# Larson - Yellowstone State Natural Area - QUMA - ITRDB WI059 #---------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #---------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/33961 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-tree-33961.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Tree Ring # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/wi059-rwl-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: Raw Measurements - NOAA Template File; wi059-rwl-noaa.txt # # Related_Online_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/wi059.rwl # Related_Online_Description: RWL File; Raw Measurements - Tucson Decadal File # # Supplemental_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/correlation-stats/wi059.txt # Supplemental_Description: Text File; Correlation Stats # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2021-07-03 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2021-07-03 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Larson - Yellowstone State Natural Area - QUMA - ITRDB WI059 #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Larson, E.R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-1659); Allen, S.A.; Underwood, C.A. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Oak ring width data from the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, sampled from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams. NOAA Template Raw Measurements file added 2021-10-19. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Larson, Evan R., Sara A. Allen, Chris A. Underwood # Journal_Name: Progress in Physical Geography # Published_Title: The Driftless Oaks: A new network of tree-ring chronologies to improve regional perspectives of drought in the Upper Midwest, USA # Published_Date_or_Year: 2021 # Volume: 45 # Pages: 375-406 # Issue: 3 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1177/0309133320960670 # Full_Citation: None # Abstract: New and updated multi-century tree-ring chronologies from living oak trees, remnants, and archeological beams from across the Driftless Area of southwest Wisconsin and northeast Iowa, USA, were developed to fill a spatial gap in the network of available tree-ring chronologies. We produced a robust 303-year summer drought reconstruction (June-August Palmer's Modified Drought Index (PMDI): r2 = 0.45) that identified clusters of extreme droughts and pluvials (PMDI <= -4.0 or >= 4.0) in the early 1700s and more even distributions of drought conditions, with the exception of the post 1930s period when drought became relatively infrequent. Compared to the Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) and the North American Drought Atlas (NADA), our reconstruction more accurately represented moderate moisture conditions across the Driftless Area, the NADA and LBDA more closely represented extreme pluvials, and our reconstruction and the LBDA better represented extreme drought years. The three reconstructions largely captured the same high-frequency variability in drought conditions and differed most at low frequencies. Significant correlations were identified between our reconstruction and corn (r = 0.30, n = 91, p = 0.002) and soybean (r = 0.25, n = 81, p = 0.012) yields, with the strength of the correlations increasing over recent decades suggesting a tighter coupling of interannual climate variability and crop productivity in the region. Superposed epoch analyses indicated significantly wetter conditions in the Driftless Area two years after major volcanic eruptions. In the context of long-term climatic variability, the Driftless Oaks drought reconstruction demonstrated that drought and pluvial conditions more extreme than those experienced during the instrumental record have occurred in the past. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Yellowstone State Natural Area # Location: Wisconsin # Northernmost_Latitude: 42.772 # Southernmost_Latitude: 42.772 # Easternmost_Longitude: -89.965 # Westernmost_Longitude: -89.965 # Elevation_m: 283 #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: WI059 # First_Year: 1831 # Last_Year: 2014 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: ring width # Notes: None #-------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Quercus macrocarpa Michx. # Common_Name: burr oak # Tree_Species_Code: QUMA #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Data variables follow that are preceded by '##' in columns one and two. # Variables format: shortname-tab-var components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,tree ring,,,N, ## YNA001A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA001A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA002A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA002A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA002B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA002B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA003A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA003A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA003B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA003B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA004A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA004A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA004B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA004B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA005A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA005A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA005B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA005B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA006A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA006A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA006B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA006B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA007A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA007A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA007B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA007B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA008A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA008A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA008B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA008B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA009A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA009A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA009B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA009B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA010A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA010A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA010B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA010B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA011A_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA011A; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 ## YNA011B_raw total ring width,,,millimeter,,tree ring,,,N,Tree ID: YNA011B; units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999 #--------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age_CE YNA001A_raw YNA002A_raw YNA002B_raw YNA003A_raw YNA003B_raw YNA004A_raw YNA004B_raw YNA005A_raw YNA005B_raw YNA006A_raw YNA006B_raw YNA007A_raw YNA007B_raw YNA008A_raw YNA008B_raw YNA009A_raw YNA009B_raw YNA010A_raw YNA010B_raw YNA011A_raw YNA011B_raw 1831 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.594 