# Maxwell - Johnson Nature Preserve - QURU - ITRDB OH015 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34671 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-34671.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/oh015-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; oh015-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/oh015.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/oh015.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-10-06 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-10-06 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Maxwell - Johnson Nature Preserve - QURU - ITRDB OH015 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Maxwell, J.T.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-3146); Matheus, T.J. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Density of tree-ring network influence on drought reconstruction NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-12-29. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Justin T. Maxwell, Grant L. Harley, Trevis J. Matheus, Brandon M. Strange, Kayla Van Aken, Tsun Fung Au, Joshua C. Bregy # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Published_Title: Sampling density and date along with species selection influence spatial representation of tree-ring reconstructions # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020 # Volume: 16 # Pages: 1901-1916 # Issue: 5 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-1901-2020 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: Our understanding of the natural variability of hydroclimate before the instrumental period (ca. 1900 CE in the United States) is largely dependent on tree-ring-based reconstructions. Large-scale soil moisture reconstructions from a network of tree-ring chronologies have greatly improved our understanding of the spatial and temporal variability in hydroclimate conditions, particularly extremes of both drought and pluvial (wet) events. However, certain regions within these large-scale network reconstructions in the US are modeled by few tree-ring chronologies. Further, many of the chronologies currently publicly available on the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB) were collected in the 1980s and 1990s, and thus our understanding of the sensitivity of radial growth to soil moisture in the US is based on a period that experienced multiple extremely severe droughts and neglects the impacts of recent, rapid global change. In this study, we expanded the tree-ring network of the Ohio River valley in the US, a region with sparse coverage. We used a total of 72 chronologies across 15 species to examine how increasing the density of the tree-ring network influences the representation of reconstructing the Palmer Meteorological Drought Index (PMDI). Further, we tested how the sampling date and therefore the calibration period influenced the reconstruction models by creating reconstructions that ended in the year 1980 and compared them to reconstructions ending in 2010 from the same chronologies. We found that increasing the density of the tree-ring network resulted in reconstructed values that better matched the spatial variability of instrumentally recorded droughts and, to a lesser extent, pluvials. By extending the calibration period to 2010 compared to 1980, the sensitivity of tree rings to PMDI decreased in the southern portion of our region where severe drought conditions have been absent over recent decades. We emphasize the need of building a high-density tree-ring network to better represent the spatial variability of past droughts and pluvials. Further, chronologies on the ITRDB need updating regularly to better understand how the sensitivity of tree rings to climate may vary through time. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US Department of Agriculture # Grant: 2017-67013-26191 #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Johnson Nature Preserve # Location: Ohio # Northernmost_Latitude: 40.88 # Southernmost_Latitude: 40.88 # Easternmost_Longitude: -81.75 # Westernmost_Longitude: -81.75 # Elevation_m: 335 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: OH015 # First_Year: 1790 # Last_Year: 2016 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Quercus rubra L. # Common_Name: red oak # Tree_Species_Code: QURU #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## AJR01A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR01A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR01B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR01B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR02A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR02A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR02B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR02B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR03A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR03A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR03B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR03B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR04A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR04A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR04B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR04B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR05A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR05A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR05B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR05B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR06A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR06A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR06B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR06B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR07A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR07A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR07B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR07B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR08A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR08A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR08B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR08B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR09A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR09A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR10A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR10A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## AJR10B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: AJR10B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE AJR01A_raw AJR01B_raw AJR02A_raw AJR02B_raw AJR03A_raw AJR03B_raw AJR04A_raw AJR04B_raw AJR05A_raw AJR05B_raw AJR06A_raw AJR06B_raw AJR07A_raw AJR07B_raw AJR08A_raw AJR08B_raw AJR09A_raw AJR10A_raw AJR10B_raw 1790 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.725 1791 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.871 1792 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.87 1793 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.694 1794 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.544 1795 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.597 1796 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.741 1797 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.602 1798 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.558 1799 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.639 1800 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.505 1801 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.46 1802 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.616 1803 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.634 1804 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.414 1805 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.751 1806 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.759 1807 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.609 1808 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.788 1809 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.574 1810 