# Tropical Belt 800 Year Early Spring Northern Boundary Position Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25050 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/alfaro-sanchez2018trop-belt.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: atmospheric circulation #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-10-09 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2018-10-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Tropical Belt 800 Year Early Spring Northern Boundary Position Reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Alfaro-Sánchez, R.; Nguyen, H.; Klesse, S.; Hudson, A.; Belmecheri, S.; Köse, N.; Diaz, H.F.; Monson, R.K.; Villalba, R.; Trouet, V. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Tree-ring based reconstruction of the Tropical belt northern boundary position in early spring (February to April) #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: R. Alfaro-Sánchez, H. Nguyen, S. Klesse, A. Hudson, S. Belmecheri, N. Köse, H.F. Diaz, R.K. Monson, R. Villalba, V. Trouet # Published_Date_or_Year: 2018-10-15 # Published_Title: Climatic and volcanic forcing of tropical belt northern boundary over the past 800 years # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0242-1 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Northern Hemisphere to reconstruct the movement of the northern boundary of the early spring tropical belt over the past 800 years (1203-2003 AD). Our reconstruction explains 45% of the interannual variance in the latitudinal extent of the Hadley circulation, a metric of the position of the tropical belt boundary. We find that the tropical belt contracted (expanded) during positive (negative) phases of the El Nińo Southern Oscillation and Pacific North American teleconnection patterns. The tropical belt also contracted significantly following major volcanic events that injected sulfur into the stratosphere. The longest period of persistent tropical belt expansion occurred in the late sixteenth century, during one of the coldest periods of the Little Ice Age. Our results warn of potential socio-economic consequences of future variations in tropical belt width driven by natural climate variability or stratospheric aerosol injections, whether volcanic or artificial. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1349942 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US NSF Emerging Frontiers Section in the Division of Environmental Biology # Grant: 1065790 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness # Grant: Juan de la Cierva -Formación-FJCI-2015-26848 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US Department of Agriculture-AFRI # Grant: 2016-67003-24944 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US NSF Ecosystems Program # Grant: 1754430 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Northern Hemisphere # Location: Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: 0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: AlfaroSanchez2018Trop-Belt # First_Year: 1203 # Last_Year: 2003 # Time_Unit: Year CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_CE age,,,years CE,,,,,N, ## TBNB Tropical belt northern boundary position, tree ring width,,degree north,Feb-Apr,climate reconstructions,,regression analysis,N, ## TBNB1se- Tropical belt northern boundary position lower error,tree ring width,one standard error lower bound,degree north,Feb-Apr,climate