# Chitral HinduKush, Pakistan 424 Year Palmer Drought Severity Index Reconstruction #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29552 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/pakistan/chitral-hindukush2020pdsi.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: precipitation #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-04-24 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-04-24 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Chitral HinduKush, Pakistan 424 Year Palmer Drought Severity Index Reconstruction #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Ahmad, S.; Zhu, L.; Yasmeen, S.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Z.; Ullah, S.; Wang, X. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: A 424-year tree-ring-based Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstruction of Cedrus deodara D. Don from the Hindu Kush # range of Pakistan: linkages to ocean oscillations. Raw data archived in the International Tree Ring Data Bank, site code PAKI041. # Provided Keywords: Tree rings, Growth-climate response, Drought variability, ENSO, dendroclimatology, broad-scale atmospheric-oceanic variability #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sarir Ahmad, Liangjun Zhu, Sumaira Yasmeen, Yuandong Zhang, Zongshan Li, Sami Ullah, and Xiaochun Wang # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-05-24 # Published_Title: A 424-year tree-ring based PDSI reconstruction of Cedrus deodara D. Don from Chitral HinduKush Range of Pakistan: linkages to the ocean oscillations # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 16 # Edition: 1 # Issue: # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.5194/cp-2019-62 # Online_Resource: https://www.clim-past-discuss.net/cp-2019-62/ # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Currently, the rate of global warming has led to persistent drought patterns. It is considered to be the preliminary reason affecting socio-economic development under the background of dynamic forecasting of water supply and forest ecosystems in West Asia. However, long-term climate records in the semi-arid Chitral mountains of northern Pakistan are seriously lacking. Therefore, we developed a new tree-ring width chronology of Cedrus deodara spanning the period of 1537-2017. We reconstructed the March-August Palmer Drought Sensitivity Index (PDSI) for the past 424 years back to A.D. 1593. Our reconstruction was featured with nine dry and eight wet periods 1593-1598, 1602-1608, 1631-1645, 1647-1660, 1756-1765, 1785-1800, 1870-1878, 1917-1923, 1981-1995, and 1663-1675, 1687-1708, 1771-1773, 1806-1814, 1844-1852, 1932-1935, 1965-1969 and 1996-2003, respectively. This reconstruction is consistent with other dendroclimatic reconstructions in west Asia, confirming its reliability. The analysis of the Multi-Taper Method and wavelet analysis revealed drought variability at periodicities of 2.1-2.4, 3.3, 6, 16.8, and 34-38 years. The drought patterns could be linked to the broad-scale atmospheric-oceanic variability such as El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) and solar activity. In terms of current climate conditions, our findings have important implications for developing drought-resistant policies in communities on the fringes of Hindu Kush mountain Ranges in northern Pakistan. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: China National Key Research and Development Program # Grant: 2016YFA0600800 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities # Grant: 2572019CP15, 2572017DG02 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Open Grant for Eco-Meteorological Innovation Laboratory in northeast China # Grant: #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: China Meteorological Administration # Grant: stqx2018zd02 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Scholarship Council # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Chitral # Location: Asia>Southcentral Asia>Pakistan # Country: Pakistan # Northernmost_Latitude: 35.36 # Southernmost_Latitude: 35.36 # Easternmost_Longitude: 71.48 # Westernmost_Longitude: 71.48 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: ChitralHinduKush2020PDSI # Earliest_Year: 1593 # Most_Recent_Year: 2017 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # ## age_CE age, , , year Common Era, , climate reconstructions, , ,N, ## trsgi tree ring standardized growth index, , , , , tree ring, composited, standard chronology method,N, ## samples number of samples, , , count, , tree ring, , ,N, ## PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index, ring width, , , ,climate reconstructions,,,N, tree ring reconstruction # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_CE trsgi samples PDSI 1550 0.8534 2 1551 0.8407 2 1552 0.7054 2 1553 0.834 2 1554 0.6338 2 1555 0.7621 2 1556 0.8593 2 1557 0.9518 2 1558 0.8644 2 1559 0.8039 3 1560 0.9114 3 1561 0.8978 3 1562 0.9406 3 1563 1.0152 3 1564 0.9486 3 1565 0.9314 3 1566 1.0415 3 1567 1.1532 3 1568 1.0012 3 1569 1.0787 3 1570 1.1004 4 1571 0.882 4 1572 0.7023 4 1573 0.6854 4 1574 0.7368 4 1575 0.8142 4 1576 0.7364 4 1577 0.9535 4 1578 0.774 4 1579 0.7646 4 1580 0.8224 4 1581 0.9573 4 1582 0.853 4 1583 0.8215 4 1584 0.8074 4 1585 0.7692 4 1586 0.7694 4 1587 1.0065 4 1588 0.9485 4 1589 0.9799 4 1590 0.9053 4 1591 0.8734 4 1592 1.0452 4 1593 1.0234 5 -0.3668 1594 1.0638 5 -0.1574 1595 0.9805 5 -0.5892 1596 0.97 5 -0.6439 1597 0.9844 5 -0.5692 1598 0.9575 5 -0.7085 1599 0.723 5 -1.9253 1600 0.8451 5 -1.2919 1601 0.9573 5 -0.7098 1602 0.7133 5 -1.9753 1603 0.6969 5 -2.0603 1604 0.8938 5 -1.0392 1605 0.9488 5 -0.7539 1606 1.1016 5 0.0392 1607 1.1678 5 0.3825 1608 1.0479 5 -0.2397 1609 1.0749 5 -0.0998 1610 1.0219 5 -0.3747 1611 0.8544 5 -1.2437 1612 0.9324 5 -0.8386 1613 0.9272 5 -0.8659 1614 1.0179 5 -0.3953 1615 0.9108 5 -0.951 1616 1.0455 5 -0.2521 1617 1.1918 5 0.507 1618 1.0214 5 -0.3769 1619 0.995 