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1832 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.551 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1833 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.298 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1834 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.317 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1835 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.464 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1836 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.679 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1837 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.91 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1838 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.786 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1839 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.443 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1840 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.723 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1841 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.633 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1842 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.424 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1843 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.233 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1844 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.187 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1845 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1846 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.211 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1847 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.211 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1848 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.13 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1849 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.278 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1850 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.253 1.387 NA NA NA NA NA 1851 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.612 1.828 NA NA NA NA NA 1852 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.741 2.499 NA NA NA NA NA 1853 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.102 2.836 NA NA NA NA NA 1854 NA NA NA NA NA 2.506 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.619 4.361 NA NA NA NA NA 1855 NA NA NA NA NA 1.839 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.974 2.646 NA NA NA NA NA 1856 NA NA NA NA NA 1.857 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.867 1.439 NA NA NA NA NA 1857 NA NA NA NA NA 1.643 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.91 1.101 NA NA NA NA NA 1858 NA NA NA NA NA 2.547 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.27 1.461 NA NA NA NA NA 1859 NA NA NA 0.55 NA 1.482 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.614 0.952 NA NA NA NA NA 1860 NA NA NA 0.561 NA 1.82 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.698 1.44 NA NA NA NA NA 1861 NA NA NA 0.549 NA 1.693 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.037 2.073 NA NA NA NA NA 1862 NA NA NA 0.823 NA 1.778 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.439 4.53 NA NA NA NA NA 1863 NA NA NA 1.064 NA 1.356 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.91 3.451 NA NA NA NA NA 1864 NA NA NA 1.319 NA 2.264 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.609 2.117 NA NA NA NA NA 1865 NA NA NA 1.473 NA 2.096 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.995 3.428 4.556 NA NA NA NA 1866 NA NA NA 