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.473 1811 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.528 1812 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.721 1813 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.822 1814 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.723 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.819 1815 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.998 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.961 NA NA NA 0.861 1816 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.717 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.653 NA NA NA 0.636 1817 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.724 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.717 NA NA NA 0.414 1818 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.529 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.764 NA NA NA 0.652 1819 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.146 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.459 NA NA NA 0.838 1820 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.014 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.758 NA NA NA 0.57 1821 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.953 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.353 NA NA NA 0.44 1822 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.826 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.159 NA NA NA 0.602 1823 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.799 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.143 NA NA NA 0.564 1824 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.475 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.269 NA NA NA 0.816 1825 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.385 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.305 NA NA NA 0.64 1826 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.321 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.215 NA NA NA 0.565 1827 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.426 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.214 NA NA NA 0.714 1828 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.374 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.262 NA NA NA 0.462 1829 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.348 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.22 NA NA NA 0.743 1830 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.353 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.203 NA NA NA 0.634 1831 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.655 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.232 NA NA NA 1.287 1832 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.577 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.4 NA NA NA 1.49 1833 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.672 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.149 NA NA NA 1.303 1834 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.853 0.866 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.246 NA NA NA 2.122 1835 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.513 0.605 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.324 NA NA NA 1.573 1836 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.58 0.37 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.298 NA NA NA 1.802 1837 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.619 0.769 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.305 NA NA NA 1.701 1838 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.695 0.453 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.605 NA NA NA 1.822 1839 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.413 0.398 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.54 NA NA NA 1.32 1840 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.488 0.