reconstructions,,,N,error includes analytical and calibration uncertainty ## TBNB1se+ Tropical belt northern boundary position upper error,tree ring width,one standard error upper bound,degree north,Feb-Apr,climate reconstructions,,,N,error includes analytical and calibration uncertainty ## TBNB_instr northern extent of the Hadley Circulation,multiple proxies,,degree north,Feb-Apr,instrumental,Twentieth Century Reanalysis,,N, # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: age_CE TBNB TBNB1se- TBNB1se+ TBNB_instr 1203 21.6388 20.5978 22.8317 1204 22.2688 21.2664 23.4105 1205 24.8022 23.6153 26.1713 1206 24.5347 23.2493 26.0022 1207 21.7098 20.576 22.9174 1208 22.8663 21.7912 24.0459 1209 21.9075 20.8729 23.0469 1210 22.0845 21.0711 23.2348 1211 21.415 20.2678 22.7265 1212 22.4085 21.3352 23.6393 1213 23.4297 22.3993 24.6108 1214 25.0064 23.8669 26.2941 1215 23.0201 21.8726 24.2422 1216 23.4421 22.3311 24.665 1217 25.8659 24.6376 27.2146 1218 24.1761 23.014 25.4518 1219 23.6806 22.6128 24.9185 1220 22.8664 21.8286 24.0334 1221 22.7498 21.5923 24.0136 1222 24.2111 23.1402 25.4246 1223 23.4952 22.4618 24.6845 1224 23.458 22.4085 24.6106 1225 21.9015 20.7574 23.1348 1226 22.1129 21.0991 23.2746 1227 24.5622 23.3595 25.8462 1228 22.7901 21.7274 24.0301 1229 21.3658 20.2191 22.6414 1230 22.7954 21.6447 24.1225 1231 22.3532 21.3041 23.5605 1232 21.9411 20.7878 23.2654 1233 23.1792 22.0949 24.4159 1234 22.9845 21.8581 24.2087 1235 23.1795 22.0923 24.4145 1236 21.5448 20.401 22.7677 1237 22.7652 21.759 23.9181 1238 21.6441 20.5208 22.9165 1239 22.5116 21.4782 23.6714 1240 21.9512 20.8032 23.2117 1241 21.0376 19.7486 22.5155 1242 19.4669 18.3155 20.7427 1243 22.3879 21.3641 23.5503 1244 21.4856 20.382 22.7433 1245 24.5668 23.4586 25.8479 1246 24.0748 22.9973 25.2945 1247 22.9524 21.8078 24.251 1248 22.4942 21.4722 23.6736 1249 22.8444 21.7238 24.1702 1250 24.9447 23.7878 26.2553 1251 24.4096 23.2113 25.6864 1252 22.0509 20.9732 23.2509 1253 22.4664 21.3847 23.6972 1254 24.3281 23.0911 25.6353 1255 20.9218 19.8139 22.1256 1256 20.8015 19.6121 22.079 1257 22.7277 21.7138 23.8532 1258 23.0408 21.7422 24.3952 1259 21.1867 20.12 22.3986 1260 22.421 21.3784 23.576 1261 22.9034 21.9151 24.0142 1262 21.9174 20.872 23.1074 1263 23.8448 22.8229 25.0079 1264 22.4718 21.4746 23.598 1265 23.3823 22.3463 24.5707 1266 25.4045 24.1236 26.8694 1267 26.6432 25.1636 28.3557 1268 25.185 23.6759 26.941 1269 23.268 22.2282 24.4268 1270 22.8166 21.7829 23.9756 1271 20.8973 19.7034 22.2047 1272 22.385 21.358 23.5264 1273 24.54 23.339 25.8591 1274 24.2208 23.1605 25.3982 1275 22.8442 21.815 24.0351 1276 23.2921 22.1198 24.5337 1277 24.5015 23.424 25.7123 1278 24.4644 23.403 25.6567 1279 23.3758 22.3324 24.5304 1280 23.9324 22.7449 25.1945 1281 22.0317 20.9329 23.2131 1282 23.9983 22.9735 25.1531 1283 25.7411 24.5326 27.0648 1284 23.0422 22.0567 24.1525 1285 23.2997 22.0945 24.5743 1286 23.2283 22.0279 24.4952 1287 22.8624 21.7533 24.056 1288 23.9692 22.7643 25.2564 1289 23.0094 21.8893 24.2272 1290 22.201 21.1773 23.336 1291 23.4294 22.407 24.5598 1292 22.5577 21.3989 23.7984 1293 22.0708 20.9575 23.2764 1294 22.4592 21.3991 23.6112 1295 23.5917 22.341 24.902 1296 24.1425 23.0615 25.3548 1297 23.6222 22.5711 24.8021 1298 22.9463 21.9424 24.0856 1299 24.0458 22.9476 25.264 1300 22.3713 21.3149 23.5488 1301 21.0707 20.0078 22.2434 1302 19.3184 18.1421 20.6038 1303 21.4093 20.3659 22.5851 1304 21.0452 19.9174 22.2626 1305 