1.766 NA 1.693 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.207 3.451 5.327 NA NA NA NA 1867 NA NA NA 1.693 NA 1.947 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.926 4.044 5.228 NA NA NA NA 1868 3.704 NA NA 1.228 NA 2.117 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.825 2.286 3.493 NA NA NA NA 1869 2.413 NA NA 1.482 1.169 1.525 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.164 3.09 5.546 NA NA NA NA 1870 1.566 NA NA 1.122 1.083 1.608 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.122 2.921 4.572 NA NA NA NA 1871 1.651 NA NA 1.143 1.501 2.053 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.1 2.857 5.863 NA NA NA NA 1872 2.223 NA NA 1.376 2.149 2.964 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.715 4.34 5.567 NA NA NA NA 1873 1.777 NA NA 1.672 1.873 2.095 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.313 2.646 3.62 NA NA NA NA 1874 1.398 NA NA 1.757 2.381 2.159 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.611 1.884 1.312 2.625 3.682 NA NA NA NA 1875 1.524 NA NA 2.223 2.899 2.604 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.01 1.397 1.101 4.001 4.212 NA NA NA NA 1876 1.481 NA NA 2.476 3.344 3.704 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.18 2.18 1.863 3.471 4.128 NA NA NA 1.931 1877 1.312 NA NA 2.307 3.175 2.751 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.031 1.99 1.567 4.022 4.17 NA NA NA 4.196 1878 1.143 NA NA 1.143 2.286 1.376 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.841 0.91 0.698 3.027 2.625 NA NA 1.99 2.476 1879 1.481 NA NA 1.545 2.815 2.244 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.773 2.053 1.842 4.89 4.847 NA NA 2.688 4.805 1880 0.975 NA NA 1.672 2.921 2.328 NA NA 3.288 NA NA NA 2.9 2.265 1.524 4.996 4.614 NA NA 4.001 4.106 1881 1.396 NA NA 2.011 2.9 2.392 NA NA 4.05 NA NA NA 3.344 2.307 1.736 4.382 3.979 NA NA 4 3.895 1882 1.884 NA NA 1.376 2.307 2.201 NA NA 1.856 NA NA NA 2.963 3.048 1.948 5.504 5.165 NA NA 3.238 2.709 1883 1.778 NA NA 2.138 2.943 2.286 NA NA 2.603 NA NA NA 2.731 2.878 1.799 6.075 5.503 NA NA 3.26 3.239 1884 1.439 NA NA 1.312 2.18 1.588 NA NA 1.059 NA NA NA 1.926 1.799 1.206 3.726 3.069 NA NA 2.371 2.244 1885 2.18 NA NA 2.011 2.794 2.434 NA NA 2.095 NA NA NA 2.815 3.937 2.032 5.144 6.837 NA NA 3.175 4 1886 1.418 NA NA 1.481 1.82 1.566 NA NA 1.312 NA 0.699 NA 2.265 2.053 1.058 3.875 4.212 NA NA 2.053 2.413 1887 1.693 NA NA 1.758 2.604 2.032 2.393 NA 1.27 4.477 0.783 NA 2.815 3.133 1.757 4.593 4.72 NA NA 2.921 2.879 1888 1.545 NA NA 2.116 2.963 2.73 2.666 NA 1.841 5.662 0.804 NA 3.302 3.747 2.477 4.825 4.932 NA NA 3.472 3.239 1889 1.418 NA NA 1.884 2.816 2.498 2.18 NA 2.032 5.736 0.593 NA 2.857 2.709 1.397 4.192 4.635 NA NA 3.535 3.598 1890 1.1 NA NA 1.757 2.392 2.18 1.841 NA 2.201 4.89 0.635 NA 2.921 2.074 1.418 3.791 3.662 NA NA 2.286 3.217 1891 0.783 NA NA 0.974 1.482 1.313 1.101 NA 1.313 3.577 1.291 NA 1.905 0.932 0.783 2.284 1.736 NA NA 1.968 2.286 1892 1.757 5.958 12.059 2.138 1.904 2.244 2.075 NA 2.392 5.545 1.714 NA 3.091 3.047 2.498 5.737 5.08 NA NA 3.26 4.635 1893 1.63 4.986 4.493 2.582 2.117 2.92 2.604 NA 1.757 5.906 2.455 NA 3.45 2.034 1.503 4.106 3.619 NA NA 2.752 3.027 1894 1.376 4.148 6.478 1.968 1.82 2.181 2.477 NA 0.932 4.318 1.778 NA 2.519 2.581 1.651 3.261 4.212 NA NA 2.604 2.815 1895 0.994 1.862 2.73 1.419 1.333 1.608 1.482 NA 0.762 1.545 0.783 NA 1.609 1.185 0.91 1.079 1.163 NA NA 1.672 1.545 1896 2.095 7.494 7.451 3.492 3.069 2.307 3.005 NA 1.672 5.652 2.752 NA 4.613 3.389 2.73 2.161 2.752 NA NA 4.085 2.625 1897 2.477 8.064 8.509 4.043 4.339 2.9 3.747 NA 1.461 5.355 4.212 4.995 3.62 4.866 3.344 3.936 3.683 NA NA 3.916 2.921 1898 1.968 6.329 6.964 3.091 3.197 2.667 2.943 NA 1.079 