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.051 NA NA NA 1.322 1841 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.512 0.541 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.115 1.984 NA NA 1.48 1842 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.502 0.556 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.006 2.178 NA NA 1.688 1843 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.36 0.504 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.561 1.858 NA NA 1.696 1844 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.505 0.592 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.24 1.835 NA NA 1.979 1845 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.438 0.405 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.277 1.819 NA NA 2.904 1846 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.279 0.383 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.36 1.659 NA NA 1.851 1847 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.726 0.533 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.428 1.91 NA NA 1.764 1848 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.388 0.355 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.749 2.049 NA NA 2.322 1849 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.353 0.281 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.323 1.36 NA NA 2.965 1850 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.31 0.339 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.266 1.337 NA NA 2.072 1851 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.543 0.271 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.221 1.466 NA NA 2.772 1852 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.402 0.293 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.077 1.265 NA NA 2.717 1853 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.427 0.381 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.102 0.985 NA NA 1.755 1854 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.444 0.366 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.229 1.382 NA NA 2.287 1855 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.47 0.36 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.143 1.268 NA NA 1.751 1856 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.799 0.515 NA NA NA NA 3.274 NA 1.061 1.171 NA NA 1.866 1857 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.615 0.618 NA NA NA NA 3.589 NA 0.907 1.124 NA NA 1.654 1858 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.579 0.408 NA NA NA NA 3.068 NA 0.795 1.052 NA NA 1.434 1859 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.322 0.404 NA NA NA NA 1.607 NA 0.501 0.816 NA NA 1.737 1860 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.46 0.514 NA NA NA 1.952 1.684 NA 0.865 1.016 NA NA 2.195 1861 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.81 0.594 NA NA NA 2.259 2.049 NA 1.024 1.234 NA NA 2.833 1862 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.477 0.4 NA NA NA 2.156 2.445 NA 0.901 0.854 NA NA 1.541 1863 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.752 0.598 NA NA NA 2.714 2.553 NA 1.059 1.3 NA NA 2.897 1864 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.77 0.758 NA NA NA 2.657 2.427 NA 0.833 1.114 NA NA 2.867 1865 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.279 1.507 NA NA NA 3.185 2.707 NA 0.819 1.129 NA NA 2.416 1866 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.578 1.181 NA NA NA 3.131 2.799 NA 1.047 1.463 NA NA 4.134 1867 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.235 0.952 NA NA NA 2.521 2.597 NA 1.217 1.219 NA NA 4.096 1868 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.257 1.173 NA NA NA 2.361 2.2 NA 1.059 1.063 NA NA 2.79 1869 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.05 0.781 NA NA NA 2.301 2.356 NA 0.86 0.922 1.581 NA 2.087 1870 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.159 1.452 NA NA NA 2.441 3.533 NA 0.918 1.007 3.485 NA 4.077 1871 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.393 1.341 NA NA NA 1.518 2.606 NA 0.636 0.673 3.2 NA 3.347 1872 NA 0.612 NA NA NA NA 1.002 1.05 NA 1.654 NA 1.673 2.01 NA 0.583 0.678 2.687 NA 2.259 1873 NA 1.294 NA NA NA NA 1.677 1.391 NA 2.024 NA 