# Maxwell - Matawaumkeag - TSCA - ITRDB ME046 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/32278 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-32278.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/me046-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; me046-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/me046.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/me046.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-01-05 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-01-05 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Maxwell - Matawaumkeag - TSCA - ITRDB ME046 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Maxwell, R.S.(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-5929); Belmecheri, S.; Taylor, A.H. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Part of New England Hemlock Transect, 10 sites along a 500+ km transect stretching from CT to ME NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-02-22. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: R. Stockton Maxwell, Soumaya Belmecheri, Alan H. Taylor, Kenneth J. Davis, Troy W. Ocheltree # Journal_Name: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology # Published_Title: Carbon isotope ratios in tree rings respond differently to climatic variations than tree-ring width in a mesic temperate forest # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020 # Volume: 288-289 # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108014 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Determining the response of forest growth and productivity to climate variability is crucial for understanding and modeling forest carbon sequestration in mesic temperate forests. Most tree-ring analyses have used monthly climate data. Daily climate data may be more appropriate to use in the determination of tree-ring response to climate because cell division, enlargement, and thickening occur during discrete periods of the growing season. We analyze annual tree-ring width and d13C from Tsuga canadensis (1992-2012) at ten sites in the northeastern US to test the null hypothesis that tree-ring width and d13C respond similarly to critical climate periods using daily climate data and linear regression. There was a significant difference in the climate response of ring width and d13C. Precipitation predicted both d13C and ring width with the highest r2 and greatest level of significance overall. d13C integrated climate over longer periods of the year (and previous year) than ring width at most sites. d13C showed a more consistent seasonal signal across sites for each climate variable than ring width. Our work provides a new perspective on the response of annual tree growth and d13C to climatic variability that can inform ecosystem productivity, carbon cycle, and earth system models. #-------------------- # Authors: Maxwell, R.S., Belmecheri, S., Taylor, A.H., Davis, K.J., Guerrieri, R., Moore, D.J., Rayback, S.A. # Journal_Name: Global Change Biology # Published_Title: Precipitation Alters the CO2 Effect on Water-use Efficiency of Temperate Forests # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Volume: # Pages: # Issue: # Report_Number: # DOI: # Full_Citation: Maxwell, R.S., Belmecheri, S., Taylor, A.H., Davis, K.J., Guerrieri, R., Moore, D.J., Rayback, S.A. 2021 in press. Precipitation Alters the CO2 Effect on Water-use Efficiency of Temperate Forests. Global Change Biology, in press. # Abstract: Increasing water-use efficiency (WUE), the ratio of carbon gain to water loss, is the key mechanism that enhances carbon uptake by terrestrial vegetation under rising atmospheric CO2 (ca). Existing theory and empirical evidence suggest a proportional increase of WUE in response to rising ca as plants maintain a relatively constant ratio between the leaf internal (ci) to ambient (ca) partial CO2 pressure (ci/ca). This has been hypothesized as the main driver of the strengthening of the terrestrial carbon sink over the recent decades. However, proportionality may not characterize CO2 effects on WUE on longer time-scales