Canadian Prairies Regional Drought Indices ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Canadian Prairies Regional Drought Indices LAST UPDATE: 3/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Scott St. George, Geological Survey of Canada IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-016 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: St. George, S., et al. 2009. Canadian Prairies Regional Drought Indices. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-016. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: St. George, S., D.M. Meko, M.-P. Girardin, G.M. MacDonald, E. Nielsen, G.T. Pederson, D.J. Sauchyn, J.C. Tardif, and E. Watson. 2009. The Tree-Ring Record of Drought on the Canadian Prairies. Journal of Climate, Vol. 22, pp. 689-710, 1 February 2009. DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2441.1 ABSTRACT: Ring-width data from 138 sites in the Canadian Prairie Provinces and adjacent regions are used to estimate summer drought severity during the past several hundred years. The network was divided into five regional groups based on geography, tree species, and length of record: the eastern Rockies, northern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, southern Manitoba, and northwestern Ontario. Regional tree-ring records are primarily related to summer moisture and drought conditions, and are less responsive to droughts caused by deficits in winter precipitation. These summer-sensitive data are not linearly related to major modes of climate variability, including ENSO and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), which primarily affect the climate of western Canada during winter. Extended drought records inferred from tree rings indicate that drought on the Canadian Prairies has exhibited considerable spatial heterogeneity over the last several centuries. For northern Saskatchewan and northwestern Ontario, intervals of persistently low tree growth during the twentieth century were just as long as or longer than low-growth intervals in the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. Longer records from southern Alberta suggest that the most intense dry spell in that area during the last 500 yr occurred during the 1720s. At the eastern side of the prairies, the longest dry event is centered around 1700 and may coincide with low lake stands in Manitoba, Minnesota, and North Dakota. Although the Canadian Prairies were dry at times during the 1500s, there is no regional analog to the sixteenth- century "megadroughts" that affected much of the western United States and northern Mexico. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Central North America, Canadian Prairies PERIOD OF RECORD: 1523 - 2004 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Manitoba Hydro, Manitoba Geological Survey, Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative, Natural Resources Canada, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. DESCRIPTION: Regional drought indices based on Prairie ring-width records. Each regional series was scaled so that its mean was equal to zero and its standard deviation was equal to one during the period covered by instrumental drought records (1900 – 2004). DATA: Column 1: Year AD Column 2: Eastern Rockies regional drought index Column 3: Northern Saskatchewan regional drought index Column 4: Southern Manitoba regional drought index Column 5: Northwestern Ontario regional drought index Year ERock NSask SMan NWOnt 1523 -1.028 1524 1.402 1525 0.584 1526 1.629 1527 2.565 1528 -0.150 1.038 1529 -0.182 -0.384 1530 -0.021 0.205 1531 0.246 -0.264 1532 0.039 -0.415 1533 -0.040 -0.253 1534 -0.520 -0.329 1535 0.188 1.475 1536 0.769 0.142 1537 0.794 1.571 1538 0.351 0.588 1539 0.237 -0.426 1540 -0.166 0.061 1541 0.464 -0.210 1542 0.101 -1.186 1543 -0.280 -0.677 1544 0.357 0.206 1545 0.111 1.295 1546 -0.318 0.279 1547 -0.463 0.082 1548 -0.292 -0.563 1549 0.142 0.067 1550 0.257 0.420 1551 0.485 -0.213 1552 0.201 -0.609 1553 -0.115 1.091 1554 0.033 1.269 1555 -0.024 2.001 1556 -0.776 -1.163 1557 -0.358 0.116 1558 -0.131 -0.442 1559 -0.442 -1.501 1560 -0.512 -0.629 1561 -0.677 -0.660 1562 -0.830 0.677 1563 -0.714 0.088 1564 -0.368 -0.829 1565 -0.388 -1.497 1566 -0.175 1.327 1567 -1.045 -0.227 1568 -0.914 0.526 1569 -0.871 0.870 1570 -0.703 -0.151 1571 -0.615 0.433 1572 -0.244 -0.687 1573 -0.449 0.470 1574 0.061 0.161 1575 0.147 -0.072 1576 -0.358 -1.072 1577 -0.158 -0.824 1578 -0.534 -1.226 1579 -0.536 -0.043 1580 -0.414 0.794 1581 -0.636 -1.172 1582 -0.299 -1.321 1583 -0.350 -0.460 1584 0.120 -0.745 1585 0.036 0.789 1586 0.901 1.399 1587 -0.259 -0.917 1588 1.020 -0.443 1589 0.199 -0.278 1590 0.886 0.026 1591 1.184 1.373 1592 1.651 1.056 1593 -0.399 0.587 1594 0.035 -0.334 1595 0.274 -2.536 1596 0.454 -0.086 1597 1.196 1.049 1598 1.392 0.011 1599 1.763 1.692 1600 0.687 0.742 1601 -0.309 1.488 1602 -0.420 1.649 1603 0.200 1.271 1604 -0.712 0.860 1605 -1.611 -0.610 1606 -1.258 -0.177 1607 -0.618 0.615 1608 0.295 -0.224 1609 0.652 -0.334 1610 0.339 0.507 1611 1.163 1.313 1612 0.671 -0.557 1613 0.941 0.003 1614 0.539 0.659 1615 -0.864 0.023 1616 0.215 -0.494 1617 0.740 -0.909 1618 -1.055 -1.063 1619 0.110 -1.510 1620 -0.363 -0.485 1621 0.242 -0.996 1622 -0.703 0.082 1623 -1.506 -0.993 1624 0.128 -0.756 1625 0.265 1.191 1626 -0.301 1.878 1627 -1.089 0.226 1628 -0.329 -0.936 1629 -1.213 -1.032 1630 -1.756 -0.924 1631 -0.383 -1.716 1632 0.554 -1.483 1633 0.614 -0.147 1634 -1.593 0.032 1635 -2.003 0.714 1636 0.149 0.869 1637 -0.880 -1.011 1638 0.180 -1.090 1639 -1.083 -0.569 1640 0.299 1.014 1641 0.429 1.760 1642 0.059 1.318 1643 0.473 0.488 1644 0.702 -1.593 1645 -0.104 -1.635 1646 -1.239 -0.432 1647 -0.120 -0.899 1648 -1.152 -0.825 1649 -0.199 -1.066 1650 -0.052 -0.713 1651 0.085 -1.499 1652 0.132 -1.006 1653 -0.985 0.236 1654 0.860 0.666 1655 -0.063 