5 -0.514 1620 1.1156 5 0.1117 1621 1.1493 5 0.2864 1622 0.9785 5 -0.5995 1623 1.1581 5 0.3319 1624 0.9482 5 -0.7569 1625 1.0715 5 -0.117 1626 0.9661 5 -0.6639 1627 0.9298 5 -0.8523 1628 0.9767 5 -0.6088 1629 1.0102 5 -0.4352 1630 0.8635 6 -1.1965 1631 0.9314 6 -0.8441 1632 1.0564 6 -0.1953 1633 1.071 6 -0.1196 1634 0.9805 6 -0.5892 1635 1.0593 6 -0.1806 1636 1.0542 6 -0.2069 1637 1.0207 6 -0.3807 1638 1.0277 7 -0.3445 1639 1.017 7 -0.4 1640 0.9195 7 -0.9055 1641 0.9262 7 -0.8711 1642 0.84 7 -1.3182 1643 1.1732 7 0.4107 1644 0.9311 8 -0.8456 1645 0.9855 9 -0.5631 1646 0.8914 9 -1.0515 1647 0.9991 9 -0.4929 1648 0.8717 9 -1.1538 1649 0.9712 9 -0.6374 1650 0.8152 9 -1.4466 1651 0.8651 10 -1.1877 1652 0.73 10 -1.8891 1653 0.7653 10 -1.7059 1654 0.9342 11 -0.8295 1655 1.029 11 -0.3376 1656 1.1263 11 0.167 1657 0.9872 11 -0.5543 1658 0.9516 11 -0.7393 1659 0.9572 11 -0.7099 1660 0.9554 11 -0.7193 1661 1.1314 11 0.1934 1662 0.9657 11 -0.6658 1663 1.1112 11 0.0888 1664 1.1294 12 0.183 1665 1.0882 12 -0.0304 1666 1.0757 12 -0.0954 1667 1.0545 12 -0.2054 1668 1.0734 12 -0.1072 1669 0.992 12 -0.5298 1670 1.1601 12 0.3423 1671 1.1424 12 0.2505 1672 1.0298 12 -0.3336 1673 1.0826 12 -0.0597 1674 0.8372 12 -1.3325 1675 0.9194 12 -0.9064 1676 0.889 12 -1.0642 1677 0.7786 12 -1.6366 1678 0.8797 13 -1.1122 1679 0.8369 13 -1.3342 1680 1.07 13 -0.1248 1681 0.9862 13 -0.5596 1682 1.1205 13 0.1373 1683 0.8992 13 -1.011 1684 1.1183 13 0.1257 1685 1.0771 13 -0.0883 1686 1.1944 13 0.5205 1687 1.1635 13 0.3603 1688 1.4064 13 1.6205 1689 1.2907 13 1.02 1690 1.3414 13 1.2829 1691 1.3638 13 1.399 1692 1.0812 13 -0.0666 1693 1.3042 13 1.09 1694 1.2047 13 0.574 1695 1.2597 13 0.8593 1696 1.2948 14 1.0411 1697 1.1959 14 0.5281 1698 1.2092 14 0.597 1699 1.1213 14 0.1412 1700 1.2004 14 0.5516 1701 1.2239 14 0.6733 1702 1.0405 14 -0.2782 1703 1.0339 14 -0.3123 1704 0.8087 14 -1.4806 1705 0.9114 14 -0.9479 1706 0.8194 14 -1.4252 1707 0.8463 14 -1.2855 1708 0.9077 15 -0.9668 1709 0.9 15 -1.0068 1710 0.979 15 -0.5971 1711 0.8583 16 -1.2232 1712 0.7739 16 -1.661 1713 0.8761 16 -1.1309 1714 0.9132 16 -0.9386 1715 0.9259 16 -0.8728 1716 0.8335 17 -1.3518 1717 0.8063 17 -1.4927 1718 0.9523 17 -0.7354 1719 0.8898 17 -1.0596 1720 0.9613 19 -0.6888 1721 1.0698 19 -0.1261 1722 1.0164 19 -0.4032 1723 0.9956 19 -0.5108 1724 0.8108 19 -1.4697 1725 0.8349 19 -1.3447 1726 0.7148 19 -1.9676 1727 0.84 19 -1.318 1728 0.8255 19 -1.3933 1729 0.9497 19 -0.7492 1730 0.7908 19 -1.5734 1731 0.8466 20 -1.2838 1732 0.9124 20 -0.9425 1733 0.9138 20 -0.9355 1734 0.9972 20 -0.5024 1735 0.9813 20 -0.5852 1736 0.9884 20 -0.5484 1737 0.8848 21 -1.0855 1738 0.8698 21 -1.1636 1739 0.9165 21 -0.9212 1740 0.9679 21 -0.6547 1741 0.9316 21 -0.8428 1742 0.787 21 -1.5933 1743 0.797 21 -1.5412 1744 0.8528 21 -1.2519 1745 0.936 22 -0.8201 1746 0.7742 22 -1.6597 1747 1.059 22 -0.1818 1748 1.0935 22 -0.0029 1749 0.8525 22 -1.2534 1750 0.7913 22 -1.5708 1751 0.7414 22 -1.8298 1752 0.8423 22 -1.306 1753 