and the role of climate in modulating these effects is uncertain. Here, we evaluate long-term WUE responses to ca and climate from 1901-2012 CE by reconstructing intrinsic WUE (iWUE, the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance) using carbon isotopes in tree rings across temperate forests in the northeastern USA. We show that iWUE increased steadily from 1901 to 1975 CE but remained constant afterwards despite continuously rising ca. This is consistent with a passive physiological response to ca and coincides with a shift to significantly wetter conditions across the region. Tree physiology was driven by summer moisture at multi-decadal time-scales and did not maintain a constant ci/ca in response to rising ca indicating that a point was reached where rising CO2 had a diminishing effect on tree iWUE. Our results challenge the mechanism, magnitude, and persistence of CO2's effect on iWUE with significant implications for projections of terrestrial productivity under a changing climate. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: BCS-1229887 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Matawaumkeag 2 # Location: Maine # Northernmost_Latitude: 45.49 # Southernmost_Latitude: 45.49 # Easternmost_Longitude: -68.27 # Westernmost_Longitude: -68.27 # Elevation_m: 85 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: ME046 # First_Year: 1679 # Last_Year: 2012 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. # Common_Name: eastern hemlock # Tree_Species_Code: TSCA #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## MAT01_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT01; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT02_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT02; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT03_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT03; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT04_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT04; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT05I_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT05I; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT06_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT06; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT07_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT07; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT08_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT08; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT09_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT09; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT10_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT10; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT11_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT11; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## MAT12_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: MAT12; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE MAT01_raw MAT02_raw MAT03_raw MAT04_raw MAT05I_raw MAT06_raw MAT07_raw MAT08_raw MAT09_raw MAT10_raw MAT11_raw MAT12_raw 1679 NA NA NA NA 0.298 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1680 NA NA NA NA 0.256 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1681 NA NA NA NA 0.364 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1682 NA NA NA NA 0.292 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1683 NA NA NA NA 0.406 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1684 NA NA NA NA 0.282 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1685 NA NA NA NA 0.414 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1686 NA NA NA NA 0.44 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1687 NA NA NA NA 0.664 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1688 NA NA NA NA 0.57 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1689 NA NA NA NA 0.58 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1690 NA NA NA NA 0.388 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1691 NA NA NA NA 0.236 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1692 NA NA NA NA 0.336 