1.086 1656 -0.052 0.886 1657 -2.227 0.715 1658 -0.691 0.349 1659 -0.315 2.082 1660 -0.247 1.808 1661 -1.471 -0.412 1662 -0.143 1.329 1663 -1.012 1.218 1664 -0.555 -0.511 1665 0.098 0.340 1666 0.686 0.571 1667 0.023 0.896 1668 0.974 1.265 1669 1.842 0.839 1670 -0.516 1.127 1671 0.086 0.734 1672 0.836 0.361 1673 1.177 0.061 1674 0.297 -0.595 1675 1.822 1.422 1676 0.514 0.653 1677 -0.599 -0.251 1678 0.687 -0.308 1679 -0.082 -0.933 1680 -0.457 -1.411 1681 0.176 -1.272 1682 -0.621 -0.408 1683 -0.213 0.900 1684 -1.396 1.399 1685 0.120 1.957 1686 -0.088 0.554 1687 -0.259 0.573 1688 -0.947 -0.383 1689 -0.380 -0.422 1690 -0.503 0.029 1691 0.004 -0.940 1692 -0.665 -0.509 1693 0.454 0.196 1694 0.132 0.170 1695 0.135 -0.092 1696 -0.634 -1.203 1697 -0.515 -1.464 1698 0.378 -1.599 1699 -0.218 -0.542 1700 -0.064 -0.187 1701 -0.696 0.114 1702 -0.429 -0.335 1703 -0.484 0.454 1704 -0.154 -0.202 1705 0.415 0.649 1706 -1.601 -0.321 1707 -0.102 -0.795 1708 -0.776 -1.666 1709 0.565 -1.499 1710 0.068 -1.015 1711 0.065 -0.179 1712 0.065 -0.254 1713 1.832 -0.579 1714 1.679 -0.442 1715 1.264 -0.270 1716 0.836 0.134 1717 -1.467 0.871 1718 -1.806 -0.796 1719 -1.437 0.295 1720 -2.591 1.046 1721 -2.234 -1.245 1722 -0.592 -0.647 1723 -0.914 0.464 1724 1.021 0.747 1725 -0.556 0.052 1726 -0.117 0.768 1727 -0.169 1.990 1728 0.620 1.741 1729 0.201 2.056 1730 -0.565 0.462 1731 0.111 0.585 1732 0.183 0.081 1733 0.932 -0.073 1734 0.290 -0.238 1735 0.129 -1.040 1736 -0.859 -0.714 1737 -0.133 -0.385 1738 0.227 0.250 1739 0.601 0.043 1740 0.355 -0.609 1741 -0.076 -0.647 1742 0.116 0.053 1743 -0.504 -1.847 1744 -1.174 0.019 1745 0.566 -0.954 1746 -0.250 0.373 1747 -0.358 0.815 1748 -1.493 0.175 1749 -0.297 -0.294 1750 1.672 -0.913 1751 -0.159 -0.386 1752 0.121 -0.058 1753 0.654 0.292 1754 0.411 0.415 1755 -0.485 0.963 1756 -0.911 0.199 1757 -0.835 -0.686 1758 -1.229 -0.540 1759 -1.902 -0.413 1760 -1.595 -0.076 1761 0.001 1.448 1762 0.349 1.273 1763 0.117 1.075 1764 -1.168 -0.319 1765 0.556 1.973 1766 -1.434 1.756 1767 0.800 0.340 1768 -0.001 -1.171 1769 -0.444 -1.086 1770 1.085 -2.107 1771 0.738 -1.537 1772 0.019 -0.313 1773 -0.845 -0.430 1774 -0.297 -1.599 1775 0.149 0.766 1776 0.008 -0.029 1777 0.363 0.844 1778 1.256 1.102 1779 0.639 0.867 1780 0.565 0.698 1781 2.332 1.125 1782 1.537 1.158 1783 0.729 -0.280 0.016 1784 -0.201 2.222 0.214 1785 -0.659 0.269 0.014 1786 1.106 -0.730 -0.167 1787 0.860 1.385 0.710 1788 0.997 -0.025 -0.092 1789 0.930 1.094 0.000 1790 -0.526 -0.557 -0.347 1791 -1.208 -0.845 -0.697 1792 0.082 0.514 -0.952 1793 -1.506 -0.813 -0.112 1794 -1.919 0.380 -0.905 1795 -0.175 0.150 -0.565 1796 -1.285 -0.861 -0.350 1797 0.260 0.337 -0.659 1798 -0.419 -0.067 -0.867 1799 0.235 0.980 -0.155 1800 -1.703 -0.022 -0.598 1801 1.712 1.060 0.941 1802 0.008 0.063 1.770 1803 -0.215 0.513 0.412 1804 1.209 -0.400 -1.756 1805 0.910 -1.132 0.033 1806 1.470 0.234 -0.130 1807 1.137 -0.265 0.893 1808 -0.673 -0.790 0.750 