# Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), # and date accessed when using these downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/11749 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-11749.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: ENSO #------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010-coa-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Center of Action Proxy Data # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: # #------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2011-06-29 #------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-03-31 #------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions #------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Wilson, R.J.S.; Cook, E.R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4176); D'Arrigo, R.D.; Riedwyl, N.; Evans, M.N.; Tudhope, A.W.; Allan, R.J. #------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Nino3.4 SST reconstructions based on a variety of proxy data, utilizing 3 reconstruction methodologies, for the core ENSO region in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and for other tropical regions displaying teleconnected ENSO responses. The first region is labeled the 'centre of action' (COA), located in the central and eastern Pacific, where SSTs are positively correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. The second region is the 'teleconnection' (TEL) region covering all other tropical areas where SSTs are either inversely (e.g. Indonesia to Tonga) or positively (e.g. Indian Ocean) correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. Independent reconstructions of annual NINO3.4 SSTs were developed for the COA and TEL regions, using three approaches: (1) composite plus regression, (2) principal component regression, and (3) regularised expectation maximisation. #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan # Journal_Name: Journal of Quaternary Science # Published_Title: Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-12-04 # Volume: 25 # Issue: 1 # Pages: 62-78 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297 # Full_Citation: Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan. 2010. Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 62–78, January 2010. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297, ISSN 0267-8179. # Abstract: In this study we compare three newly developed independent NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions using data from (1) the central Pacific (corals), (2) the TexMex region of the USA (tree rings) and (3) other regions in the Tropics (corals and an ice core) which are teleconnected with central Pacific SSTs in the 20th century. Although these three reconstructions are strongly calibrated and well verified, inter-proxy comparison shows a significant weakening in interproxy coherence in the 19th century. This breakdown in common signal could be related to insufficient data, dating errors in some of the proxy records or a breakdown in El Nino–Southern Oscillation's (ENSO's) influence on other regions. However, spectral analysis indicates that each reconstruction portrays ENSO-like spectral properties. Superposed epoch analysis also shows that each reconstruction shows a generally consistent 'El Nino-like' response to major volcanic events in the following year, while during years T+4 to T+7 'La Nina-like' conditions prevail. These results suggest that each of the series expresses ENSO-like 'behaviour', but this 'behaviour' does not appear to be spatially or temporally consistent. This result may reflect published observations that there appear to be distinct 'types' of ENSO variability depending on location within the tropical Pacific. Future work must address potential dating issues within some proxies (i.e. sampling of multiple coral heads for one location) as well as assessing the time stability of local climate relationships with central Pacific SSTs. More emphasis is needed on sampling new and extending old coral proxy records from the crucial central and eastern tropical #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Community # Grant_Number: 017008-2 MILLENNIUM #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: OCE 04-02474 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: ATM 03-49356 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) # Grant_Number: NER/GR3/ 12021 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Met Office Hadley Centre's Integrated Climate Programme # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) # Grant_Number: GA01101 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Defence (MoD) # Grant_Number: CBC/2B/0417_AnnexC5 #------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Nino3.4 # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 5 # Southernmost_Latitude: -5 # Easternmost_Longitude: -120 # Westernmost_Longitude: -170 # Elevation_m: #------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: sst_coa_wilson2010 # First_Year: 1607 # Last_Year: 2007 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: sea surface temperature,atmospheric circulation # Notes: #------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information ## age age,,,year Common Era,,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## nino3.4 Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,degree Celsius,annual,instrumental,,,N, ## cprcoa Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,composite plus regression,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990 ## pcrcoa Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,regression analysis,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1991; principal components regression ## regemcoa Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,regression analysis,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1992; regularized expectation maximization 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-0.427 -0.4888 -0.6323 -0.6253 1899 0.121 0.0546 0.0415 0.0909 1900 0.9162 0.3021 0.2631 0.4199 1901 0.0525 -0.132 -0.1669 -0.1788 1902 0.6903 0.4301 0.4688 0.4728 1903 0.2969 0.4918 0.5615 0.5444 1904 -0.0678 -0.0173 -0.0686 -0.0225 1905 0.9651 0.7759 0.9418 0.9249 1906 0.2035 0.3769 0.4053 0.4238 1907 -0.3169 0.2248 0.3212 0.265 1908 -0.3262 -0.2197 -0.0635 -0.2248 1909 -0.7856 -0.3622 -0.235 -0.448 1910 -0.8672 -0.5765 -0.5351 -0.5867 1911 -0.2872 0.0971 0.2214 0.1808 1912 0.4335 0.5443 0.5602 0.6216 1913 0.0225 0.181 0.2168 0.2314 1914 0.6118 1.0303 1.1612 1.2729 1915 0.529 0.6328 0.7069 0.7178 1916 -0.7208 -0.4248 -0.3196 -0.4375 1917 -0.4023 -0.9275 -0.876 -0.9189 1918 9.58E-03 0.1691 0.2067 0.2001 1919 0.7886 0.497 0.6072 0.6393 1920 0.346 0.1119 0.2283 0.1793 1921 -0.3142 -0.3468 -0.2104 -0.3145 1922 -0.2369 -0.1198 1.31E-03 -0.097 1923 -6.23E-03 -0.0323 0.0406 0.0491 1924 -0.1705 -0.0802 -0.016 -1.14E-03 1925 0.1041 -3.99E-03 0.0221 NA 1926 0.7771 0.3728 0.3484 NA 1927 -0.0177 -0.1414 -0.137 NA 1928 0.0531 -0.0429 -0.0642 NA 1929 0.1313 0.0192 5.17E-03 NA 1930 0.7513 0.571 0.5786 NA 1931 0.6935 0.4104 0.4113 NA 1932 0.1052 -0.0187 0.0249 NA 1933 -0.4609 -0.4112 -0.3928 NA 1934 -0.4707 -0.3345 -0.3009 NA 1935 -0.0897 -0.1815 -0.1009 NA 1936 0.1509 0.1122 0.1511 NA 1937 0.1417 0.3121 0.2847 NA 1938 -0.2798 -0.0356 -0.068 NA 1939 -0.1652 0.1717 0.0618 NA 1940 0.7245 0.7911 0.7754 NA 1941 1.2183 1.2367 1.2762 NA 1942 -0.148 0.4893 0.4255 NA 1943 -0.4883 -0.2464 -0.3597 NA 1944 -0.0251 -0.2679 -0.3243 NA 1945 -0.5085 -0.3803 -0.455 NA 1946 -0.1734 0.0111 -0.0458 NA 1947 -0.1822 -0.2179 -0.2097 NA 1948 0.157 0.0574 0.0739 NA 1949 -0.272 -0.347 -0.3336 NA 1950 -0.9836 -0.8754 -0.9154 NA 1951 0.0805 0.0367 0.0194 NA 1952 9.54E-03 0.0584 0.0131 NA 1953 0.3536 0.2839 0.266 NA 1954 -0.4146 -0.1909 -0.2625 NA 1955 -1.0298 -0.6715 -0.6732 NA 1956 -0.84 -0.7941 -0.816 NA 1957 0.4247 0.1993 0.1608 NA 1958 0.5942 0.7246 0.7119 NA 1959 0.1066 0.4658 0.4718 NA 1960 5.39E-03 -0.1019 -0.1307 NA 1961 -0.0645 -0.0401 -0.1088 NA 1962 -0.2176 -0.3996 -0.3648 NA 1963 0.335 -0.1216 -0.0549 NA 1964 -0.2685 -0.2458 -0.2187 NA 1965 0.4905 0.3831 0.5002 NA 1966 0.4684 0.5185 0.5264 NA 1967 -0.2752 -0.2025 -0.2107 NA 1968 -0.0228 -0.1284 -0.0516 NA 1969 0.657 0.3544 0.5564 NA 1970 -0.1166 -0.3097 -0.3251 NA 1971 -0.8564 -0.9077 -0.8704 NA 1972 0.6126 0.4843 0.5537 NA 1973 -0.1923 -0.2202 -0.2471 NA 1974 -0.9576 -0.7841 -0.7797 NA 1975 -0.8855 -0.9238 -0.9256 NA 1976 -0.1791 -0.3268 -0.2376 NA 1977 0.5581 0.3657 0.3044 NA 1978 2.74E-04 0.3926 0.3518 NA 1979 0.2326 0.3708 0.4296 NA 1980 0.259 0.6299 0.6258 NA 1981 -0.0701 0.413 0.3895 NA 1982 0.8265 0.0182 0.3608 NA 1983 0.8283 -0.0604 0.237 NA 1984 -0.5726 -0.3688 -0.3758 NA 1985 -0.7112 -0.0712 -0.0943 NA 1986 0.0645 0.5301 0.5344 NA 1987 1.3194 0.7528 1.1069 NA 1988 -0.6736 -0.344 -0.3523 NA 1989 -0.8439 -0.6531 -0.6956 NA 1990 0.2316 0.482 0.569 NA 1991 0.58 0.6729 0.9704 NA 1992 0.854 0.76 0.7478 NA 1993 0.5152 0.7586 0.7616 NA 1994 0.3872 0.6604 0.7812 NA 1995 0.2251 0.4878 0.3059 NA 1996 -0.2995 -0.1707 -0.1818 NA 1997 1.0671 0.8226 1.3519 NA 1998 0.4961 0.0778 0.0928 NA 1999 -0.9946 NA NA NA 2000 -0.8272 NA NA NA 2001 -0.2806 NA NA NA 2002 0.5239 NA NA NA 2003 0.4216 NA NA NA 2004 0.4299 NA NA NA 2005 0.2506 NA NA NA 2006 0.0323 NA NA NA 2007 -0.2435 NA NA NA