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1693 NA NA NA NA 0.312 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1694 NA NA NA NA 0.372 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1695 NA NA NA NA 0.414 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1696 NA NA NA NA 0.444 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1697 NA NA NA NA 0.362 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1698 NA NA NA NA 0.364 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1699 NA NA NA NA 0.114 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1700 NA NA NA NA 0.096 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1701 NA NA NA NA 0.098 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1702 NA NA NA NA 0.224 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1703 NA NA NA NA 0.256 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1704 NA NA NA NA 0.064 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1705 NA NA NA NA 0.212 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1706 NA NA NA NA 0.14 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1707 NA NA NA NA 0.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1708 NA NA NA NA 0.186 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1709 NA NA NA NA 0.448 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1710 NA NA NA NA 0.26 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1711 NA NA NA NA 0.274 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1712 NA NA NA NA 0.37 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1713 NA NA NA NA 0.132 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1714 NA NA NA NA 0.236 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1715 NA NA NA NA 0.294 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1716 NA NA NA NA 0.17 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1717 NA NA NA NA 0.258 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1718 NA NA NA NA 0.366 0.196 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1719 NA NA NA NA 0.226 0.252 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1720 NA NA NA NA 0.364 0.228 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1721 NA NA NA NA 0.172 0.192 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1722 NA NA NA NA 0.224 0.152 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1723 NA NA NA NA 0.254 0.144 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1724 NA NA NA NA 0.254 0.178 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1725 NA NA NA NA 0.218 0.188 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1726 NA NA NA NA 0.7 0.164 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1727 NA NA NA NA 0.78 0.268 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1728 NA NA NA NA 0.32 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1729 NA NA NA NA 0.334 0.23 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1730 NA NA NA NA 0.256 0.272 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1731 NA NA NA NA 0.222 0.212 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1732 NA NA NA NA 0.276 0.164 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1733 NA NA NA NA 0.388 0.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1734 NA NA NA NA 0.612 0.324 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1735 NA NA NA NA 0.384 0.24 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1736 NA NA NA NA 0.474 0.194 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1737 NA NA NA NA 0.374 0.17 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1738 NA NA NA NA 0.64 0.29 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1739 NA NA NA NA 0.454 0.338 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1740 NA NA NA NA 0.338 0.444 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1741 NA NA NA NA 0.164 0.258 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1742 NA NA NA NA 0.266 0.416 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1743 NA NA NA NA 0.164 0.264 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1744 NA NA NA NA 0.176 0.212 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1745 