19.7767 18.6269 21.0455 1306 21.2441 20.1629 22.448 1307 22.7676 21.7163 23.913 1308 22.1861 21.0074 23.4348 1309 22.5822 21.4139 23.9132 1310 21.4845 20.314 22.8675 1311 23.6672 22.3283 25.188 1312 23.5658 22.4444 24.8777 1313 21.4409 20.334 22.7419 1314 24.2206 23.0297 25.6146 1315 25.3971 24.1074 26.8435 1316 25.8315 24.6516 27.1601 1317 23.5594 22.5226 24.7164 1318 27.0107 25.4878 28.7661 1319 22.6438 21.4217 24.0036 1320 22.489 21.4882 23.6263 1321 25.2304 23.8519 26.8581 1322 23.5492 22.5238 24.7197 1323 24.5784 23.4098 25.8731 1324 24.6961 23.6013 25.9497 1325 21.3725 20.1693 22.7774 1326 21.7159 20.6441 22.9221 1327 22.6739 21.537 23.9391 1328 23.0758 21.9775 24.2972 1329 21.3903 20.2171 22.6365 1330 24.283 23.0547 25.7124 1331 22.8314 21.7054 24.164 1332 22.0454 20.9497 23.3294 1333 22.3409 21.2118 23.6781 1334 23.8283 22.6767 25.1767 1335 24.81 23.5798 26.1703 1336 22.7332 21.7295 23.8738 1337 22.19 21.1474 23.3959 1338 26.0028 24.6909 27.4607 1339 23.4545 22.3805 24.6838 1340 24.0458 23.0029 25.2162 1341 26.6867 25.0765 28.481 1342 23.2059 22.1271 24.4041 1343 23.9313 22.77 25.1979 1344 22.0323 20.9125 23.2456 1345 23.3121 22.2898 24.4839 1346 22.3301 21.111 23.6897 1347 23.7019 22.549 24.9453 1348 23.2362 22.1439 24.4657 1349 22.0827 20.9848 23.2756 1350 24.1662 22.989 25.4508 1351 24.6393 23.5227 25.872 1352 22.9013 21.7575 24.1535 1353 21.1527 20.0988 22.3474 1354 22.9814 21.9484 24.1784 1355 24.8216 23.7083 26.0874 1356 23.0638 22.0265 24.2502 1357 23.9803 22.8482 25.3068 1358 21.3761 20.3242 22.5776 1359 24.1988 23.0434 25.5652 1360 23.3176 22.1388 24.601 1361 23.4441 22.3345 24.675 1362 23.8282 22.8096 24.9697 1363 25.6464 24.4589 26.9894 1364 23.4658 22.3586 24.6881 1365 23.9678 22.8745 25.1844 1366 23.3236 22.233 24.5725 1367 23.3824 22.2778 24.6172 1368 22.4082 21.4094 23.5422 1369 21.6849 20.4893 22.9475 1370 21.6879 20.6675 22.838 1371 23.7753 22.7482 24.9502 1372 22.9744 21.9765 24.1106 1373 24.5816 23.3833 25.9949 1374 22.758 21.6484 24.0676 1375 26.7477 25.1686 28.5251 1376 22.8428 21.6638 24.0919 1377 24.3581 23.218 25.6447 1378 23.0469 22.0455 24.1895 1379 22.2962 21.1904 23.4847 1380 20.2528 19.1291 21.5355 1381 24.137 23.0326 25.4286 1382 23.9477 22.9052 25.126 1383 21.839 20.7999 23.0378 1384 21.0121 19.8224 22.3317 1385 21.0293 19.9483 22.2325 1386 20.7105 19.6141 21.9812 1387 20.8561 19.5635 22.2786 1388 21.8151 20.6006 23.1864 1389 24.3263 23.279 25.5076 1390 23.1672 22.0855 24.3602 1391 23.2956 22.2412 24.4788 1392 20.6855 19.5783 21.9095 1393 22.6707 21.6091 23.8794 1394 21.5917 20.4511 22.9382 1395 24.2133 23.0792 25.5035 1396 21.5136 20.462 22.6885 1397 24.0982 23.0125 25.3029 1398 22.8776 21.8571 24.0017 1399 23.9972 22.9116 25.2036 1400 22.3195 21.2066 23.5369 1401 22.9444 21.874 24.1143 1402 26.1664 24.9299 27.584 1403 25.0031 23.7008 26.4194 1404 23.8268 22.7648 25.0525 1405 26.0341 24.7379 27.5058 1406 23.9414 22.7139 25.3191 1407 26.1379 24.8876 27.5684 1408 24.1737 23.1203 25.3632 1409 22.6126 21.4621 23.9589 1410 22.4718 21.469 23.5869 1411 22.9134 21.7224 24.177 1412 21.3449 20.3052 22.5195 1413 24.8209 23.6718 26.0882 1414 23.2582 22.1621 24.5449 1415 22.5851 21.3627 23.8978 1416 23.9321 22.8447 25.1658 1417 24.4095 23.2896 25.7087 1418 24.2428 23.1845 25.4313 1419 23.046 21.8603 24.3114 1420 23.6396 22.6008 24.8295 1421 23.0827 21.7934 24.4529 1422 22.0989 21.0064 23.2943 1423 22.9622 21.8822 24.1332 1424 22.8137 21.8241 23.9385 1425 22.9647 21.8696 