3.989 1.418 3.78 2.265 3.031 1.973 4.061 2.218 4.973 6.149 2015 3.28 2.564 4.285 5.156 4.084 5.248 7.639 5.866 3.055 2.261 7.87 4.492 4.551 2.892 5.24 4.036 6.698 3.058 7.857 5.862 2016 3.291 3.76 2.945 4.511 2.995 3.432 3.988 3.295 2.755 2.362 4.274 2.207 2.559 2.263 2.765 3.609 3.667 2.976 4.998 4.754