3.705 3.027 3.789 3.027 3.09 2.434 4.382 3.514 NA NA 2.709 3.323 1899 2.646 6.011 6.477 3.874 3.387 3.027 3.112 NA 0.868 3.323 2.815 3.217 3.238 2.985 3.408 2.625 2.985 NA NA 1.672 2.54 1900 1.694 5.927 4.233 3.027 2.222 2.266 2.582 1.143 0.719 2.328 2.286 3.704 2.032 2.053 1.905 1.969 2.032 NA 1.591 1.482 1.228 1901 2.349 5.545 3.937 3.472 2.752 2.454 2.624 1.757 1.609 3.26 3.09 4.509 2.18 2.667 2.371 3.006 2.688 NA 2.147 1.799 2.286 1902 2.519 7.747 6.731 4.276 3.217 2.794 3.387 2.73 2.54 4.509 5.419 5.969 4.953 2.646 2.011 3.661 2.963 NA 2.415 2.625 2.858 1903 2.71 6.668 5.101 3.979 3.408 2.646 2.794 3.916 3.937 5.185 6.477 4.932 4.995 2.963 2.667 3.716 3.493 NA 4.339 3.344 2.603 1904 2.371 5.207 3.895 3.725 2.646 2.963 2.413 2.985 2.392 3.472 4.36 4.381 3.344 2.646 2.667 2.952 3.577 NA 3.408 2.434 2.561 1905 2.265 4.996 3.599 3.62 2.73 2.584 3.112 2.561 2.455 4.064 4.382 4.403 3.514 2.921 2.265 4.361 4.932 NA 4.128 3.281 3.112 1906 1.883 4.571 3.281 2.603 1.799 2.201 2.857 2.096 1.884 4.34 4.085 2.921 2.857 2.138 2.243 3.684 3.365 NA 3.259 2.011 1.99 1907 2.795 6.308 4.128 2.879 2.011 2.455 3.069 3.027 2.752 4.318 4.276 3.175 3.302 3.958 3.027 5.058 4.297 NA 4.276 3.599 2.963 1908 1.82 4.635 2.899 2.37 1.735 2.011 1.587 1.884 1.608 2.794 2.434 2.498 2.434 2.201 1.545 4.128 3.112 2.759 2.773 2.9 1.778 1909 2.434 6.012 3.831 2.435 1.545 1.905 1.99 1.969 1.354 3.789 3.429 3.048 2.942 2.54 2.138 3.937 3.089 2.513 3.26 2.603 3.281 1910 2.392 3.408 2.413 1.989 1.545 2.052 2.286 1.905 1.672 3.006 3.453 3.005 2.201 2.477 1.736 1.821 1.969 3.606 2.074 2.223 2.688 1911 2.223 4.529 2.9 2.265 1.82 2.563 2.731 2.201 1.757 2.985 3.235 3.154 2.054 2.581 2.117 3.831 4.741 4.699 2.984 2.857 3.048 1912 2.921 4.995 3.768 3.133 2.519 2.985 4.234 3.662 3.387 4.424 3.895 4.572 2.688 2.626 2.984 4.678 3.937 5.673 3.725 4.064 4.022 1913 3.197 5.038 4.022 2.794 2.773 2.836 3.45 2.964 3.112 5.249 3.979 5.059 2.603 3.704 3.281 4.954 4.615 6.159 2.963 4.191 3.408 1914 1.863 3.662 2.688 2.71 2.011 1.82 2.327 2.137 2.286 2.498 2.455 3.747 2.096 2.117 1.841 4.445 3.217 3.789 2.836 2.709 2.18 1915 2.858 5.99 4.847 2.752 2.71 2.244 3.239 3.133 3.154 4.361 3.111 4.339 2.519 3.556 3.407 4.403 3.048 4.191 4.043 3.514 2.667 1916 3.258 4.657 4.551 3.006 3.365 3.177 3.048 3.154 3.387 3.704 3.472 4.424 3.069 4.487 3.662 3.556 2.624 4.889 3.62 3.535 2.942 1917 1.779 2.414 2.307 2.138 2.54 2.2 2.477 1.461 1.524 2.561 2.244 3.196 2.434 1.44 1.27 2.186 1.46 2.159 1.503 2.053 1.884 1918 2.519 2.836 2.625 2.18 2.117 2.138 2.497 1.756 1.884 2.709 1.862 3.027 2.476 2.286 1.672 2.049 1.778 2.159 1.566 3.154 3.789 1919 2.942 3.535 3.302 2.371 2.223 2.519 2.752 3.281 3.133 3.789 3.196 3.704 2.582 2.984 2.731 2.074 2.032 2.286 2.582 3.472 2.455 1920 1.947 2.138 1.545 1.884 2.053 1.99 2.414 1.989 1.968 2.117 2.265 2.222 2.011 1.736 1.46 1.926 1.715 2.053 2.159 2.582 2.286 1921 2.223 2.518 2.117 1.967 1.989 1.757 2.307 2.117 2.202 2.371 2.499 1.99 1.905 2.371 2.265 2.054 2.159 2.053 2.095 2.074 2.688 1922 2.371 3.514 2.646 2.646 3.303 2.667 2.498 2.54 2.836 2.434 2.75 2.921 3.112 2.37 2.095 2.518 2.18 3.048 2.879 2.942 3.112 1923 1.884 2.181 1.609 2.392 2.37 1.862 2.308 1.905 1.524 1.376 1.651 2.646 2.117 1.312 1.44 1.504 1.757 1.587 1.651 2.434 2.265 1924 3.386 2.963 3.831 2.922 3.133 1.926 2.285 4.128 2.773 2.435 2.9 3.493 3.45 2.519 2.476 3.429 3.344 2.053 2.434 3.852 3.683 1925 3.112 3.303 2.646 2.582 3.386 2.244 2.011 2.265 2.18 1.902 1.482 2.646 2.286 2.668 2.244 2.688 2.837 1.947 1.968 2.561 2.307 1926 3.238 3.407 2.625 2.138 2.858 2.307 2.371 2.18 2.265 2.161 1.418 2.159 2.053 2.224 2.33 2.86 2.264 1.82 1.672 2.159 2.519 1927 2.624 2.328 2.498 2.435 2.773 2.244 2.519 2.667 2.159 1.884 1.99 2.138 