NA NA NA NA 0.166 0.22 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1746 NA NA NA NA 0.172 0.172 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1747 NA NA NA NA 0.662 0.138 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1748 NA NA NA NA 0.596 0.208 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1749 NA NA NA NA 0.494 0.582 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1750 NA NA NA NA 0.794 1.546 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1751 NA NA NA NA 0.632 1.788 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1752 NA NA NA NA 0.524 1.244 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1753 NA NA NA NA 0.614 1.186 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1754 NA NA NA NA 0.376 0.674 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1755 NA NA NA NA 0.576 0.714 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1756 NA NA NA NA 0.7 0.904 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1757 NA NA NA NA 0.4 0.602 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1758 NA NA NA NA 0.292 0.458 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1759 NA NA NA NA 0.268 0.586 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1760 NA NA NA NA 0.278 0.564 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1761 NA NA NA NA 0.242 0.534 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1762 NA NA NA NA 0.322 0.652 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1763 NA NA NA NA 0.502 0.68 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1764 NA NA NA NA 0.558 0.89 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1765 NA NA NA NA 0.456 0.826 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1766 NA NA NA NA 0.376 0.524 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1767 NA NA NA NA 0.27 0.366 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1768 NA NA NA NA 0.312 0.372 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1769 NA NA NA NA 0.316 0.332 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1770 NA NA NA NA 0.292 0.274 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1771 NA NA NA NA 0.332 0.464 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1772 NA NA NA NA 0.42 0.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1773 NA NA NA NA 0.412 0.618 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1774 NA NA NA NA 0.33 0.588 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1775 NA NA NA NA 0.34 0.558 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1776 NA NA NA NA 0.302 0.594 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1777 NA NA NA NA 0.248 0.664 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1778 NA NA NA NA 0.244 0.47 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1779 NA NA NA NA 0.234 0.376 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1780 NA NA NA NA 0.124 0.322 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1781 NA NA NA NA 0.186 0.308 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1782 NA NA 0.452 NA 0.232 0.43 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1783 NA NA 0.51 NA 0.338 0.336 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1784 NA NA 0.632 NA 0.328 0.382 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1785 NA NA 0.448 NA 0.21 0.494 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1786 NA NA 0.456 NA 0.276 0.584 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1787 NA NA 0.762 NA 0.228 0.412 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1788 NA NA 0.688 NA 0.236 0.482 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1789 NA NA 0.496 NA 0.322 0.508 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1790 NA NA 0.536 NA 0.37 0.658 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1791 NA NA 0.414 NA 0.418 0.42 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1792 NA NA 0.404 NA 0.378 0.766 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1793 NA NA 0.428 NA 0.616 0.854 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1794 NA NA 0.53 NA 0.528 0.828 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1795 