24.1872 1426 25.9165 24.3544 27.6975 1427 23.4425 22.3511 24.7157 1428 22.832 21.6148 24.2296 1429 24.7651 23.5186 26.1579 1430 23.014 22.0284 24.1323 1431 22.2286 21.2162 23.352 1432 22.8891 21.8323 24.1217 1433 22.0959 21.0843 23.2381 1434 23.2872 22.2699 24.456 1435 22.5224 21.4801 23.668 1436 20.4242 19.2629 21.6729 1437 24.0069 22.9774 25.1618 1438 22.9127 21.7859 24.1179 1439 23.1335 22.0914 24.3055 1440 22.4625 21.4439 23.6262 1441 21.6192 20.5197 22.8834 1442 23.5869 22.562 24.7292 1443 25.4235 24.1203 26.9176 1444 22.5093 21.3705 23.7375 1445 25.328 24.1586 26.633 1446 25.2491 24.107 26.5144 1447 22.6888 21.663 23.8306 1448 23.5099 22.4726 24.6504 1449 22.5902 21.4582 23.8032 1450 22.4738 21.1913 23.8028 1451 19.8573 18.6533 21.1387 1452 21.7405 20.5114 23.0715 1453 20.8279 19.72 22.0329 1454 21.0881 19.9059 22.3468 1455 21.8603 20.5371 23.2222 1456 21.3335 20.1752 22.5706 1457 22.8139 21.5758 24.1122 1458 19.9235 18.7666 21.1835 1459 22.8046 21.6966 24.0031 1460 23.3282 22.2419 24.5179 1461 24.5009 23.2842 25.8328 1462 22.4646 21.4066 23.6917 1463 23.0438 22.0193 24.1736 1464 25.422 24.2546 26.7094 1465 24.5397 23.4059 25.7755 1466 23.5841 22.3176 25.0143 1467 21.9971 20.927 23.2145 1468 21.2244 20.0571 22.4614 1469 21.8997 20.8671 23.0709 1470 22.1003 21.0485 23.2559 1471 24.6642 23.4303 25.9903 1472 22.2368 21.0823 23.4671 1473 23.3411 22.2623 24.5108 1474 22.7372 21.6138 23.9631 1475 23.9592 22.8733 25.1427 1476 21.6602 20.5782 22.8311 1477 22.0815 21.0751 23.2135 1478 22.973 21.73 24.3459 1479 23.8822 22.7943 25.0842 1480 24.8818 23.4894 26.365 1481 22.6874 21.4943 23.978 1482 21.6622 20.6071 22.8211 1483 22.6206 21.5905 23.7802 1484 19.3673 18.2099 20.6548 1485 21.3885 20.3384 22.5757 1486 21.0723 20.0074 22.2578 1487 24.8435 23.6937 26.1304 1488 21.8756 20.8249 23.0402 1489 22.3404 21.2179 23.6367 1490 21.5567 20.5156 22.7281 1491 20.2569 19.1143 21.5797 1492 20.1782 19.0239 21.4221 1493 23.5897 22.4248 24.9101 1494 22.1376 21.0581 23.3204 1495 23.6115 22.2403 25.0499 1496 22.0472 20.8925 23.2705 1497 22.5712 21.4829 23.7428 1498 22.5571 21.514 23.7448 1499 20.7149 19.5603 21.9496 1500 25.7992 24.5352 27.178 1501 23.7069 22.6696 24.8516 1502 21.9291 20.8684 23.088 1503 22.201 21.1215 23.3871 1504 25.2694 23.9734 26.7414 1505 21.9789 20.8711 23.1659 1506 25.9899 24.7821 27.3243 1507 23.5832 22.5252 24.8085 1508 23.389 22.3295 24.6127 1509 23.3081 22.1425 24.6489 1510 22.558 21.407 23.784 1511 21.379 20.3213 22.5793 1512 22.0863 20.9447 23.3801 1513 21.5586 20.4417 22.8218 1514 21.4337 20.3809 22.6462 1515 22.0875 21.0255 23.2408 1516 23.8055 22.7439 24.9682 1517 24.0701 22.9866 25.2788 1518 23.3338 22.3326 24.4536 1519 22.5665 21.5765 23.6826 1520 21.4304 20.3954 22.582 1521 24.6146 23.5055 25.9006 1522 24.6306 23.5421 25.8389 1523 24.5306 23.4535 25.74 1524 25.0797 23.6515 26.6637 1525 23.271 22.1542 24.5293 1526 22.842 21.7229 24.161 1527 21.1643 20.1045 22.3362 1528 21.4862 20.2977 22.7395 1529 21.8061 20.7472 22.9854 1530 22.8101 21.7471 24.0459 1531 23.8874 22.8194 25.0834 1532 24.238 23.1656 25.4762 1533 22.8411 21.8742 24.0451 1534 22.6717 21.6804 23.8886 1535 22.285 21.2862 23.5405 1536 24.0788 23.0143 25.4021 1537 22.4657 21.5151 23.651 1538 24.1333 23.0736 25.3817 1539 21.3001 20.2919 22.5119 1540 23.4954 22.4438 24.7897 1541 22.7774 21.79 23.9761 1542 23.1019 21.9604 24.3926 1543 22.689 21.672 23.9484 1544 23.7601 22.686 25.021 1545 23.6678 22.6235 24.97 1546 24.8377 