1.884 3.067 2.898 1.479 1.503 2.222 2.561 2.392 2.582 1928 2.223 2.35 2.265 2.455 3.048 2.011 2.752 1.968 1.588 2.286 2.117 2.731 2.286 3.048 2.667 1.629 2.074 2.646 2.392 2.921 2.625 1929 2.201 2.773 2.582 2.35 2.372 2.18 2.942 2.54 1.82 2.138 2.032 2.878 2.392 2.265 1.884 2.055 2.371 2.159 1.926 2.053 2.688 1930 2.582 2.901 2.794 2.391 2.521 2.286 2.667 3.091 2.836 2.434 2.138 2.603 2.117 3.048 2.943 2.56 2.307 3.175 2.434 2.646 3.048 1931 1.461 1.777 1.524 1.694 1.906 1.418 1.841 2.265 1.926 1.461 1.439 1.821 1.397 1.736 1.375 1.144 1.249 1.799 1.545 2.223 1.715 1932 2.561 2.435 2.604 2.434 3.023 1.608 2.371 3.048 3.069 1.862 2.371 2.836 1.884 2.561 2.562 3.408 3.069 1.651 1.313 2.159 2.074 1933 2.879 3.492 3.027 2.688 3.45 1.863 2.476 2.562 2.582 1.926 2.286 3.09 2.752 3.112 3.027 2.752 2.985 2.709 1.884 3.111 2.582 1934 3.132 2.477 1.757 1.757 3.362 1.608 1.587 1.82 1.8 1.164 1.376 2.159 1.566 2.307 1.714 1.947 2.18 1.968 1.651 2.455 2.836 1935 2.964 2.878 2.286 2.117 3.281 1.842 2.582 2.879 2.963 2.328 2.731 4.212 2.921 2.497 2.54 2.095 2.138 3.196 2.308 3.09 2.286 1936 2.18 1.884 1.63 1.63 2.119 1.567 1.735 1.968 1.778 1.334 1.587 2.138 1.736 1.609 1.693 1.612 1.693 2.392 1.693 2.942 2.307 1937 2.752 2.223 2.117 2.264 3.154 2.201 1.757 3.111 2.709 2.117 2.689 3.62 2.561 2.858 2.773 1.844 1.968 3.535 2.582 3.302 3.111 1938 2.921 2.942 2.646 2.964 3.492 2.413 2.37 3.069 3.577 2.392 3.302 3.937 2.794 2.815 2.476 2.683 2.265 3.217 2.603 3.895 2.667 1939 2.117 2.116 1.863 2.01 2.159 1.821 1.779 2.519 2.413 1.863 2.752 3.154 1.905 1.63 1.8 1.926 1.947 2.857 1.991 2.815 2.286 1940 2.773 2.329 1.778 1.905 2.329 1.926 2.391 3.175 2.794 1.799 1.968 3.344 2.349 2.964 3.047 2.583 2.604 3.916 2.878 3.704 2.942 1941 2.984 2.837 2.434 2.54 2.772 2.307 2.476 2.731 2.836 2.075 2.71 3.43 2.159 2.011 2.709 3.048 2.138 3.196 2.645 4.614 3.154 1942 3.408 3.259 2.879 2.497 3.155 2.794 2.667 3.619 3.598 2.331 3.832 3.914 1.947 3.09 3.895 3.26 2.857 3.852 3.196 4.763 3.768 1943 1.905 2.519 2.032 2.117 2.899 2.667 2.032 1.821 2.286 1.966 3.07 3.133 1.588 1.546 1.863 1.82 1.778 2.561 1.905 2.815 2.18 1944 2.477 3.134 2.222 2.244 2.945 2.583 2.096 3.216 3.175 1.99 3.595 3.197 2.053 3.005 3.048 2.794 2.984 4.085 2.942 4.657 2.688 1945 2.223 2.158 1.821 1.99 2.157 1.609 2.033 2.477 2.032 1.841 3.03 2.773 1.545 1.991 1.884 1.905 1.696 3.45 2.328 3.387 2.138 1946 2.222 1.969 2.053 2.286 2.815 1.991 2.095 2.032 2.053 1.587 2.517 2.709 1.46 1.883 2.201 1.927 1.924 3.133 1.99 3.45 2.138 1947 2.476 3.069 2.582 3.049 3.006 2.116 2.329 2.752 2.118 2.434 3.239 3.852 2.18 2.498 2.498 2.842 2.392 3.81 2.794 3.768 2.836 1948 2.541 1.947 1.884 2.942 2.308 2.371 2.349 2.18 1.968 1.46 2.032 2.159 1.736 1.799 2.244 1.752 1.461 2.709 1.925 2.815 1.863 1949 2.603 2.244 1.905 3.112 3.069 2.857 2.074 2.223 2.434 1.608 2.646 2.35 2.138 1.926 1.63 2.73 1.736 2.688 1.969 3.006 2.117 1950 2.435 2.455 1.99 3.069 2.837 2.074 1.926 2.879 2.731 2.498 3.131 2.815 2.053 2.223 2.265 3.475 2.625 3.217 2.329 4.064 2.984 1951 2.243 2.032 1.778 3.43 2.983 1.672 1.673 2.816 2.583 1.63 2.965 3.598 2.371 2.37 2.984 2.96 2.137 3.45 2.201 4.614 2.858 1952 2.053 2.159 1.546 2.878 2.709 1.757 1.904 2.136 1.735 1.669 2.901 2.35 2.222 1.968 1.991 2.052 1.651 2.582 1.99 3.684 2.053 1953 1.757 1.46 1.376 2.328 2.117 1.714 1.926 2.03 1.863 1.294 2.349 2.455 1.884 1.99 1.883 2.477 1.99 2.455 1.842 2.836 3.302 1954 1.694 1.546 1.376 1.862 1.588 1.99 2.328 2.162 2.475 1.439 2.455 2.752 1.461 1.693 1.693 3.429 2.371 2.159 1.926 3.64 3.323 1955 2.011 1.63 1.249 1.968 1.503 1.862 1.905 3.088 2.119 1.185 2.265 2.159 1.566 1.841 1.566 2.268 1.757 2.222 1.714 3.493 2.688 1956 2.011 1.228 1.058 1.927 1.566 1.799 1.82 2.904 2.347 