NA NA 0.566 NA 0.466 0.908 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1796 NA NA 0.43 NA 0.468 1.004 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1797 NA NA 0.33 NA 0.51 0.844 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1798 NA NA 0.176 NA 0.54 0.492 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1799 NA NA 0.204 NA 0.276 0.196 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1800 NA NA 0.572 NA 0.514 0.628 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1801 NA NA 0.77 NA 0.714 0.718 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1802 NA NA 1.188 NA 0.598 1.04 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1803 NA NA 1.024 NA 0.46 0.84 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1804 NA NA 0.894 NA 0.562 0.84 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1805 NA NA 0.914 NA 0.532 0.724 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1806 NA NA 0.88 NA 0.372 0.692 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1807 NA NA 0.72 NA 0.312 0.404 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1808 NA NA 0.382 NA 0.18 0.338 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1809 NA NA 0.24 NA 0.196 0.068 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1810 NA NA 0.058 NA 0.272 0.098 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1811 NA 0.638 0.144 NA 0.37 0.212 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1812 NA 0.516 0.19 NA 0.234 0.284 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1813 NA 0.474 0.132 NA 0.268 0.174 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1814 NA 0.302 0.096 NA 0.174 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1815 NA 0.664 0.284 NA 0.39 0.278 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1816 NA 0.674 0.628 NA 0.576 0.598 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1817 NA 0.838 0.642 NA 0.724 0.642 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1818 NA 0.722 0.638 NA 0.404 0.518 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1819 NA 0.854 0.86 NA 0.576 0.588 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1820 NA 0.864 1.126 NA 0.62 0.47 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1821 NA 0.842 0.836 NA 0.786 0.322 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1822 NA 0.866 0.878 NA 0.744 0.486 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1823 NA 0.786 0.912 NA 0.548 0.542 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1824 NA 0.6 0.85 NA 0.52 0.478 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1825 NA 0.582 0.694 NA 0.358 0.386 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1826 NA 0.248 0.23 NA 0.124 0.152 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1827 NA 0.36 0.39 NA 0.176 0.358 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1828 NA 0.438 0.418 NA 0.204 0.456 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1829 NA 0.302 0.564 NA 0.182 0.194 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1830 NA 0.684 0.684 NA 0.362 0.342 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1831 NA 0.672 0.916 NA 0.526 0.428 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1832 NA 0.514 0.888 NA 0.524 0.428 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1833 NA 0.42 0.572 NA 0.53 0.436 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1834 NA 0.436 0.65 NA 0.772 0.71 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1835 NA 0.292 0.562 NA 0.532 0.53 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1836 NA 0.342 0.212 NA 0.51 0.46 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1837 NA 0.39 0.416 NA 0.6 0.418 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1838 NA 0.332 0.304 NA 0.4 0.274 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1839 NA 0.354 0.386 NA 0.344 0.182 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1840 NA 0.35 0.53 NA 0.282 0.