23.7817 26.1378 1547 23.7207 22.7459 24.8668 1548 25.6589 24.2874 27.2779 1549 22.815 21.8509 23.9755 1550 20.6582 19.6354 21.9429 1551 23.4093 22.4789 24.573 1552 23.952 22.8201 25.2731 1553 22.9095 21.828 24.2473 1554 24.0297 22.7338 25.5685 1555 21.6653 20.7078 22.8649 1556 21.2386 20.1986 22.5856 1557 23.8197 22.7448 25.1847 1558 22.3089 21.2679 23.5189 1559 23.9178 22.8578 25.2393 1560 22.7406 21.7473 23.9525 1561 24.8349 23.7246 26.1314 1562 24.627 23.626 25.8444 1563 23.3277 22.3214 24.5557 1564 22.5879 21.5599 23.8699 1565 21.5776 20.5913 22.8107 1566 22.0137 20.9261 23.3477 1567 23.4903 22.4448 24.7473 1568 22.4842 21.4976 23.699 1569 22.1053 21.1043 23.3625 1570 22.2234 21.1831 23.5173 1571 23.7144 22.6135 25.0064 1572 22.6028 21.679 23.7406 1573 24.0148 22.933 25.2987 1574 23.8292 22.7956 25.1067 1575 25.192 23.9914 26.6933 1576 23.9056 22.8112 25.2488 1577 23.8155 22.765 25.1299 1578 26.2718 25.0565 27.7701 1579 24.3648 23.2444 25.7144 1580 25.168 23.9269 26.5867 1581 23.5704 22.5853 24.7408 1582 24.9711 23.9165 26.2569 1583 24.7413 23.6203 26.1246 1584 24.9547 23.8647 26.2417 1585 25.0164 23.8637 26.3322 1586 24.041 22.8549 25.4467 1587 22.7894 21.7948 23.9893 1588 23.1357 22.0738 24.3961 1589 23.7976 22.7183 25.1497 1590 24.2859 23.1861 25.5417 1591 23.3034 22.2916 24.4818 1592 24.9385 23.8725 26.2349 1593 23.4185 22.4135 24.6129 1594 22.0143 21.0777 23.1813 1595 24.8611 23.7626 26.1511 1596 25.4302 24.3098 26.7919 1597 22.9789 21.7854 24.3799 1598 22.772 21.6944 24.0422 1599 23.9329 22.8665 25.1987 1600 25.1018 23.951 26.4014 1601 23.4675 22.5151 24.6126 1602 22.9193 21.8193 24.2002 1603 24.8394 23.7897 26.0933 1604 23.6933 22.6709 24.9846 1605 23.8941 22.8475 25.1905 1606 24.6859 23.4469 26.2283 1607 24.5688 23.5542 25.8067 1608 23.1803 22.1391 24.4335 1609 23.4336 22.374 24.7699 1610 22.4587 21.3438 23.9105 1611 23.99 22.8961 25.3076 1612 22.952 21.8127 24.2837 1613 24.0729 23.0543 25.2769 1614 23.5416 22.5591 24.7281 1615 23.256 22.1416 24.5912 1616 23.1562 22.0276 24.524 1617 23.4062 22.3788 24.6906 1618 22.5171 21.4187 23.8679 1619 22.9146 21.9377 24.1096 1620 21.6225 20.5813 22.9524 1621 22.945 21.8323 24.3594 1622 23.7201 22.6931 24.9774 1623 25.4092 24.1508 26.8568 1624 27.1804 25.9172 28.6548 1625 23.8887 22.9558 25.0456 1626 26.113 24.7866 27.664 1627 21.9152 20.9141 23.1089 1628 22.9836 21.9201 24.2016 1629 24.2317 23.1839 25.5481 1630 22.9752 21.8745 24.2508 1631 23.5735 22.5677 24.7915 1632 23.9078 22.8212 25.1602 1633 22.1731 21.1223 23.4195 1634 22.3843 21.3971 23.5612 1635 22.192 21.1783 23.4962 1636 24.7989 23.7473 26.1167 1637 25.2862 24.1959 26.6221 1638 22.651 21.6585 23.8632 1639 22.8507 21.9113 24.0178 1640 21.2478 20.2546 22.5104 1641 20.7229 19.7291 21.9538 1642 21.6927 20.7522 22.8674 1643 21.1879 20.1224 22.4878 1644 22.4764 21.3113 23.8339 1645 22.9022 21.8317 24.1336 1646 21.2966 20.2701 22.5645 1647 24.0921 23.053 25.401 1648 24.6782 23.6123 25.9011 1649 21.6393 20.5162 22.993 1650 22.7622 21.6757 24.019 1651 20.6239 19.6272 21.8947 1652 22.5757 21.4433 23.8678 1653 22.0188 20.9693 23.243 1654 23.8098 22.5923 25.1585 1655 21.7674 20.8537 22.9165 1656 21.3208 20.3795 22.5004 1657 22.7947 21.7502 24.0176 1658 23.1796 22.271 24.2925 1659 23.8583 22.8782 25.0486 1660 24.4151 23.2961 25.7334 1661 24.0889 22.9053 25.5753 1662 24.8177 23.6261 26.2734 1663 22.8372 21.7808 24.1342 1664 24.2681 23.3137 25.4317 1665 23.7241 22.4033 25.2629 1666 23.7004 22.6702 