1.935 2.345 NA 0.792 0.929 3.177 NA 2.217 1874 NA 1.47 NA NA NA NA 1.376 1.356 NA 2.043 NA 2.794 1.714 NA 0.896 1.249 2.829 NA 2.915 1875 NA 1.167 NA NA NA NA 1.018 0.714 NA 1.944 NA 2.154 1.289 NA 0.731 0.741 2.112 1.479 2.157 1876 NA 1.342 2.851 NA NA NA 1.252 1.391 NA 3.179 NA 2.838 1.646 NA 1.021 1.061 2.554 1.439 2.521 1877 NA 1.145 1.884 NA NA NA 1.627 1.721 NA 2.954 NA 4.017 2.004 NA 1.132 1.385 2.863 1.557 2.849 1878 NA 1.052 1.203 NA NA NA 1.974 1.477 NA 2.597 NA 4.263 1.903 NA 1.247 1.463 2.793 1.638 2.502 1879 NA 1.014 0.613 NA NA NA 1.513 1.682 NA 3.084 NA 3.558 2.228 NA 1.299 1.289 3.111 1.506 2.407 1880 NA 1.094 0.556 NA NA NA 1.809 1.703 NA 3.709 NA 2.798 2.181 NA 1.096 1.179 2.218 1.867 2.395 1881 NA 1.264 0.55 NA NA NA 1.485 1.698 NA 3.33 3.265 2.929 2.239 NA 0.968 1.104 2.662 1.942 2.475 1882 NA 1.826 0.701 NA NA NA 2.669 1.927 NA 3.996 4.874 4.151 2.545 NA 1.302 1.934 3.736 2.079 3.204 1883 NA 1.545 0.671 NA NA NA 1.483 1.557 NA 3.627 3.965 3.296 2.173 NA 1.427 1.294 2.69 2.101 2.552 1884 NA 2.073 0.646 NA NA NA 1.62 1.666 NA 2.618 4.632 3.024 1.857 NA 1.266 1.084 2.787 2.011 3.017 1885 NA 1.773 0.68 NA NA NA 1.158 1.22 NA 1.999 2.721 1.703 1.73 NA 0.933 0.962 2.7 1.976 2.948 1886 NA 1.986 0.47 NA NA NA 1.064 0.991 NA 3.127 2.424 2.1 1.478 NA 0.694 0.704 2.377 1.793 2.293 1887 NA 1.393 0.546 NA NA NA 1.038 1.162 NA 2.727 2.249 1.647 1.523 NA 0.66 0.817 1.93 1.355 2.026 1888 NA 1.272 0.603 NA NA NA 1.016 1 NA 2.364 2.44 1.623 2.06 NA 0.811 0.812 1.981 1.751 2.046 1889 NA 1.075 0.547 NA NA NA 0.667 0.888 NA 1.97 1.646 1.349 1.874 NA 0.714 0.951 1.916 1.464 1.896 1890 NA 1.244 0.64 NA NA NA 1.533 1.296 NA 2.892 3.142 2.266 2.473 NA 1.138 1.701 2.57 1.579 2.805 1891 NA 1.471 0.62 NA NA NA 1.133 1.23 NA 2.386 2.69 2.652 2.708 NA 1.015 1.44 2.157 1.696 2.309 1892 NA 1.287 0.549 NA NA NA 1.128 1.534 NA 2.202 2.522 2.288 2.108 NA 1.019 1.628 2.044 1.921 1.874 1893 NA 1.342 0.67 NA NA NA 1.301 2.131 NA 1.62 2.68 2.782 1.83 NA 1.016 1.884 1.851 1.364 2.189 1894 NA 1.195 0.576 NA NA NA 0.783 1.083 NA 1.213 2.118 1.892 1.414 NA 1.101 1.478 1.774 1.258 1.652 1895 NA 1.099 0.646 NA NA 3.19 0.842 0.838 NA 1.005 2.339 2.184 1.457 NA 1.666 1.909 1.738 1.643 1.95 1896 NA 0.818 0.584 NA NA 3.812 1.009 1.495 NA 1.278 2.182 1.902 1.689 NA 2.131 2.234 1.862 1.305 1.747 1897 NA 1.161 0.843 NA 4.106 4.098 1.224 2.326 NA 1.589 4.386 3.574 2.522 NA 3.792 4.211 4.419 2.017 2.747 1898 NA 1.204 1 NA 2.571 2.569 1.916 2.137 NA 2.059 4.583 3.237 2.833 NA 3.187 2.916 2.981 1.951 1.863 1899 NA 1.158 0.845 NA 2.053 2.341 2.439 1.584 NA 1.659 4.269 2.97 3.363 NA 2.745 2.355 2.702 1.782 2.024 1900 NA 1.509 1.042 0.63 1.915 1.624 2.629 1.738 NA 1.414 3.443 2.572 2.563 NA 1.817 1.543 2.416 2.249 2.133 1901 NA 1.283 0.885 0.682 1.73 1.705 2.589 1.632 NA 1.728 3.4 2.884 2.502 NA 1.88 1.811 3.546 2.93 3.53 1902 NA 1.748 1.086 0.772 1.839 1.367 2.185 0 NA 2.273 3.722 2.84 2.75 NA 2.31 2.019 3.6 2.231 2.704 1903 NA 2.038 0.724 0.486 1.422 1.721 2.639 1.389 2.911 2.773 4.074 3.956 3.518 NA 3.937 2.94 4.018 1.859 2.177 1904 NA 1.666 1.171 0.666 1.401 1.574 2.128 1.407 3.23 2.339 3.616 3.526 2.818 NA 3.123 2.505 2.699 1.925 1.855 1905 NA 2.135 1.786 1.188 1.194 1.601 2.355 1.276 4.22 3.644 3.782 3.936 2.996 NA 3.278 2.791 3.268 2.147 2.603 1906 NA 2.116 1.331 0.746 1.351 1.643 1.512 1.14 3.894 3.705 3.981 3.907 3.345 NA 3.535 3.671 3.624 2.201 2.359 1907 NA 1.73 1.502 0.983 0.918 1.554 1.889 1.302 3.623 3.141 4.028 3.691 3.501 NA 3.182 2.831 3.611 1.771 2.321 1908 NA 2.085 1.209 1.045 0.934 1.352 1.795 1.161 3.827 3.196 4.143 3.203 3.185 NA 2.732 2.688 3.317 1.961 2.289 1909 NA 1.722 1.022 0.791 1.041 1.456 2.049 1.317 3.12 2.214 4.304 3.146 3.375 NA 2.628 2.231 3.39 2.057 2.608 1910 NA 2.03 1.227 1.294 1.603 1.181 2.131 1.383 3.226 2.652 5.129 3.732 3.394 NA 3.221 2.471 4.163 2.117 3.057 1911 NA 1.771 1.026 1.313 1.487 1.144 1.391 0.831 2.34 1.746 4.221 3.122 3.114 NA 2.483 2.149 3.053 1.846 2.025 1912 NA 1.602 0.86 1.122 1.332 0.985 1.622 1.121 2.301 2.135 4.432 3.333 3.419 NA 2.503 1.895 3.067 