1.059 1.757 1.926 1.482 1.82 1.82 1.692 1.587 2.096 1.545 2.921 2.371 1957 2.012 1.376 1.206 1.969 2.074 2.032 1.906 2.515 2.076 1.185 2.138 1.926 1.291 1.418 1.078 1.904 1.482 1.841 1.439 2.413 2.942 1958 1.841 1.079 0.868 1.651 1.503 2.011 1.376 1.526 1.376 0.847 1.376 1.355 1.037 1.484 1.334 1.439 1.249 2.159 1.63 2.709 2.688 1959 2.011 1.397 1.503 1.968 1.969 2.159 1.545 2.137 1.947 1.122 1.969 1.799 1.418 1.838 1.312 1.885 1.376 2.731 2.032 2.265 2.434 1960 2.096 1.016 1.058 1.821 1.715 2.54 1.799 2.413 2.434 1.461 2.328 2.709 1.884 1.422 1.185 2.438 1.249 2.752 1.651 3.133 2.477 1961 1.63 1.545 1.482 1.588 1.693 2.54 1.842 2.286 2.561 1.82 2.117 3.027 2.244 1.353 1.143 2.283 1.694 3.45 2.181 3.429 3.641 1962 1.841 1.25 1.566 1.523 1.905 2.201 2.01 2.286 2.35 1.545 2.138 2.985 2.476 1.694 1.249 3.132 1.862 3.239 2.624 4.191 4.339 1963 1.333 1.205 1.141 1.651 2.202 1.482 1.334 2.096 2.307 1.567 1.841 1.884 1.503 0.994 0.868 1.397 1.249 2.794 2.032 2.561 2.624 1964 2.054 1.439 1.97 1.799 1.841 2.795 1.947 2.286 1.926 1.629 2.307 2.371 2.117 1.757 1.334 2.201 1.947 3.789 2.455 2.963 2.794 1965 2.18 1.355 1.544 2.138 1.99 2.116 1.546 2.879 1.82 1.503 1.841 2.371 2.117 1.693 1.164 2.422 2.349 3.535 2.096 2.815 2.709 1966 2.011 1.863 1.906 2.074 2.112 1.63 1.608 2.455 2.157 1.863 2.096 2.688 2.54 2.625 1.503 2.595 2.392 3.725 2.645 3.45 2.371 1967 1.862 1.651 1.778 1.905 1.973 2.053 1.968 2.836 2.034 1.714 1.82 2.709 2.456 2.095 1.228 2.709 1.757 3.535 2.519 3.112 3.175 1968 2.393 2.053 1.862 1.947 1.947 2.074 1.63 2.921 2.244 2.075 2.223 2.794 1.989 1.524 0.973 2.541 2.413 3.895 2.455 2.942 2.392 1969 2.413 1.757 1.927 2.54 2.223 1.926 1.778 2.794 2.158 1.778 2.54 2.773 2.18 2.138 1.376 2.645 1.82 4.36 2.815 3.217 2.222 1970 1.821 1.864 1.46 1.82 1.844 1.884 1.377 1.821 1.63 1.355 1.609 2.709 2.012 1.503 1.08 1.907 1.693 4.043 2.477 2.581 1.947 1971 2.476 1.586 1.397 2.159 2.072 2.074 1.835 2.37 2.032 1.884 2.075 3.133 2.73 2.413 1.312 2.413 1.969 3.683 2.667 2.774 2.498 1972 1.884 1.736 1.46 2.053 1.841 1.694 1.461 2.646 2.009 1.884 2.074 3.154 2.624 1.778 1.185 2.391 1.99 3.789 2.328 2.371 2.18 1973 1.757 2.244 1.63 2.349 1.736 2.032 1.693 2.815 2.097 1.249 1.461 3.09 2.519 2.032 1.249 2.625 1.693 3.746 2.667 2.434 2.88 1974 1.693 1.948 1.672 2.138 1.27 2.307 1.551 2.52 2.327 1.355 1.693 3.027 3.048 1.524 0.995 2.732 1.99 4.001 2.391 2.921 2.645 1975 1.609 1.652 1.524 1.906 1.333 2.032 1.693 2.097 2.053 1.185 1.546 2.752 2.138 2.138 1.545 2.242 1.376 3.514 2.054 2.836 2.011 1976 1.863 1.396 0.995 1.798 1.778 1.185 1.376 2.326 1.884 1.355 1.566 1.905 1.206 1.651 1.27 1.821 1.63 3.005 2.117 2.519 2.096 1977 1.588 1.566 1.185 2.646 2.18 0.973 1.397 3.112 2.394 1.524 2.096 1.735 0.91 2.54 1.588 3.768 1.968 3.747 2.476 3.619 2.984 1978 1.947 1.8 1.588 2.73 2.328 0.889 1.503 2.625 2.37 1.714 2.222 3.111 1.291 2.223 1.651 4.931 2.646 4.275 3.429 3.895 2.265 1979 1.799 1.376 1.418 2.095 2.138 0.952 1.503 1.778 1.757 1.481 1.99 2.075 1.164 1.651 1.417 1.969 1.312 3.62 2.244 2.413 1.672 1980 1.842 1.439 1.27 2.011 2.095 1.313 1.566 2.053 2.138 1.99 2.222 2.793 1.186 1.989 1.651 2.202 1.693 3.132 2.138 4.043 2.053 1981 1.651 1.058 1.206 1.694 1.333 1.143 1.185 1.588 1.524 1.249 1.207 1.631 1.016 1.376 1.059 1.523 1.143 2.435 1.587 2.964 1.545 1982 1.334 1.207 1.312 1.589 1.228 1.291 1.377 1.46 1.545 1.609 1.313 1.503 1.312 1.482 0.953 1.906 1.566 2.624 1.821 3.132 1.46 1983 1.143 1.037 0.931 1.269 1.101 0.952 0.952 1.461 1.374 1.291 1.079 1.122 0.91 1.102 0.931 1.228 1.037 1.609 1.355 2.223 1.164 1984 1.503 1.017 1.249 1.736 1.122 1.291 1.397 2.371 2.502 1.736 1.567 1.016 0.995 1.841 1.249 1.652 1.461 2.307 2.095 3.323 1.397 1985 1.714 1.122 1.207 1.651 1.122 