24.8997 1667 24.0922 22.9171 25.4254 1668 23.3638 22.4035 24.5068 1669 23.8046 22.7545 25.0502 1670 24.9298 23.8335 26.2296 1671 22.5314 21.5401 23.75 1672 22.8931 21.8754 24.0881 1673 23.1213 22.1816 24.2736 1674 22.6288 21.7329 23.7443 1675 21.8327 20.8976 22.9817 1676 24.1439 22.9756 25.4388 1677 23.3816 22.3441 24.6055 1678 24.0107 22.9336 25.3211 1679 23.7836 22.8689 24.9154 1680 24.6861 23.3967 26.2895 1681 21.8534 20.8557 23.0902 1682 21.9799 21.0077 23.2121 1683 23.4174 22.3979 24.6776 1684 23.7136 22.6907 24.9173 1685 25.0476 23.9327 26.3324 1686 23.7733 22.7804 24.9582 1687 21.6974 20.5072 23.0528 1688 22.2756 21.1254 23.6263 1689 20.9174 19.9134 22.137 1690 23.3265 22.2539 24.6566 1691 24.5975 23.4274 26.0207 1692 20.553 19.5526 21.8232 1693 19.6534 18.6113 20.9216 1694 22.7466 21.8134 23.8759 1695 21.996 21.0748 23.1513 1696 22.1148 21.0897 23.3093 1697 22.2688 21.2726 23.4594 1698 22.1569 21.1667 23.3224 1699 21.6597 20.7313 22.8386 1700 22.8539 21.7638 24.1919 1701 22.4888 21.4166 23.824 1702 22.248 21.2991 23.4377 1703 21.6 20.5498 22.8371 1704 23.2824 22.3091 24.4464 1705 22.0517 21.0217 23.2856 1706 23.7695 22.7935 24.9479 1707 25.3844 24.1404 26.7894 1708 23.5154 22.3973 24.771 1709 23.5084 22.5798 24.6557 1710 22.7777 21.7046 24.0559 1711 23.2213 22.253 24.4033 1712 21.7944 20.8044 22.9904 1713 22.803 21.6543 24.1588 1714 23.231 22.1199 24.5712 1715 21.8831 20.7049 23.2039 1716 24.0055 22.9444 25.2201 1717 23.6541 22.5039 24.9905 1718 23.1944 22.2271 24.3551 1719 23.6544 22.6315 24.8784 1720 20.2042 19.0719 21.5752 1721 21.6646 20.6701 22.8524 1722 22.2329 21.2383 23.4252 1723 21.6009 20.6361 22.8181 1724 24.9163 23.8982 26.1657 1725 23.5716 22.4076 24.9278 1726 23.6037 22.4912 24.904 1727 22.0465 21.0224 23.2868 1728 22.6528 21.6194 23.8556 1729 23.2179 22.0263 24.5519 1730 22.3882 21.3049 23.6727 1731 23.8408 22.8555 25.0434 1732 22.9223 22.0327 24.0342 1733 24.9184 23.8759 26.161 1734 21.9089 20.8422 23.2192 1735 25.6208 24.4934 26.9862 1736 22.6398 21.4819 24.0139 1737 23.3431 22.1911 24.6741 1738 24.5731 23.5181 25.8564 1739 23.4917 22.5402 24.6799 1740 23.1364 22.2151 24.2941 1741 21.9486 20.8605 23.196 1742 22.7101 21.6095 23.9605 1743 23.3491 22.3621 24.569 1744 23.6344 22.602 24.9523 1745 22.7381 21.7604 23.947 1746 23.1865 22.1041 24.5136 1747 22.3732 21.3135 23.7265 1748 23.182 22.005 24.5447 1749 20.8655 19.7949 22.1285 1750 23.5744 22.4712 24.8292 1751 23.9574 22.9802 25.1456 1752 23.4321 22.3562 24.6948 1753 23.7996 22.875 24.9465 1754 23.9128 22.903 25.1019 1755 22.569 21.4965 23.8579 1756 22.8225 21.7777 24.0919 1757 24.9633 23.8429 26.2703 1758 23.5949 22.5483 24.8348 1759 23.82 22.8674 24.9969 1760 22.5003 21.4135 23.8204 1761 24.7188 23.7323 25.929 1762 22.7711 21.6958 24.0956 1763 23.9407 22.9528 25.1378 1764 24.1942 23.1189 25.4866 1765 23.3335 22.294 24.5898 1766 20.639 19.6576 21.8595 1767 21.2701 20.1674 22.635 1768 23.6982 22.7029 24.9678 1769 23.1196 22.0867 24.438 1770 21.9032 20.7945 23.2189 1771 22.3148 21.2274 23.7472 1772 22.3859 21.4352 23.5694 1773 24.7727 23.7597 26.0003 1774 24.5438 23.4916 25.8202 1775 23.0786 22.099 24.2539 1776 24.3744 23.212 25.7361 1777 25.0105 23.834 26.4069 1778 23.6376 22.5762 24.9398 1779 23.5971 22.5432 24.8546 1780 23.0223 21.9299 24.3387 1781 24.5425 23.4911 25.8514 1782 26.1002 24.833 27.5049 1783 25.3502 24.2593 26.6833 1784 22.2675 21.2315 23.5272 1785 23.3357 22.2007 24.6818 1786 23.7177 22.7493 24.9144 1787 