1.62 1.977 1913 NA 2.158 1.186 1.966 1.264 1.172 2.282 1.666 3.347 2.847 5.212 3.457 3.508 NA 3.105 3.157 3.019 2.047 2.332 1914 NA 2.064 0.919 1.717 1.387 1.016 1.751 1.225 2.813 2.546 4.329 2.962 2.549 NA 2.015 1.781 2.602 1.62 1.873 1915 NA 1.837 0.944 1.462 0.979 0.699 1.38 1.047 2.548 2.309 3.213 2.053 2.021 NA 1.569 1.321 1.708 1.384 1.46 1916 NA 2.924 1.87 3.064 1.631 0.88 2.675 2.289 3.314 3.062 4.72 2.884 2.926 NA 2.561 2.282 2.802 1.851 2.579 1917 NA 2.284 2.255 3.026 1.67 1.054 2.337 2.164 3.093 3.31 3.818 1.641 2.925 NA 3.521 3.07 3.287 2.144 2.453 1918 NA 2.186 2.103 2.807 1.299 0.875 2.253 1.889 3.402 3.788 3.374 1.655 3.215 NA 3.068 3.11 3.028 2.254 2.462 1919 NA 1.828 1.079 1.911 1.052 0.725 1.513 1.293 2.338 2.553 2.438 1.2 2.64 2.436 2.195 2.016 2.119 1.418 1.677 1920 NA 1.527 1.053 1.601 0.877 0.616 2.274 1.742 2.513 2.849 1.844 1.116 2.341 2.55 2.66 2.46 2.062 1.431 1.677 1921 NA 1.375 1.056 1.622 0.905 0.63 2.179 1.41 1.986 2.108 1.706 1.025 2.257 2.908 3.32 2.685 2.113 1.995 2.363 1922 NA 1.737 1.624 2.863 1.155 0.761 2.8 1.606 2.071 2.263 2.207 1.024 2.555 3.681 2.548 2.906 2.82 2.48 3.369 1923 NA 2.053 2.114 3.797 1.311 0.816 1.822 1.817 2.772 2.29 2.193 1.087 2.576 4.306 2.504 2.247 2.885 2.818 2.942 1924 NA 1.63 2.033 3.375 1.148 0.786 2.055 1.845 3.502 2.941 1.952 1.322 2.279 4.029 1.422 1.654 2.336 1.716 2.084 1925 NA 2.742 3.38 3.638 1.382 1.04 2.797 2.462 3.733 3.159 2.445 1.619 2.532 5.337 3.199 2.945 3.036 2.283 2.774 1926 NA 2.556 2.824 3.363 1.376 0.954 3.041 2.381 3.177 2.674 2.156 1.344 2.294 6.531 2.505 2.52 2.626 2.071 1.851 1927 NA 2.785 3.187 4.982 1.41 1.084 4.123 2.719 3.57 3.335 2.536 1.982 2.595 6.352 3.287 2.616 3.156 2.105 2.617 1928 NA 2.874 3.146 3.994 1.628 1.189 3.512 2.986 3.28 2.592 2.282 1.514 2.339 6.155 3.686 3.45 3.366 2.548 2.325 1929 NA 2.801 3.251 4.199 1.417 1.31 3.655 2.759 3.446 2.553 2.444 1.445 2.244 6.283 2.929 2.847 3.243 2.278 2.868 1930 NA 2.713 2.443 4.221 1.465 1.522 1.742 3.75 3.316 2.992 2.649 1.988 2.309 6.131 3.1 2.964 3.659 1.705 2.357 1931 2.978 2.044 2.429 3.493 1.332 1.37 1.658 3.386 2.601 2.309 2.291 1.517 1.919 4.8 2.148 1.745 2.454 1.249 1.877 1932 3.226 1.867 2.398 3.487 1.249 1.392 2.059 4.101 3.902 3.591 2.373 2.05 1.869 5.365 2.784 2.161 2.571 1.735 2.253 1933 3.359 1.584 2.853 3.896 1.612 1.428 2.192 4.143 3.721 3.694 2.928 1.889 2.141 5.893 2.772 2.194 2.244 2.036 2.45 1934 2.583 1.508 2.535 3.509 1.407 1.156 2.105 2.646 2.905 2.805 2.731 2.015 2.22 5.046 2.685 1.882 2.149 1.675 1.622 1935 2.812 1.509 2.796 3.667 1.93 1.549 2.545 2.537 3.34 3.484 2.868 2.672 2.062 3.909 2.628 1.724 2.339 1.443 1.643 1936 3.761 2.026 3.249 4.295 3.681 2 3.166 3.051 3.347 3.164 3.601 2.777 2.557 5.361 3.214 2.196 3.002 2.064 2.846 1937 2.571 1.923 2.008 2.869 2.885 1.866 2.339 2.571 2.703 2.77 3.28 2.519 2.892 5.296 2.217 2.068 2.461 2.22 2.56 1938 3.956 2.347 2.81 3.052 3.293 2.323 2.876 3.54 2.408 2.381 3.388 2.508 3.028 5.483 2.93 2.445 2.389 1.371 2.265 1939 3.699 2.668 1.994 3.075 4.294 2.906 2.32 2.912 2.427 2.334 3.084 1.875 3.266 4.414 2.653 2.628 2.724 1.199 1.292 1940 3.252 2.784 1.948 2.911 3.305 2.477 2.059 2.076 3.042 2.448 3.563 2.235 3.001 4.354 3.147 2.584 2.725 1.546 1.978 1941 3.412 2.897 2.004 2.87 2.837 2.345 2.353 2.803 2.693 2.607 3.061 2.191 3.161 4.633 3.013 2.817 2.762 1.232 1.693 1942 2.662 2.794 2.149 2.657 2.915 2.116 2.193 2.63 2.178 2.073 3.306 2.267 2.984 4.071 2.518 2.364 2.475 1.229 1.21 1943 2.268 2.864 2.29 3.126 3.225 2.214 2.107 2.213 2.549 2.327 3.383 2.457 2.856 3.452 2.387 2.107 2.707 1.184 1.618 1944 2.553 3.233 2.737 4.15 4.09 2.875 2.385 2.541 2.377 2.177 3.905 2.162 3.077 3.855 2.674 2.854 2.653 1.865 1.973 1945 1.945 2.512 2.501 3.285 2.873 2.11 2.045 2.414 2.464 2.099 3.672 2.234 2.62 3.718 2.029 2.056 2.106 1.463 1.399 1946 2.182 2.659 1.922 3.079 2.366 2.447 1.834 2.148 1.986 2.312 2.939 1.946 2.508 3.724 1.819 1.965 1.925 1.044 1.034 1947 1.839 2.363 1.605 2.716 2.509 1.652 1.783 2.294 2.175 2.236 2.923 1.693 2.459 3.268 1.375 1.576 1.942 0.86 1.161 