1.355 1.122 1.566 1.88 1.672 1.736 0.974 0.847 1.227 0.931 1.333 1.397 1.905 1.799 2.244 1.757 1986 1.842 1.079 1.333 1.778 1.355 1.079 1.397 1.926 2.138 2.033 2.159 1.058 1.122 1.884 0.889 1.376 1.185 2.053 1.863 2.582 1.63 1987 NA 1.101 1.312 1.651 1.059 1.206 1.291 1.799 2.08 1.651 2.032 1.143 0.995 1.46 0.741 1.523 1.185 1.947 1.989 2.371 1.842 1988 NA 1.059 0.953 1.249 0.973 1.101 1.143 1.355 1.498 1.122 1.227 0.995 0.952 1.058 0.677 1.079 1.143 1.524 1.799 1.884 1.841 1989 NA 0.847 1.079 1.016 0.995 0.973 1.27 1.27 1.423 1.185 1.334 1.016 0.762 1.651 0.805 1.102 1.249 1.693 1.863 1.545 1.651 1990 NA 1.587 1.44 1.566 1.164 1.821 1.588 1.418 2.03 2.137 2.054 1.079 1.122 1.566 0.911 2.099 1.651 2.265 2.244 2.095 2.307 1991 NA 1.165 1.185 1.524 1.038 1.376 1.672 1.291 1.588 1.461 1.8 1.08 0.995 1.651 0.677 2.008 1.524 1.863 2.477 2.074 2.095 1992 NA 1.101 1.058 1.545 1.122 1.63 1.545 1.566 2.095 1.503 1.692 1.228 0.889 1.185 0.678 1.736 1.122 1.863 2.222 2.223 2.244 1993 NA 1.524 1.524 1.609 1.016 2.117 1.905 1.672 2.287 1.63 2.138 1.482 1.334 1.63 0.953 3.327 1.778 2.286 1.841 1.863 2.138 1994 NA 1.122 0.931 1.524 1.249 1.609 1.482 1.376 1.82 1.821 1.884 1.185 1.376 1.122 0.677 2.622 1.503 1.927 1.968 2.646 2.582 1995 NA 1.27 1.418 1.63 1.186 1.27 1.736 1.629 2.053 1.587 1.588 1.249 1.439 1.122 0.487 2.395 1.312 2.201 2.18 2.222 2.646 1996 NA 0.931 0.995 1.397 0.974 1.164 1.567 1.418 1.842 1.799 1.503 1.228 1.164 0.91 0.678 2.452 1.333 2.307 2.731 1.968 2.624 1997 NA 0.889 1.016 1.354 0.91 1.968 1.376 1.481 2.243 1.948 2.053 0.995 1.058 0.72 0.381 2.9 1.334 2.689 2.435 1.82 2.561 1998 NA 1.206 1.333 1.334 0.931 1.841 1.651 1.482 1.693 2.307 2.222 0.995 1.143 0.825 0.444 4.319 2.223 3.64 2.963 1.926 3.239 1999 NA 1.185 1.185 1.313 0.868 1.651 1.587 1.503 1.566 1.694 1.8 0.953 1.079 0.825 0.444 3.536 2.138 3.217 2.561 1.461 2.603 2000 NA 1.016 1.016 1.143 0.847 1.46 1.249 1.439 1.546 1.714 1.672 0.762 0.804 0.804 0.402 3.471 1.503 3.069 2.773 1.439 2.456 2001 NA 1.037 0.846 1.333 0.677 1.249 1.312 1.164 1.248 1.44 1.355 0.847 0.91 1.059 0.593 2.246 1.121 2.773 2.223 1.672 2.138 2002 NA 1.186 1.122 1.037 0.783 1.185 1.143 1.164 1.482 1.821 1.481 0.804 1.122 0.698 0.614 2.116 1.439 2.709 2.138 1.228 2.244 2003 NA 1.037 1.376 1.037 0.825 0.974 1.376 1.101 1.291 1.269 1.164 0.974 0.995 0.592 0.508 2.158 1.566 2.498 1.969 1.355 2.413 2004 NA 1.376 1.333 1.313 0.656 0.91 1.377 1.27 1.418 2.773 1.947 2.498 1.545 0.783 0.445 2.413 1.757 2.942 1.63 1.079 2.032 2005 NA 1.567 1.397 1.228 1.039 1.037 1.525 1.312 1.461 1.799 1.502 1.27 1.185 NA 0.487 2.287 2.519 2.751 2.011 1.926 2.117 2006 NA 0.952 1.291 1.27 0.824 0.868 1.143 1.313 1.842 1.799 1.63 1.1 1.206 NA 0.402 1.714 1.757 2.434 1.841 1.82 1.461 2007 NA 0.762 0.889 1.312 0.889 1.227 0.973 1.164 1.715 1.456 1.228 0.762 0.847 NA 0.402 1.931 1.862 2.667 2.54 1.947 1.947 2008 NA 1.143 1.609 1.228 0.868 1.27 1.165 1.27 1.756 1.994 1.757 0.804 1.037 NA 0.444 2.915 2.371 3.514 2.519 1.989 2.455 2009 NA 0.805 0.889 1.101 0.741 0.889 0.91 1.08 1.355 1.524 1.101 0.741 0.741 NA 0.317 2.329 1.672 2.963 2.201 1.503 2.138 2010 NA 1.079 1.143 1.101 0.529 1.502 1.1 1.164 1.439 1.587 1.46 0.783 0.931 NA 0.275 3.725 1.482 3.048 2.244 1.482 2.985 2011 NA 1.101 0.952 0.804 0.572 1.355 1.079 1.122 1.397 1.27 1.27 0.931 0.995 NA 0.36 2.434 1.439 2.519 2.053 1.482 2.032 2012 NA 0.804 0.889 0.847 0.507 1.312 1.164 1.27 1.376 1.101 0.953 0.868 0.783 NA 0.317 1.483 1.016 2.138 1.905 1.334 1.587 2013 NA 0.931 1.27 1.015 0.445 1.227 1.185 1.481 1.566 1.143 0.974 0.868 0.974 NA 0.317 1.905 1.079 2.286 2.117 1.63 1.587 2014 NA 0.91 0.995 1.143 0.359 1.27 1.376 1.524 1.566 1.355 1.143 1.016 1.037 NA 0.381 2.202 1.333 2.646 2.413 1.99 1.672