22.5851 21.5656 23.8135 1788 24.1499 23.0734 25.4383 1789 21.5796 20.6234 22.7308 1790 22.2707 21.2048 23.5114 1791 22.1039 21.1315 23.2855 1792 21.3334 20.2565 22.6149 1793 22.6468 21.6358 23.8804 1794 23.3364 22.1893 24.6143 1795 23.8518 22.7982 25.0587 1796 24.0394 22.8619 25.3788 1797 23.8051 22.6157 25.2051 1798 24.731 23.7016 25.9966 1799 21.9492 20.9933 23.14 1800 24.0265 22.9765 25.3144 1801 22.4735 21.4045 23.7084 1802 24.2445 23.1067 25.6025 1803 24.1947 23.2408 25.3525 1804 22.0942 21.1532 23.2942 1805 23.1188 22.0671 24.3665 1806 24.38 23.4022 25.5612 1807 23.6129 22.6214 24.8503 1808 23.7092 22.6994 24.8969 1809 23.6105 22.5427 24.844 1810 22.4706 21.5303 23.6138 1811 23.4177 22.3241 24.7832 1812 21.6776 20.6161 22.9221 1813 23.5602 22.6293 24.6789 1814 21.9367 20.975 23.1317 1815 23.75 22.5704 25.1249 1816 19.1554 18.0822 20.4623 1817 21.0225 20.0646 22.2338 1818 21.6038 20.526 22.8635 1819 23.2878 22.3553 24.4066 1820 23.6562 22.5611 24.8958 1821 21.15 20.0897 22.402 1822 24.5939 23.6043 25.7701 1823 23.3269 22.3143 24.5086 1824 22.5646 21.3697 23.9186 1825 22.3534 21.3776 23.5477 1826 22.5649 21.6091 23.74 1827 23.6142 22.6541 24.8008 1828 22.9422 21.94 24.1976 1829 23.2595 22.1495 24.5481 1830 23.706 22.7392 24.901 1831 22.342 21.2956 23.5562 1832 23.2441 22.2178 24.51 1833 22.1825 21.141 23.4203 1834 22.0204 20.829 23.3685 1835 23.1345 22.1706 24.3317 1836 22.5297 21.6003 23.6835 1837 21.5536 20.576 22.7736 1838 20.6187 19.5687 21.9199 1839 21.7622 20.7227 23.0674 1840 22.4835 21.4085 23.7517 1841 22.9262 21.8587 24.1888 1842 22.5016 21.4178 23.7342 1843 22.9923 21.8662 24.3007 1844 24.5107 23.5101 25.7109 1845 23.9805 22.9395 25.2102 1846 23.3352 22.3559 24.5613 1847 22.9416 21.9608 24.1336 1848 22.6843 21.6677 23.9567 1849 23.1589 22.2164 24.3456 1850 21.6733 20.7597 22.8224 1851 23.123 22.118 24.3285 1852 22.3886 21.3412 23.6584 1853 22.0279 21.0648 23.2337 1854 23.5782 22.5432 24.8761 1855 21.2366 20.2303 22.5014 1856 23.3254 22.3986 24.4781 1857 22.4831 21.4946 23.6703 1858 23.8406 22.8081 25.1039 1859 22.3852 21.3896 23.593 1860 22.2318 21.311 23.3659 1861 24.0428 22.796 25.4261 1862 23.2837 22.2522 24.5809 1863 24.4754 23.4329 25.7335 1864 24.9618 23.8778 26.2202 1865 23.8751 22.8775 25.0961 1866 23.2759 22.2983 24.5212 1867 23.1447 22.1336 24.4027 1868 21.4278 20.3384 22.78 1869 21.993 20.9643 23.2415 1870 24.1147 23.0325 25.362 1871 23.9395 22.8894 25.1468 1872 22.6508 21.7253 23.7889 1873 23.2817 22.3103 24.443 1874 22.1065 21.0446 23.3428 1875 23.3881 22.4098 24.5435 1876 22.7841 21.7453 24.0885 1877 22.4378 21.3816 23.6717 1878 22.9326 21.9696 24.136 1879 23.4644 22.3626 24.7086 1880 24.0426 23.0384 25.2274 1881 22.3642 21.2776 23.6236 1882 24.6749 23.6535 25.9058 1883 24.9099 23.8145 26.2006 1884 21.5515 20.561 22.7757 1885 21.2149 20.2 22.4622 1886 22.6973 21.7644 23.8759 1887 24.0029 22.9255 25.2358 1888 23.4175 22.4581 24.5939 1889 22.9815 22.0491 24.1665 1890 23.0987 22.112 24.3393 1891 22.4789 21.5409 23.6787 1892 24.3689 23.2992 25.6596 1893 24.7403 23.6947 25.9987 1894 24.4447 23.4174 25.6684 1895 22.3264 21.1905 23.6107 1896 23.7777 22.7716 25.005 1897 22.9982 22.079 24.1496 1898 24.075 23.0691 25.2566 1899 25.0493 23.9959 26.2896 1900 23.3744 22.3498 24.6135 1901 21.9116 20.8386 23.2556 1902 23.6455 22.4647 24.9957 1903 23.919 22.9202 25.1727 1904 24.7066 23.7108 25.9225 1905 23.8433 22.899 25.0294 1906 23.1205 22.172 24.3335 1907 22.7545 21.7243 24.0792 