1948 2.726 2.913 1.331 2.731 2.926 2.168 1.914 2.322 2.138 2.085 3.214 2.029 2.847 3.511 1.924 1.83 2.05 1.406 1.386 1949 2.628 3.325 1.55 2.777 2.629 1.681 2.134 2.274 2.394 2.396 3.775 2.182 3.423 3.287 1.561 1.584 2.001 1.198 1.331 1950 2.681 3.045 1.936 3.887 4.392 1.865 2.759 3.281 3.721 2.837 4.268 2.442 3.121 3.785 2.026 1.831 1.734 1.396 1.121 1951 2.789 4.396 1.76 4.092 4.13 1.989 2.804 3.121 3.339 2.92 4.319 2.649 2.837 3.67 2.306 2.313 2.007 1.587 1.679 1952 2.187 3.284 1.395 3.215 3.736 1.901 2.27 2.427 2.738 2.305 3.385 2.53 2.148 2.876 1.614 1.59 1.794 1.402 1.661 1953 1.16 1.9 1.255 1.963 2.82 1.722 1.544 1.808 2.564 2.493 2.732 2.003 1.828 2.491 1.907 1.61 1.174 1.497 1.691 1954 0.96 2.052 1.41 2.923 2.526 2.357 2.104 2.439 2.803 2.629 3.446 2.128 2.106 3.035 2.168 2.026 1.77 1.768 1.863 1955 1.093 1.808 1.481 2.862 2.721 2.593 2.015 1.949 2.708 3.032 2.737 1.703 2.29 3.045 1.674 1.804 1.364 1.386 1.444 1956 1.188 2.534 1.833 4.239 5.624 4.826 3.078 2.695 4.456 4.11 4.608 2.511 3.03 3.865 1.838 2.142 1.87 1.459 1.56 1957 1.591 2.826 1.923 5.196 5.47 4.161 3.137 3.881 4.112 3.552 4.464 1.996 2.646 4.195 2.949 2.407 2.08 2.402 2.462 1958 1.762 2.864 1.851 4.19 5.456 3.862 2.879 3.128 3.513 3.171 5.072 2.27 2.902 3.693 2.086 2.492 2.466 2.208 2.229 1959 1.691 2.562 1.433 4.061 4.894 4.628 3.308 4.058 2.679 2.538 3.893 1.708 2.66 3.528 1.966 1.829 1.727 1.498 1.442 1960 1.656 2.818 1.399 3.853 4.594 4.809 3.822 2.776 2.886 2.726 4.019 1.958 2.51 3.843 2.031 2.235 1.766 1.893 1.105 1961 1.869 3.355 1.603 3.974 4.965 4.849 3.428 2.553 3.185 2.642 5.495 1.984 3.081 4.353 3.158 3.306 2.687 1.982 2.252 1962 1.782 2.992 1.876 4.607 5.464 4.369 3.668 2.291 3.091 2.637 4.374 1.807 2.586 4.838 2.495 2.671 2.349 1.388 1.314 1963 1.484 2.434 1.418 3.424 2.703 2.883 2.563 2.215 3.112 3.001 3.183 2.111 2.64 4.122 2.341 2.455 1.792 1.379 1.289 1964 1.336 2.139 1.556 4.678 3.537 3.829 2.689 2.962 3.089 3.158 3.15 2.331 3.115 4.586 2.824 2.873 1.716 1.395 1.518 1965 1.559 2.849 1.337 4.117 3.202 3.879 2.859 3.383 3.246 3.134 3.004 2.547 3.239 4.633 3.442 3.628 1.693 2.039 2.318 1966 1.746 2.422 1.36 2.728 3.854 3.912 2.536 3.492 3.295 2.845 2.603 2.714 2.578 4.046 2.51 2.902 1.584 1.69 1.567 1967 1.341 1.74 1.328 2.421 2.517 2.249 1.937 1.778 2.587 2.511 2.331 1.604 2.184 2.918 2.229 1.911 1.134 1.37 0.984 1968 1.19 1.689 1.418 3.373 2.632 2.292 2.229 2.112 2.453 2.297 2.216 1.561 2.054 2.877 1.687 1.773 1.057 1.136 1.127 1969 1.922 2.748 2.05 5.23 3.825 3.762 2.897 2.635 2.699 2.578 3.101 1.71 3.037 4.101 2.97 2.7 1.824 2.543 1.719 1970 2.078 3.593 1.53 4.619 5.083 3.835 3.876 2.287 2.505 2.359 3.718 2.515 3.262 4.387 3.218 3.193 2.155 1.858 2.025 1971 2.061 2.958 1.322 3.816 4.475 2.739 3.172 1.772 1.777 1.818 2.95 1.854 2.636 3.525 2.525 2.609 1.915 1.362 1.676 1972 1.912 2.682 1.518 3.08 3.538 2.755 2.888 2.821 2.367 2.211 2.6 1.713 2.319 3.031 1.92 2.192 1.754 1.166 1.351 1973 1.461 2.768 1.17 2.638 1.777 1.515 3.105 2.305 1.71 1.824 2.826 1.527 1.811 3.381 2.678 2.515 0.991 1.217 1.133 1974 2.388 2.825 1.635 3.969 2.718 2.734 3.158 1.604 1.672 2.379 3.432 1.443 1.583 3.302 2.751 3.251 1.975 1.272 1.344 1975 1.737 2.459 1.187 3.701 2.402 2.546 2.604 1.972 1.447 1.814 2.609 1.343 1.8 2.595 2.249 2.415 1.646 0.996 1.24 1976 1.7 2.573 1.454 2.948 2.988 3.299 2.488 2.998 1.86 3.16 2.896 1.963 2.057 2.807 2.105 2.3 1.378 1.191 1.191 1977 1.969 2.706 1.434 3.684 3.675 2.817 3.013 3.481 1.914 2.894 2.634 1.808 1.691 2.824 2.284 2.473 1.597 1.189 1.462 1978 1.786 2.827 1.187 4.882 2.427 1.637 3.141 2.78 1.944 2.493 2.441 1.877 2.213 2.819 2.474 2.448 1.084 1.487 1.791 1979 2.115 2.833 1.448 3.784 1.713 1.992 2.876 3.114 2.066 3.175 2.84 1.969 2.568 2.925 2.218 2.702 1.747 1.446 1.952 1980 1.916 2.742 1.284 3.424 2.245 2.273 2.48 2.638 1.733 2.55 2.399 2.039 2.614 3.007 1.612 1.951 1.207 1.045 1.395 1981 2.455 3.994 1.494 4.79 2.22 2.384 2.954 2.61 2.093 2.925 3.221 1.917 2.199 4.003 1.695 2.134 1.413 1.227 1.418 1982 2.045 3.179 1.399 3.758 2.162 2.001 2.312 2.381 1.96 