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1841 NA 0.322 0.478 NA 0.238 0.186 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1842 NA 0.302 0.66 NA 0.206 0.176 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1843 NA 0.24 0.498 NA 0.216 0.246 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1844 NA 0.332 0.648 NA 0.26 0.31 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1845 NA 0.232 0.784 NA 0.394 0.32 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1846 NA 0.426 0.748 NA 0.34 0.352 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1847 NA 0.28 0.672 NA 0.304 0.302 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1848 NA 0.26 0.634 NA 0.272 0.368 NA NA NA NA NA 0.894 1849 NA 0.28 0.486 NA 0.254 0.364 NA NA NA NA NA 0.778 1850 NA 0.216 0.402 NA 0.23 0.37 NA NA NA NA NA 0.75 1851 NA 0.384 0.89 NA 0.526 0.512 NA NA NA NA NA 1.018 1852 NA 0.418 0.734 NA 0.498 0.646 NA NA NA NA NA 0.9 1853 NA 0.38 0.814 NA 0.688 0.646 NA NA NA NA NA 0.822 1854 0.334 0.34 0.536 NA 0.67 0.598 NA NA NA NA NA 0.728 1855 0.484 0.192 0.854 NA 0.95 0.886 NA NA NA NA NA 0.91 1856 0.422 0.338 0.79 NA 0.988 0.97 NA NA NA NA NA 1.342 1857 0.586 0.4 0.406 NA 0.942 0.864 NA NA 1.134 NA NA 1.34 1858 0.576 0.376 0.63 NA 1.144 0.896 NA NA 1.19 NA NA 1.04 1859 0.31 0.298 0.444 NA 1.012 0.552 NA NA 0.708 NA NA 1.064 1860 0.526 0.27 0.502 NA 0.906 0.59 NA NA 0.708 NA NA 0.792 1861 0.474 0.352 0.428 NA 1.15 0.738 NA 1.46 1.522 NA NA 0.85 1862 0.622 0.608 0.7 NA 1.314 0.564 NA 1.526 1.708 NA NA 0.954 1863 0.436 0.574 0.766 NA 1.098 0.578 NA 1.496 1.608 NA 0.936 0.9 1864 0.5 0.526 0.838 NA 1.152 0.534 NA 1.634 1.724 NA 0.742 0.968 1865 0.306 0.412 1.072 NA 1.108 0.694 NA 1.69 1.974 1.096 0.938 1.112 1866 0.438 0.672 1.132 NA 1.576 0.688 NA 1.882 1.46 1.034 0.994 1.012 1867 0.272 0.888 1.018 NA 1.656 0.806 NA 2.376 3.31 0.458 1.44 1.038 1868 0.198 0.628 0.626 NA 1.07 0.332 NA 1.298 1.842 0.464 1.686 0.97 1869 0.164 0.62 0.91 NA 1.04 0.25 NA 1.488 1.914 0.286 1.638 1.016 1870 0.188 0.46 1.41 NA 1.094 0.322 NA 1.422 1.508 0.522 1.436 0.972 1871 0.556 0.932 1.346 NA 0.922 0.47 NA 1.364 1.336 0.466 1.102 0.67 1872 0.578 1.592 1.124 NA 0.544 0.198 NA 1.35 1.156 0.686 1.478 0.784 1873 1.034 1.936 1.384 NA 0.812 0.296 NA 1.284 1.14 0.772 1.33 1.206 1874 1.388 2.14 1.93 NA 0.94 0.512 NA 1.56 1.272 0.648 1.682 1.222 1875 0.982 1.458 1.382 NA 0.696 0.382 NA 1.154 0.884 0.274 1.534 0.896 1876 0.758 0.656 0.412 NA 0.772 0.206 0.354 1.042 0.646 0.298 1.508 0.506 1877 1.472 0.696 0.362 NA 0.648 0.3 0.248 0.802 0.736 0.434 1.426 0.754 1878 1.808 2.228 0.372 NA 0.668 0.236 0.408 0.794 0.994 0.67 1.598 1.124 1879 1.72 1.784 0.258 NA 0.85 0.324 0.606 0.782 0.966 1.41 1.724 0.974 1880 0.522 1.076 0.284 NA 1.122 0.506 0.582 0.752 1.02 1.486 1.21 1.044 1881 1.802 0.95 0.338 NA 1.32 0.644 0.696 1.058 1.12 1.512 1.492 0.568 1882 1.612 1.6 0.408 NA 0.836 0.272 0.486 0.77 0.93 0.676 1.204 0.938 1883 0.89 0.334 0.246 NA 0.67 0.284 0.528 0.652 0.47 1.032 1.102 0.904 1884 1.162 0.976 0.286 NA 0.966 0.486 0.646 0.816 0.602 0.852 1.226 1.218 1885 0.404 0.842 0.466 NA 0.638 0.402 0.42 0.754 0.708 1.01 0.744 0.964 1886 1.1 0.954 0.382 NA 0.752 0.332 0.632 1.078 0.938 0.65 0.91 1.306 1887 0.708 1.112 0.242 NA 0.686 0.29 0.816 1.114 1.124 1.22 0.684 0.476 1888 1.486 1.984 0.308 NA 0.69 0.392 0.81 1.486 1.224 1.004 0.872 2.85 1889 2 3.834 0.322 NA 0.898 0.554 0.808 1.806 1.48 0.812 0.674 3.43 1890 1.992 4.266 0.462 NA 1.496 0.772 1.098 2.172 1.702 1.05 0.624 3.184 1891 1.172 2.904 0.554 NA 0.846 0.794 0.758 1.452 1.312 0.704 0.522 2.006 1892 1.84 1.642 1.874 NA 1.248 0.984 1.368 2.018 2.16 1.244 0.522 1.912 1893 1.714 4.456 2.156 NA 0.986 0.758 1.468 2.198 2.126 1.56 0.266 2.152 1894 0.934 2.46 2.69 NA 1.078 0.574 1.648 2.376 1.834 1.034 0.222 1.992 1895 1.44 3.31 2.796 NA 1.036 1.252 2.086 2.534 1.644 1.746 0.27 1.802 1896 2.05 4.614 3.18 NA 1.174 1.678 2.33 3.024 1.408 1.958 0.37 1.858 1897 0.806 2.522 2.16 1.856 0.996 0.948 2.288 2.726 0.986 1.688 0.328 1.644 1898 2.012 4.016 2.048 2.73 1.066 1.546 2.252 3.384 1.522 2.148 0.4 2.118 1899 1.896 3.478 2.102 1.762 0.816 1.29 1.598 2.528 1.29 1.418 0.306 1.512 1900 2.05 3.184 1.808 1.944 0.862 1.148 1.628 2.776 1.102 1.252 0.272 1.71 1901 1.32 2.5 1.084 1.254 0.52 0.948 1.026 2.748 0.876 1.188 0.152 0.962 1902 