1908 22.7511 21.7805 23.9557 1909 23.4473 22.4251 24.6611 1910 22.6324 21.6876 23.8176 1911 21.8937 20.8707 23.1169 1912 23.9698 23.0138 25.1548 1913 23.2165 22.1673 24.4656 1914 21.0114 19.9833 22.3226 1915 21.0258 19.977 22.4002 1916 21.9312 21.0035 23.0994 1917 21.9299 20.8967 23.2017 1918 22.6263 21.4115 23.9752 1919 21.8719 20.8484 23.0969 1920 22.8133 21.8596 23.9901 1921 22.9783 22.0107 24.1774 1922 22.6937 21.7663 23.8733 1923 23.3961 22.4074 24.6096 1924 23.9603 22.811 25.3584 1925 22.4718 21.4771 23.6435 1926 21.6242 20.6103 22.8439 1927 23.4941 22.4928 24.6811 1928 24.0982 23.0533 25.3308 1929 24.4856 23.3393 25.7804 1930 21.855 20.8342 23.0568 22.4762 1931 22.4247 21.2702 23.7592 21.1429 1932 22.0598 21.0592 23.2742 22 1933 23.2201 22.315 24.3267 22.4762 1934 23.1435 22.0641 24.3835 23.2381 1935 23.9061 22.817 25.2181 23.4286 1936 22.1974 21.2698 23.3398 23.0476 1937 22.0834 21.1066 23.2838 24.2857 1938 23.3059 22.3573 24.485 22.9524 1939 23.4409 22.5136 24.5755 22.8571 1940 21.1585 20.1707 22.3795 21.1429 1941 19.5288 18.5012 20.8343 20.7619 1942 21.0886 20.139 22.2928 21.7143 1943 22.9505 21.9438 24.2355 25.9048 1944 22.5276 21.5801 23.7158 22.1905 1945 25.2475 24.0823 26.6468 26.5714 1946 25.9573 24.8655 27.2813 25.9048 1947 25.5767 24.5116 26.831 25.0476 1948 25.1395 24.0688 26.3979 24.9524 1949 24.1907 23.1779 25.4097 22.6667 1950 23.8367 22.8777 24.9879 23.619 1951 24.2381 23.1988 25.4633 23.8095 1952 21.6524 20.6632 22.8499 22.2857 1953 22.1171 21.0855 23.3198 23.2381 1954 23.4731 22.5062 24.6271 24 1955 24.2918 23.3265 25.4593 24.5714 1956 23.4864 22.427 24.7138 23.3333 1957 23.8309 22.6943 25.1392 22.5714 1958 22.7536 21.7687 23.9998 21.9048 1959 23.5906 22.5272 24.8765 24.6667 1960 22.9055 21.9114 24.1298 23.5238 1961 23.5431 22.4324 24.8149 23.7143 1962 22.9678 21.9379 24.1606 23.3333 1963 21.6881 20.7256 22.8418 23.0476 1964 23.6305 22.6252 24.8193 23.3333 1965 22.4505 21.5527 23.5801 22 1966 21.883 20.9092 23.0515 22.5714 1967 23.5092 22.5535 24.7089 24 1968 23.2995 22.3298 24.4607 22.8571 1969 21.9025 20.9664 23.0672 22.4762 1970 23.741 22.7873 24.9169 23.4286 1971 22.9425 21.8393 24.2138 23.3333 1972 22.9501 21.8547 24.2563 23.0476 1973 22.8828 21.8007 24.2339 21.9048 1974 24.1695 23.108 25.4883 22.6667 1975 22.4263 21.3931 23.7302 22.0952 1976 24.2127 23.1872 25.4176 23.2381 1977 24.3773 23.2553 25.6576 23.619 1978 22.3834 21.3972 23.5929 22.4762 1979 20.7332 19.6992 21.9905 22.381 1980 21.8158 20.7751 23.0779 22 1981 22.8037 21.8603 23.9793 23.3333 1982 22.8113 21.8019 24.0562 22.9524 1983 21.8575 20.8306 23.17 20.6667 1984 22.0919 21.113 23.2875 21.1429 1985 24.6764 23.5412 26.0185 25.2381 1986 22.9286 21.9693 24.1234 22.4762 1987 23.3468 22.33 24.5522 22.2857 1988 23.6186 22.6831 24.7678 22.8571 1989 25.5797 24.5311 26.8558 24.4762 1990 24.2818 23.2722 25.4676 24.9524 1991 22.4384 21.5293 23.5644 22.4762 1992 22.6077 21.6072 23.8745 21.3333 1993 22.0323 21.0094 23.3746 22 1994 24.1332 23.1653 25.3235 23.7143 1995 21.5154 20.3991 22.8443 21.3333 1996 21.9603 20.9501 23.1866 22.6667 1997 22.1439 21.1669 23.376 23.9048 1998 19.8059 18.7784 21.1178 20.2857 1999 23.5443 22.5814 24.7573 24.9524 2000 24.1745 23.1227 25.4216 23.1429 2001 23.8521 22.7254 25.1379 23.5238 2002 25.0634 24.0135 26.3259 24.0952 2003 23.8539 22.909 25.0024 22.1905 2004 24.1905 2005 21.1429 2006 23.7143 2007 22 2008 25.4286 2009 24.1905 2010 22.381 2011 25.9048 2012 24.381 2013 22 2014 23.619