1809 -0.288 -1.549 -0.307 1810 1.049 -1.016 1.025 1811 0.136 1.057 0.419 1812 -1.134 1.701 0.979 1813 -0.181 0.921 1.123 1814 -0.407 0.232 0.454 1815 -1.699 0.733 1.077 1816 -0.162 -1.453 0.316 1817 -1.677 0.309 -0.539 1818 -0.943 -0.719 -0.140 1819 0.454 -1.811 1.634 1820 -0.185 -1.445 -0.441 1821 0.497 -0.773 -1.932 1822 0.405 0.152 0.207 1823 -0.410 -0.489 -0.922 1824 0.198 0.079 0.032 1825 0.804 0.234 0.360 1826 0.831 -0.527 -0.251 1827 1.254 0.784 0.941 1828 1.490 2.065 2.247 1829 1.603 1.653 -0.158 1830 0.201 1.739 -0.642 1831 -1.118 0.618 -0.940 1832 0.011 1.536 -0.657 1833 0.508 1.474 0.632 1834 0.334 0.123 2.003 1835 0.484 -0.161 0.426 1836 1.251 -1.349 0.672 1837 1.421 -0.687 -0.189 1838 0.257 -1.037 -0.097 1839 3.835 -0.486 -0.785 -1.546 1840 2.012 -0.593 -1.120 -2.104 1841 0.964 0.524 -0.546 -1.683 1842 -0.655 -0.110 -1.374 -1.017 1843 -0.527 0.116 -0.490 -0.830 1844 -0.851 -0.557 -1.318 -0.787 1845 0.121 0.233 0.012 -0.173 1846 -0.338 0.918 -0.643 0.558 1847 -0.960 -1.393 -0.507 -0.521 1848 -0.179 -0.266 -0.064 0.942 1849 -0.371 -0.597 0.403 0.446 1850 -0.375 -0.239 0.577 1.066 1851 -0.065 0.290 0.165 1.125 1852 -0.921 0.879 -0.248 0.627 1853 -0.803 0.233 0.136 0.683 1854 -1.205 -1.012 0.778 0.467 1855 -0.230 0.764 0.845 0.422 1856 -0.339 0.858 2.141 2.052 1857 -0.330 -0.739 0.961 0.452 1858 -0.320 1.563 0.691 1.014 1859 -0.868 0.130 0.034 0.995 1860 0.186 0.376 0.251 0.320 1861 -0.181 0.820 0.710 0.240 1862 -1.183 -0.295 -0.259 -1.251 1863 -2.097 -0.482 -1.303 -1.824 1864 -1.102 -0.689 -1.830 -1.576 1865 -1.604 0.123 -0.926 -1.328 1866 -0.226 0.011 0.343 -0.870 1867 -0.742 0.211 0.209 0.179 1868 -0.526 -0.830 -0.660 -0.307 1869 -2.037 -2.348 -1.197 -0.378 1870 -1.587 0.476 -0.449 0.827 1871 -1.179 0.327 -0.401 -0.228 1872 -1.055 0.433 0.082 1.377 1873 -0.122 1.710 -0.576 1.462 1874 -0.494 0.054 -0.555 -0.289 1875 -0.455 -0.105 -1.485 -0.916 1876 -0.806 -0.514 -0.632 -0.282 1877 0.476 0.177 0.553 0.869 1878 0.000 -0.398 0.210 0.414 1879 0.350 -0.558 0.517 0.903 1880 0.304 0.951 0.150 -0.109 1881 0.654 2.032 0.432 0.169 1882 -0.727 0.492 0.808 -0.227 1883 -0.412 -0.784 -0.550 -1.383 1884 -0.545 -2.307 -0.409 -0.798 1885 0.929 0.331 0.490 0.261 1886 0.883 -1.405 -1.146 -1.664 1887 -0.004 -0.688 -0.755 -0.570 1888 1.273 -0.709 -0.279 -0.782 1889 -1.605 -0.488 -1.527 -1.115 1890 0.017 -1.118 -0.119 -1.255 1891 0.863 -0.227 0.083 -0.332 1892 -0.129 -0.444 1.732 -0.311 1893 -0.330 0.235 1.405 -1.253 1894 -0.272 0.284 0.451 -1.848 1895 -0.240 1.273 0.173 0.251 1896 -0.915 0.008 1.531 0.073 1897 -1.016 -0.428 0.285 -0.186 1898 0.426 1.799 0.912 0.734 1899 0.595 -0.257 1.407 1.905 1900 1.312 1.204 -1.235 0.254 1901 1.095 2.176 1.542 0.743 1902 1.718 0.548 1.391 0.796 1903 1.128 1.741 -0.829 0.106 1904 1.280 0.672 0.600 0.967 1905 0.764 -2.190 1.054 0.928 1906 0.211 0.518 0.182 -0.682 1907 0.427 -1.295 -0.184 -1.512 1908 1.573 1.045 -0.582 -0.699 1909 0.940 0.530 -0.009 -1.163 1910 -1.323 0.282 -1.100 -3.607 1911 0.683 -0.547 -0.198 -1.116 1912 1.258 -1.446 0.433 -0.517 1913 1.035 0.007 0.657 -0.109 1914 0.000 0.398 -0.130 -0.485 1915 0.391 -2.057 -1.773 -0.223 1916 1.736 0.807 0.709 -0.015 1917 0.203 -0.306 -1.497 0.272 1918 -1.116 0.530 -0.198 0.516 1919 -1.935 -1.473 0.322 -0.782 1920 -1.095 -0.536 -0.147 -0.724 1921 -1.527 0.787 0.663 -1.215 1922 -1.852 1.340 0.508 0.813 1923 -0.699 0.236 1.257 -0.515 1924 -0.718 -1.045 -0.645 -0.482 1925 -0.550 1.093 0.773 0.994 1926 -1.282 -0.882 -0.462 1.593 1927 0.549 -0.381 0.662 0.662 1928 -0.062 -0.747 0.883 1.677 1929 0.838 -0.599 -0.293 0.158 1930 -0.687 -0.056 -0.518 0.619 1931 -1.335 -0.310 -1.336 0.079 1932 0.233 0.970 -1.393 0.155 1933 -1.071 0.935 -0.590 -1.269 1934 -0.423 1.189 0.069 -1.477 1935 -0.256 0.306 1.571 0.745 1936 -2.007 -1.616 -1.039 -1.221 1937 -1.890 -1.309 0.062 0.117 1938 -0.526 -0.629 -1.401 1.065 1939 -1.665 -0.681 -1.076 0.209 1940 -1.466 -1.108 -1.396 -0.540 1941 -1.016 -1.181 0.009 -0.061 1942 0.091 -0.513 0.152 1.315 1943 1.029 0.213 -0.302 -0.485 1944 -0.894 -0.233 0.157 0.932 1945 -0.055 1.062 1.137 0.905 1946 -0.434 0.779 -1.062 -0.030 1947 1.025 0.262 0.632 -0.123 1948 0.248 -0.216 1.130 -1.107 1949 -0.087 1.563 0.567 -0.336 1950 0.280 -0.299 2.577 0.020 1951 0.402 0.650 -0.296 0.307 1952 0.355 -0.324 -0.477 1.296 1953 1.226 0.237 2.370 1.435 1954 0.175 -0.390 1.615 0.528 1955 0.818 1.642 0.852 1.478 1956 -1.258 0.734 0.342 0.156 1957 -0.276 -0.965 1.899 0.376 1958 -0.436 0.407 -0.197 0.649 1959 0.079 1.069 -0.527 1.644 1960 -0.198 0.000 -1.598 0.428 1961 -1.361 -1.712 -1.641 -0.896 1962 -0.960 -0.546 -0.376 1.513 1963 -0.113 0.738 -0.255 1.604 1964 0.004 -0.836 -0.788 0.791 1965 0.545 3.293 -0.534 3.093 1966 1.125 0.949 -0.389 1.303 1967 0.255 -0.931 -0.990 1.181 1968 -0.725 -0.329 0.819 0.768 1969 0.920 -0.004 1.248 1.935 1970 0.456 -0.242 0.421 -0.033 1971 -0.347 1.480 -0.228 0.748 1972 0.204 0.125 -1.165 0.067 1973 0.808 0.220 0.870 0.436 1974 -0.684 1.150 -0.317 -0.893 1975 0.153 0.736 0.824 0.127 1976 -0.792 -0.154 -0.752 -0.660 1977 -0.552 -0.015 -0.454 -1.264 1978 1.839 0.337 1.720 -0.473 1979 0.460 -0.447 0.642 -1.399 1980 -0.770 -1.209 -1.933 -1.936 1981 1.577 0.585 0.543 -0.640 1982 0.283 -1.331 -0.392 -0.689 1983 -0.344 1.440 -0.855 -1.197 1984 -1.079 -0.583 -1.275 -0.176 1985 -1.886 0.163 -1.440 -0.146 1986 -0.177 0.893 0.891 -0.427 1987 -0.810 -1.122 0.043 -0.745 1988 -1.166 -1.684 -0.911 -0.698 1989 -0.744 0.313 0.315 0.000 1990 0.243 -0.500 0.034 -0.430 1991 0.822 0.300 -0.764 -0.440 1992 -0.655 -0.467 -0.574 -0.829 1993 2.319 -0.892 0.747 0.359 1994 2.911 2.103 0.476 0.036 1995 1.164 -2.197 0.316 -0.909 1996 0.832 0.651 1.420 -0.711 1997 0.482 1.003 1.587 -0.620 1998 0.600 -0.210 1.521 -0.558 1999 0.152 -0.865 2.157 1.081 2000 -0.674 0.162 1.723 2001 -0.739 0.911 2.044 2002 -0.787 -0.560 -0.569 2003 -0.291 -0.063 -0.320 2004 -0.410 -0.391 -0.154