0.7849 24 -1.6038 1754 0.6688 24 -2.2065 1755 0.89 24 -1.0587 1756 1.0202 24 -0.3833 1757 1.0156 24 -0.407 1758 0.7893 24 -1.581 1759 0.9011 24 -1.001 1760 0.8156 25 -1.4448 1761 0.835 25 -1.3439 1762 0.7923 26 -1.5655 1763 0.9968 26 -0.5045 1764 0.9991 26 -0.4928 1765 0.9078 26 -0.9667 1766 1.0995 26 0.0279 1767 1.007 27 -0.4516 1768 0.8693 27 -1.166 1769 0.9474 27 -0.7611 1770 1.127 27 0.1709 1771 1.1043 27 0.0528 1772 1.017 28 -0.3997 1773 0.9253 28 -0.8759 1774 0.8876 28 -1.0714 1775 0.7618 28 -1.7241 1776 0.8436 28 -1.2995 1777 1.0159 28 -0.4057 1778 0.7954 28 -1.5496 1779 0.9888 28 -0.5465 1780 0.9215 28 -0.8954 1781 1.0643 28 -0.1543 1782 0.7526 28 -1.7714 1783 0.9282 29 -0.8605 1784 0.8161 30 -1.4424 1785 0.563 30 -2.7552 1786 0.7637 30 -1.714 1787 0.7121 30 -1.9818 1788 0.8044 30 -1.5027 1789 1.0235 30 -0.3662 1790 0.7783 30 -1.6383 1791 0.7989 30 -1.5315 1792 0.7292 30 -1.893 1793 0.8111 30 -1.4681 1794 0.8681 30 -1.1726 1795 0.8795 30 -1.1132 1796 0.933 31 -0.8355 1797 0.9526 31 -0.734 1798 0.8772 31 -1.1254 1799 1.0525 31 -0.2155 1800 0.9467 32 -0.7646 1801 0.8389 32 -1.3237 1802 0.5491 32 -2.8274 1803 0.952 32 -0.7371 1804 1.2659 32 0.8916 1805 1.2591 32 0.856 1806 1.0716 32 -0.1167 1807 1.2097 33 0.5996 1808 1.126 33 0.1657 1809 0.8892 33 -1.0629 1810 1.0667 33 -0.1422 1811 0.8827 33 -1.0965 1812 0.9333 33 -0.8343 1813 0.9693 33 -0.6473 1814 1.005 33 -0.4621 1815 0.5101 33 -3.0295 1816 0.9606 33 -0.6925 1817 0.8874 33 -1.0722 1818 1.0515 33 -0.2211 1819 0.8946 33 -1.035 1820 0.7208 33 -1.9365 1821 0.9058 34 -0.977 1822 0.9015 34 -0.999 1823 1.0761 34 -0.0934 1824 1.0497 34 -0.2301 1825 0.9578 34 -0.7071 1826 1.0177 34 -0.396 1827 1.0282 35 -0.3418 1828 1.0003 36 -0.4868 1829 0.9168 36 -0.9198 1830 0.9623 36 -0.6837 1831 0.8772 36 -1.1253 1832 0.836 36 -1.3389 1833 0.7945 36 -1.5543 1834 0.9327 37 -0.8374 1835 0.7954 38 -1.5494 1836 0.8858 38 -1.0807 1837 1.0505 38 -0.2259 1838 0.9781 38 -0.6019 1839 1.0076 38 -0.4485 1840 1.1308 38 0.1903 1841 1.0937 39 -0.0019 1842 1.0332 39 -0.3158 1843 1.087 39 -0.0369 1844 0.9484 40 -0.756 1845 1.0569 41 -0.1929 1846 0.9444 41 -0.7765 1847 1.0376 41 -0.2929 1848 0.8603 41 -1.2129 1849 0.9285 41 -0.859 1850 1.025 41 -0.3584 1851 1.0189 41 -0.39 1852 0.9378 41 -0.8106 1853 0.9385 42 -0.8074 1854 0.9598 42 -0.6967 1855 0.986 42 -0.5606 1856 0.899 42 -1.0123 1857 1.0333 42 -0.3154 1858 0.8845 42 -1.0875 1859 0.9469 42 -0.7634 1860 0.9013 42 -1 1861 0.7396 42 -1.8393 1862 0.9124 42 -0.9425 1863 0.7922 42 -1.5661 1864 0.9143 42 -0.9325 1865 0.8155 42 -1.4451 1866 0.9412 42 -0.7933 1867 0.9236 42 -0.8843 1868 0.9723 42 -0.6318 1869 1.0369 42 -0.2968 1870 0.8229 43 -1.4067 1871 0.7851 43 -1.6029 1872 0.8812 43 -1.1043 1873 0.9007 44 -1.0035 1874 0.9144 44 -0.9322 1875 1.1062 44 0.0628 1876 1.1657 44 0.3713 1877 1.072 44 -0.1147 1878 1.1761 44 0.4256 1879 0.8991 45 -1.0118 1880 0.7899 45 -1.5778 1881 0.6706 45 -2.1969 1882 0.8433 45 -1.301 1883 0.92 45 -0.9034 1884 1.0019 45 -0.4783 1885 