2.634 3.165 1.635 2.23 3.555 2.297 2.261 1.32 1.205 1.388 1983 2.547 3.738 1.166 2.694 2.6 2.811 2.445 2.643 2.561 2.714 3.036 1.979 2.282 3.823 1.929 2.821 1.287 1.292 2.063 1984 2.382 2.835 1.421 3.125 1.788 2.46 2.036 2.493 1.745 2.351 2.79 1.777 2.27 3.773 1.997 2.113 1.533 1.003 1.53 1985 1.515 2.041 1.316 2.45 1.204 1.71 1.834 1.345 1.696 1.76 2.166 1.222 1.658 3.256 1.734 2.076 1.321 1.137 1.093 1986 1.838 2.815 1.401 2.812 1.14 1.702 2.866 3.213 2.196 2.765 2.483 1.484 2.003 4.694 1.956 2.385 1.365 1.194 1.87 1987 2.418 3.796 1.715 3.649 1.695 2.846 3.024 3.036 2.666 2.72 3.133 1.744 2.029 4.144 2.074 2.237 1.645 0.907 1.376 1988 2.4 4.263 1.698 4.037 2.215 2.627 2.028 2.475 2.078 2.824 3.102 1.513 2.186 4.19 2.24 2.207 1.376 1.103 1.284 1989 1.617 2.795 1.325 2.659 1.461 1.778 1.953 2.068 1.756 2.034 1.851 1.308 1.792 3.449 1.535 1.723 1.14 0.845 0.98 1990 2.017 2.753 1.585 3.515 1.511 1.705 2.019 1.88 1.566 1.545 2.662 1.22 1.638 3.535 2.017 1.918 1.11 0.972 1.215 1991 2.218 2.983 1.737 3.118 1.449 1.597 1.98 1.594 1.515 1.639 2.264 1.194 1.346 3.804 1.727 1.914 0.965 1.091 0.96 1992 2.057 2.447 1.473 2.331 1.67 1.456 1.671 1.335 1.705 1.704 2.071 1.276 1.328 3.411 1.588 1.664 1.197 1.058 1.251 1993 2.205 2.24 1.54 2.783 1.398 1.505 2.597 2.339 2.397 3.068 2.632 1.437 1.584 3.679 1.776 2.199 0.996 0.872 1.234 1994 2.259 2.89 1.765 3.587 1.943 2.326 2.294 2.023 2.319 2.449 3.334 1.636 1.637 3.742 2.112 2.211 1.365 1.003 1.146 1995 1.705 2.362 1.458 2.52 1.534 1.944 1.676 1.779 1.739 1.934 1.93 1.203 1.683 3.078 1.715 1.956 0.742 0.935 1.065 1996 1.583 2.25 1.531 2.736 1.774 2.007 2.299 1.98 2.306 2.237 2.628 1.309 1.513 3.055 2.148 2.283 0.777 1.193 1.847 1997 1.748 2.219 1.706 2.409 1.655 1.457 2.627 2.114 2.018 2.227 2.475 1.403 1.366 2.863 2.475 2.184 0.8 0.779 1.293 1998 1.941 2.333 1.632 2.924 1.535 1.586 2.114 1.931 1.78 1.994 2.446 1.398 1.297 2.405 1.973 2.138 0.755 0.888 1.312 1999 3.076 4.848 1.472 4.476 1.889 2.025 3.018 2.04 1.786 1.886 2.294 1.123 1.098 2.611 1.879 1.749 0.785 1.228 1.88 2000 2.334 3.263 1.644 3.483 1.712 1.755 2.818 2.542 1.976 2.019 2.274 1.016 1.482 2.616 1.828 1.894 0.823 1.139 1.521 2001 1.962 3.396 1.538 4.043 2.198 2.122 2.282 1.413 2.595 3.022 3.004 1.746 1.692 3.488 2.698 2.5 0.957 0.92 1.462 2002 1.879 3.331 1.515 3.076 2.025 2.159 1.889 1.612 2.534 2.643 2.932 1.449 1.299 3.118 1.898 1.785 0.982 0.835 0.998 2003 2.003 2.735 1.693 1.462 1.984 1.724 1.449 1.404 1.871 2.291 2.064 1.616 1.249 2.529 1.432 1.682 0.878 1.195 1.233 2004 1.787 3.676 1.527 2.383 2.062 1.626 1.749 1.781 1.791 2.16 1.769 1.428 1.39 3.412 2.742 3.096 0.603 1.11 1.525 2005 2.582 3.814 1.695 2.546 2.26 2.161 1.749 2.583 2.006 2.324 2.629 2.035 1.389 3.604 2.955 3.041 1.052 1.258 2.115 2006 2.217 3.463 1.62 2.381 2.137 1.811 1.562 2.231 2.301 2.402 2.165 1.632 1.536 4.257 1.985 2.731 1.179 1.056 1.89 2007 2.956 3.727 1.535 3.155 1.897 1.616 1.974 2.422 2.355 2.391 2.038 1.61 1.523 3.649 1.647 1.68 1.091 0.856 1.322 2008 2.927 3.787 1.708 4.249 1.87 1.69 1.562 2.294 2.246 2.289 1.926 1.436 1.424 2.701 1.424 1.851 0.964 0.951 1.16 2009 2.868 3.567 1.568 4.673 3.132 2.546 1.91 1.893 2.601 2.421 2.198 1.892 2.111 3.141 1.729 2.319 1.379 1.07 1.718 2010 2.233 3.409 1.722 4.067 3.319 2.225 2.247 2.417 3.538 2.344 2.418 1.626 2.392 3.35 1.959 2.524 0.93 0.641 1.311 2011 2.953 4.561 1.771 5.738 2.822 2.374 2.323 1.887 3.708 2.516 2.485 1.489 3.128 3.671 1.824 2.735 1.113 0.752 1.003 2012 3.193 3.965 1.686 5.016 2.629 1.697 1.916 1.393 2.699 2.035 2.043 1.313 2.757 3.796 2.863 2.925 1.079 0.864 1.404 2013 2.271 3.502 1.294 3.269 2.166 1.672 1.345 1.138 1.952 1.727 1.955 1.351 1.809 3.612 1.982 2.133 0.776 0.717 0.772 2014 2.889 4.293 1.243 4.795 3.248 2.256 1.874 1.464 2.39 2.067 2.764 1.519 1.817 3.442 2.346 3.037 1.084 0.926 1.128 2015 2.821 3.549 1.709 4.137 2.843 2.978 2.522 1.632 2.93 2.993 2.509 1.683 1.739 3.6 2.358 2.912 1.041 0.835 1.022 2016 2.837 4.683 1.438 4.33 2.713 2.164 3.293 1.627 3.92 3.377 2.549 1.637 2.084 4.143 1.605 2.419 0.964 0.61 0.93