1.468 2.58 1.112 1.926 1.108 0.882 1.388 3.744 1.352 0.928 0.366 1.384 1903 1.808 3.098 1.948 2.598 1.484 0.864 1.734 3.602 1.688 1.442 0.582 1.876 1904 1.97 2.164 1.576 1.984 1.126 0.756 1.748 2.688 1.148 1.832 0.354 1.416 1905 1.344 1.254 1.216 1.018 0.838 0.484 1.688 2.228 0.748 0.968 0.424 1.316 1906 2.336 1.734 1.388 1.082 0.854 0.492 1.724 2.548 0.678 0.9 0.498 1.76 1907 0.912 1.056 1.036 1.056 0.4 0.266 0.632 1.45 0.276 0.43 0.502 1.76 1908 1.248 1.726 1.06 0.96 0.422 0.362 1.13 1.694 0.594 0.85 0.372 1.29 1909 1.764 1.338 1.084 0.97 0.646 0.632 1.894 1.622 1.124 0.896 0.36 1.354 1910 1.784 1.754 1.326 1.08 0.772 0.942 2.184 2.676 1.252 1.092 0.47 1.948 1911 1.528 1.38 1.06 0.668 0.576 0.574 2.214 1.826 1.196 0.862 0.45 1.598 1912 2.276 2.152 1.144 1.14 0.496 0.676 2.214 2.066 0.822 1.292 0.384 1.68 1913 2.238 2.216 1.352 1.282 0.762 1.032 2.516 2.692 1.27 1.13 0.446 2.042 1914 1.776 1.286 0.952 0.866 0.452 0.578 1.776 2.126 0.74 0.654 0.38 1.374 1915 2.522 1.804 1.072 1.286 0.614 0.622 2.196 2.232 1.1 1.156 0.484 1.314 1916 1.898 1.782 1.104 1.296 0.782 0.77 1.846 1.91 1.088 1.286 0.558 1.422 1917 1.54 1.752 1.084 1.084 0.772 0.8 1.532 1.734 1.898 1.43 0.436 1.544 1918 0.96 1.24 0.806 0.764 0.664 0.518 1.108 1.472 1.416 1.112 0.242 1.318 1919 1.134 1.352 1.202 1.148 0.784 0.794 1.852 1.914 1.846 1.204 0.398 1.326 1920 0.958 1.074 0.934 0.85 0.626 0.796 1.566 1.89 1.7 1.094 0.518 1 1921 1.052 1.034 0.768 0.726 0.344 0.898 1.472 1.316 1.348 1.046 0.526 0.796 1922 1.346 0.992 0.922 0.502 0.45 1.01 1.692 1.538 1.566 0.752 0.628 0.84 1923 0.612 0.728 0.554 0.626 0.21 0.43 1.004 0.746 0.706 0.734 0.378 0.616 1924 1.05 0.964 0.77 0.818 0.258 0.772 1.532 1.354 1.56 1.344 0.468 0.96 1925 0.912 0.97 1.024 0.904 0.148 0.636 1.964 1.792 1.84 1.138 0.408 1.182 1926 0.948 1.172 1.238 0.908 0.122 0.592 0 1.594 1.858 1.558 0.322 0.968 1927 1.316 1.32 1.35 1.196 0.182 0.732 0 1.852 2.264 1.818 0.51 1.266 1928 0.99 1.628 1.6 1.146 0.196 1.118 0.724 1.988 2.458 1.904 0.658 1.358 1929 0.918 1.744 2.07 1.006 0.206 0.864 2.038 1.89 2.222 2.744 0.714 1.076 1930 1.402 1.686 1.73 0.984 0.2 0.87 2.002 1.514 2.192 1.934 0.854 1.324 1931 1.538 1.786 1.876 1.102 0.28 1.408 1.104 1.61 2.208 2.342 0.88 1.316 1932 2.2 1.762 2.094 1.268 0.312 1.298 1.014 2.072 2.638 2.32 1.104 1.61 1933 2.79 2.238 1.842 1.018 0.25 1.222 1.36 1.962 2.222 1.724 1.202 1.428 1934 1.086 1.488 1.358 0.75 0.25 0.914 0.848 1.494 1.226 0.682 0.854 1.076 1935 1.31 1.47 1.492 1.078 0.262 0.864 0.89 1.32 1.572 0.814 0.856 1.132 1936 1.518 1.12 1.614 0.694 0.33 0.85 0.854 1.142 1.386 1.258 0.842 1.092 1937 1.134 1.42 1.536 0.88 0.342 0.87 0.842 1.338 1.66 1.046 0.872 1.306 1938 1.28 1.602 1.418 0.79 0.26 0.74 0.704 1.106 1.092 0.614 1.484 0.996 1939 1.564 1.918 1.822 0.896 0.336 0.812 1.066 1.456 1.37 0.726 1.994 1.088 1940 1.664 1.724 1.528 0.754 0.324 0.782 1.334 1.804 1.418 0.582 1.85 1.058 1941 2.236 2.232 2.152 1.032 0.43 1.116 1.68 2.498 1.614 1.382 2.394 1.472 1942 1.682 1.502 1.46 1.012 0.34 1.176 1.534 1.856 1.556 1.262 2.604 1.402 1943 1.828 1.79 1.504 1.02 0.418 1.022 1.528 1.722 1.794 1.098 2.648 1.542 1944 1.634 1.156 1.432 0.76 0.364 0.918 1.316 1.496 1.414 0.838 2.212 1.368 1945 1.644 1.218 1.792 0.824 0.326 0.91 1.708 1.6 1.42 0.816 2.432 1.048 1946 1.84 1.324 1.524 0.74 0.4 1.124 1.546 1.968 1.554 0.892 2.434 0.93 1947 2.524 0.822 1.256 0.924 0.462 1.23 1.44 1.494 1.266 0.736 2.746 1.172 1948 1.46 0.68 1.352 0.784 0.394 0.606 0.81 1.1 0.746 0.724 2.162 0.816 1949 1.39 0.642 0.904 0.896 0.466 1.068 1.234 1.336 1.314 0.854 2.1 0.8 1950 1.228 0.73 0.87 0.908 0.49 0.806 1.004 1.604 1.514 0.724 1.506 0.88 1951 1.692 0.84 1.138 0.818 0.464 0.922 1.49 2.052 1.964 0.884 2.186 1.42 1952 1.042 0.82 1.584 0.896 0.54 0.716 1.65 1.542 1.408 0.644 2.098 1.392 1953 1.124 1.226 1.38 0.884 0.67 0.748 1.76 1.798 0.77 0.686 2.126 1.326 1954 1.346 1.206 1.69 1.044 0.77 0.894 1.776 2.58 1.168 0.966 2.312 1.488 1955 1.71 1.41 2.366 1.158 0.406 1.09 1.736 2.478 1.65 1.128 3.56 1.914 1956 1.262 0.906 1.536 0.926 0.572 1.042 1.404 1.53 1.802 0.934 2.492 1.49 1957 1.772 1.39 1.474 1.344 0.688 1.292 