1.0489 45 -0.2342 1886 1.0284 45 -0.341 1887 0.9071 45 -0.9701 1888 0.9188 45 -0.9095 1889 1.0702 45 -0.1238 1890 0.9925 45 -0.527 1891 0.9767 45 -0.6092 1892 0.7527 45 -1.771 1893 0.8381 45 -1.3281 1894 0.985 45 -0.5658 1895 0.8139 45 -1.4536 1896 0.9583 45 -0.7045 1897 1.0012 45 -0.482 1898 1.0266 45 -0.3502 1899 0.8595 45 -1.217 1900 1.1337 45 0.2055 1901 1.0563 46 -0.1962 1902 0.5063 46 -3.0494 1903 0.9531 46 -0.7316 1904 0.929 46 -0.8564 1905 0.9032 46 -0.9903 1906 1.0076 46 -0.4486 1907 1.1907 46 0.5014 1908 1.2917 46 1.0252 1909 1.011 46 -0.431 1910 1.1276 46 0.174 1911 1.1009 46 0.0354 1912 0.902 46 -0.9966 1913 0.8299 46 -1.3707 1914 0.8841 46 -1.0896 1915 0.8251 46 -1.3953 1916 0.8787 46 -1.1175 1917 0.6228 45 -2.4449 1918 0.6531 45 -2.2877 1919 0.8274 45 -1.3836 1920 0.8694 46 -1.1654 1921 0.8534 46 -1.2487 1922 1.1002 46 0.0318 1923 1.3156 46 1.1494 1924 1.4701 46 1.9507 1925 1.1108 46 0.087 1926 1.238 46 0.7468 1927 0.9022 46 -0.9956 1928 0.9705 46 -0.6414 1929 0.7713 46 -1.6747 1930 1.1099 46 0.082 1931 1.2939 46 1.0366 1932 1.148 46 0.2795 1933 1.0204 46 -0.382 1934 1.1125 46 0.0957 1935 1.0171 46 -0.3994 1936 0.9953 46 -0.5125 1937 0.9204 46 -0.9012 1938 0.9092 46 -0.9592 1939 0.9813 46 -0.5853 1940 1.0485 46 -0.2366 1941 0.9259 46 -0.8727 1942 1.0952 46 0.0059 1943 1.1857 46 0.4755 1944 1.1685 45 0.386 1945 1.0616 45 -0.1687 1946 0.7757 45 -1.6516 1947 0.8449 45 -1.2928 1948 0.7553 45 -1.7578 1949 0.9785 45 -0.5996 1950 0.9107 45 -0.9516 1951 0.7948 45 -1.5525 1952 1.0381 45 -0.2905 1953 1.0696 45 -0.1271 1954 0.9898 45 -0.541 1955 1.0041 45 -0.4668 1956 0.8196 45 -1.4237 1957 0.9225 45 -0.8901 1958 1.1022 45 0.0419 1959 1.2748 45 0.9376 1960 1.0719 45 -0.1152 1961 0.954 45 -0.7267 1962 0.8419 45 -1.3085 1963 1.0673 45 -0.1391 1964 0.9932 45 -0.5234 1965 1.05 45 -0.2289 1966 1.1506 45 0.2933 1967 1.2072 45 0.5868 1968 1.1601 45 0.3423 1969 1.124 45 0.1552 1970 0.8103 45 -1.4723 1971 0.5687 45 -2.7259 1972 0.9384 45 -0.8075 1973 1.1318 45 0.1959 1974 1.1768 45 0.429 1975 1.1879 45 0.4868 1976 1.0219 45 -0.3744 1977 0.7775 45 -1.6424 1978 0.7672 45 -1.6957 1979 0.9491 45 -0.7522 1980 0.8413 45 -1.3114 1981 0.9954 44 -0.5119 1982 0.5907 44 -2.6116 1983 0.7184 44 -1.9491 1984 0.8099 44 -1.4745 1985 0.3503 44 -3.8589 1986 0.7747 44 -1.657 1987 1.0723 44 -0.1129 1988 1.086 43 -0.0421 1989 0.9283 43 -0.8601 1990 0.8533 43 -1.2493 1991 1.1078 42 0.071 1992 1.2734 42 0.9304 1993 1.2984 42 1.0599 1994 1.2321 42 0.7162 1995 1.2098 42 0.6002 1996 1.3366 42 1.258 1997 1.3047 42 1.0924 1998 1.3587 41 1.3726 1999 1.1706 41 0.397 2000 0.7509 41 -1.7802 2001 0.5993 41 -2.567 2002 0.8381 40 -1.3282 2003 0.9767 40 -0.6091 2004 0.8281 40 -1.3798 2005 1.2109 38 0.6058 2006 0.9323 31 -0.8393 2007 1.3399 12 1.275 2008 1.0312 12 -0.3263 2009 1.288 12 1.006 2010 1.5626 12 2.4307 2011 0.9394 12 -0.8024 2012 0.8501 12 -1.2657 2013 1.0017 12 -0.4795 2014 0.9931 12 -0.5239 2015 1.1375 12 0.2251 2016 1.1771 12 0.4308 2017 0.6169 12 -2.4754