1.342 2.154 2.53 0.812 2.608 1.94 1958 1.214 1.058 1.192 0.992 0.74 0.986 1.648 1.962 2.844 0.748 2.346 2.1 1959 0.88 1.05 0.988 0.66 0.664 0.654 1.234 2.262 2.376 0.908 2.352 1.174 1960 0.912 1.07 1.088 0.52 0.35 0.538 0.79 1.338 2.624 0.338 1.96 0.862 1961 1.258 1.386 0.648 0.732 0.652 0.78 1.262 1.726 4.4 0.646 2.442 1.032 1962 1.398 1.39 0.476 0.904 0.67 0.92 1.636 1.454 3.9 0.734 2.68 1.16 1963 0.97 1.308 0.49 1.094 0.614 0.598 1.328 1.824 3.21 0.856 2.984 1.284 1964 0.974 0.904 0.312 0.754 0.614 0.518 0.868 1.452 2.428 0.436 2.136 0.804 1965 0.89 0.764 0.382 0.466 0.46 0.418 1.07 1.388 2.592 0.448 1.878 0.612 1966 0.958 0.822 0.372 0.652 0.634 0.456 1.212 1.79 2.856 0.354 2.034 0.952 1967 1.218 0.638 0.504 1.202 0.694 0.666 0.854 2.12 2.686 0.524 2.808 1.29 1968 0.952 0 0.722 1.196 0.626 0.616 1.306 2.068 2.364 0.46 2.714 1.138 1969 1.118 0 0.876 1.222 0.588 0.778 1.454 2.19 2.712 0.644 3.486 1.27 1970 0.926 1.232 0.794 1.228 0.566 0.676 1.384 1.772 2.408 0.62 2.162 1.226 1971 0.96 1.458 0.846 1.32 0.822 0.808 0.664 2.152 2.486 0.662 2.488 1.192 1972 0.876 2.478 0.842 1.204 0.816 0.968 1.09 1.742 2.458 0.722 2.07 1.186 1973 1.01 2.462 0.902 1.844 0.922 0.974 1.43 2.07 2.42 0.712 2.308 1.416 1974 0.66 1.6 0.998 1.344 0.682 0.768 0.824 1.748 2.06 0.578 1.656 0.952 1975 0.682 1.322 0.822 1.172 0.448 0.694 0.47 1.342 1.76 0.48 1.598 0.98 1976 0.51 0.708 0.508 0.692 0.52 0.438 0.284 1.066 1.424 0.4 1.228 0.72 1977 0.252 0.53 0.224 0.542 0.41 0.318 0.234 0.836 1.124 0.342 1.122 0.74 1978 0.682 0.622 0.692 1.398 0.546 0.702 0.74 1.35 1.13 0.576 2.23 1.242 1979 0.656 0.82 0.954 1.46 1.014 0.902 1.84 1.832 1.432 0.842 2.066 1.436 1980 0.63 0.698 0.734 1.08 0.838 0.826 1.546 1.438 0.998 0.616 1.966 1.234 1981 0.356 0.766 0.608 1.046 0.69 0.97 0.874 1.534 0.748 0.402 1.784 1.072 1982 0.246 0.488 0.462 0.854 0.646 0.636 0.86 1.166 0.71 0.422 1.176 0.944 1983 0.284 0.386 0.524 0.608 0.58 0.6 1.05 1.34 1.128 0.37 1.456 0.946 1984 0.366 0.296 0.442 0.462 0.58 0.518 1.538 1.322 1.262 0.372 1.502 0.94 1985 0.78 0.446 0.632 0.94 0.914 0.768 1.858 1.594 1.212 0.41 1.98 1.032 1986 0.5 0.506 0.628 0.68 1.01 0.67 1.398 1.072 1.19 0.548 2.048 0.812 1987 0.738 0.684 0.962 0.966 1.024 0.84 1.37 1.158 1.188 0.714 1.83 0.832 1988 0.422 0.298 0.968 0.908 0.764 0.86 0.72 0.92 1.138 0.506 1.874 0.892 1989 0.43 0.314 0.818 0.722 0.644 0.678 0.6 0.976 0.998 0.518 1.346 0.548 1990 0.466 0.404 0.762 0.748 0.486 0.632 0.55 0.684 0.712 0.49 1.48 0.772 1991 0.18 0.186 0.568 0.65 0.26 0.578 0.58 0.832 0.692 0.498 0.794 0.318 1992 0.202 0.178 0.358 0.43 0.264 0.37 0.184 0.416 0.716 0.46 1.022 0.26 1993 0.506 0.404 0.482 0.7 0.47 0.506 0.484 0.612 0.75 0.524 1.812 0.586 1994 0.332 0.16 0.216 0.542 0.388 0.486 0.336 0.67 0.624 0.34 0.954 0.368 1995 0.492 0.59 0.432 0.732 0.456 0.626 0.684 0.838 0.414 0.506 1.42 0.48 1996 0.602 0.606 0.59 0.628 0.476 0.686 0.872 0.874 0.732 0.52 1.284 0.442 1997 0.752 0.814 0.86 0.724 0.462 0.606 1.244 0.974 0.992 0.632 2.092 0.532 1998 0.686 0.484 0.674 0.734 0.438 0.794 0.936 0.904 1.182 0.482 1.658 0.524 1999 1.002 0.754 1.332 0.546 0.478 0.808 0.976 0.878 1.12 0.642 1.69 0.598 2000 0.744 0.878 1.55 0.704 0.642 0.908 0.708 0.598 1.034 0.584 1.252 0.426 2001 0.818 0.726 1.348 0.692 0.54 0.922 0.934 0.556 0.762 0.47 1.418 0.426 2002 0.862 0.578 1.216 0.616 0.492 0.664 1.784 0.644 0.986 0.542 0.968 0.364 2003 0.764 0.672 1.428 0.556 0.482 0.848 1.08 0.804 1.37 0.394 1.358 0.316 2004 0.974 0.574 1.502 0.614 0.602 1.052 1.56 0.88 1.272 0.396 1.308 0.484 2005 1.086 1.934 1.852 0.846 0.848 1.384 1.206 1.23 2.11 0.608 2.18 0.566 2006 0.836 1.45 1.888 0.658 1.082 1.598 1.024 1.148 2.336 0.76 1.8 0.436 2007 1.338 1.756 2.508 0.77 1.418 1.748 1.322 0.912 2.188 0.726 2.024 0.68 2008 1.736 2.024 3.32 1.148 1.57 1.926 2.002 1.212 2.234 0.628 2.362 0.824 2009 1.024 1.57 2.246 0.878 1.274 1.726 1.76 0.972 1.63 0.42 1.672 0.89 2010 1.706 1.918 2.46 1.082 1.366 1.92 1.624 1.176 1.92 0.576 1.994 1.234 2011 1.28 2.316 2.444 1.112 0.986 2.042 0.722 0.846 1.344 0.344 1.534 0.674 2012 1.544 2.466 2.818 1.244 1.122 2.446 1.902 0.828 1.568 0.37 1.846 1.07