# Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), # and date accessed when using these downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/11749 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-11749.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: ENSO #------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010-comp-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Composite Data of Three Reconstruction Techniques # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: # #------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2011-06-29 #------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-03-29 #------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions #------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Wilson, R.J.S.; Cook, E.R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4176); D'Arrigo, R.D.; Riedwyl, N.; Evans, M.N.; Tudhope, A.W.; Allan, R.J. #------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Nino3.4 SST reconstructions based on a variety of proxy data, utilizing 3 reconstruction methodologies, for the core ENSO region in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and for other tropical regions displaying teleconnected ENSO responses. The first region is labeled the 'centre of action' (COA), located in the central and eastern Pacific, where SSTs are positively correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. The second region is the 'teleconnection' (TEL) region covering all other tropical areas where SSTs are either inversely (e.g. Indonesia to Tonga) or positively (e.g. Indian Ocean) correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. Independent reconstructions of annual NINO3.4 SSTs were developed for the COA and TEL regions, using three approaches: (1) composite plus regression, (2) principal component regression, and (3) regularised expectation maximisation. #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan # Journal_Name: Journal of Quaternary Science # Published_Title: Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-12-04 # Volume: 25 # Issue: 1 # Pages: 62-78 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297 # Full_Citation: Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan. 2010. Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 62–78, January 2010. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297, ISSN 0267-8179. # Abstract: In this study we compare three newly developed independent NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions using data from (1) the central Pacific (corals), (2) the TexMex region of the USA (tree rings) and (3) other regions in the Tropics (corals and an ice core) which are teleconnected with central Pacific SSTs in the 20th century. Although these three reconstructions are strongly calibrated and well verified, inter-proxy comparison shows a significant weakening in interproxy coherence in the 19th century. This breakdown in common signal could be related to insufficient data, dating errors in some of the proxy records or a breakdown in El Nino–Southern Oscillation's (ENSO's) influence on other regions. However, spectral analysis indicates that each reconstruction portrays ENSO-like spectral properties. Superposed epoch analysis also shows that each reconstruction shows a generally consistent 'El Nino-like' response to major volcanic events in the following year, while during years T+4 to T+7 'La Nina-like' conditions prevail. These results suggest that each of the series expresses ENSO-like 'behaviour', but this 'behaviour' does not appear to be spatially or temporally consistent. This result may reflect published observations that there appear to be distinct 'types' of ENSO variability depending on location within the tropical Pacific. Future work must address potential dating issues within some proxies (i.e. sampling of multiple coral heads for one location) as well as assessing the time stability of local climate relationships with central Pacific SSTs. More emphasis is needed on sampling new and extending old coral proxy records from the crucial central and eastern tropical #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Community # Grant_Number: 017008-2 MILLENNIUM #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: OCE 04-02474 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: ATM 03-49356 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) # Grant_Number: NER/GR3/ 12021 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Met Office Hadley Centre's Integrated Climate Programme # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) # Grant_Number: GA01101 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Defence (MoD) # Grant_Number: CBC/2B/0417_AnnexC5 #------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Nino3.4 # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 5 # Southernmost_Latitude: -5 # Easternmost_Longitude: -120 # Westernmost_Longitude: -170 # Elevation_m: #------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: sst_comp_wilson2010 # First_Year: 1540 # Last_Year: 1998 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: sea surface temperature,atmospheric circulation # Notes: #------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information # ## age age,,,year Common Era,,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## nino3.4 Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,degree Celsius,annual,instrumental,,,N, ## coa Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,standard deviation unit,annual,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,normalized,regression analysis,N,center of action proxies; anomalized wrt 1900-1980; composite average of three reconstruction techniques ## tel Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,multiple proxies,,standard deviation unit,annual,climate reconstructions,normalized,regression analysis,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1900-1980AD; composite average of three reconstruction techniques #------------------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age coa tel 1540 NA 1.4092 1541 NA -0.796 1542 NA 0.5588 1543 NA 5.55E-03 1544 NA 0.2688 1545 NA -1.0177 1546 NA 1.4436 1547 NA 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1812 -0.9782 0.4925 1813 -0.4814 -0.2516 1814 -1.0248 0.8303 1815 -0.6956 -0.1853 1816 -0.2846 0.9359 1817 0.0471 0.4276 1818 -0.1939 0.577 1819 -0.0375 0.2416 1820 0.2412 -0.4296 1821 -0.7005 1.3285 1822 -0.6363 0.6082 1823 1.1015 0.066 1824 0.0397 -0.6109 1825 0.4837 0.3458 1826 -0.0117 0.0498 1827 1.0145 -0.2837 1828 0.861 -0.5859 1829 -0.309 -1.1852 1830 1.2495 -0.8512 1831 1.286 -0.5914 1832 7.63E-03 -0.294 1833 -0.4435 0.0638 1834 -1.6221 0.5903 1835 -0.868 -0.6697 1836 -0.2453 0.9147 1837 0.9485 0.7821 1838 1.1339 0.318 1839 0.118 1.0276 1840 1.8804 0.3893 1841 -3.14E-03 0.306 1842 0.3946 0.1268 1843 0.4156 -0.237 1844 -0.7137 0.7396 1845 0.2356 5.85E-03 1846 0.5046 -0.2386 1847 4.49E-04 -0.365 1848 -0.989 -0.0664 1849 -0.3747 -0.267 1850 0.395 0.5879 1851 0.9038 0.3733 1852 0.4104 0.41 1853 0.1033 0.3318 1854 0.0239 0.5003 1855 0.1115 0.1733 1856 -0.4274 0.5488 1857 -0.7904 -0.8653 1858 -0.149 -0.2259 1859 -0.8189 0.1328 1860 -0.4185 0.0445 1861 -0.1745 -1.013 1862 -0.1796 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0.3662 0.5638 1914 2.3676 1.4057 1915 1.3773 0.9956 1916 -0.9136 -1.4609 1917 -2.007 -1.3063 1918 0.3293 -0.3069 1919 1.1525 0.4103 1920 0.2885 -0.7632 1921 -0.6956 -0.959 1922 -0.2302 -0.7068 1923 -0.0401 0.6162 1924 -0.1497 -0.0401 1925 -0.0818 0.6467 1926 0.6908 1.1201 1927 -0.4069 -0.0272 1928 -0.2184 0.0254 1929 -0.0742 0.134 1930 1.1604 1.2726 1931 0.8006 1.5369 1932 -0.0952 -0.4423 1933 -0.984 -1.2002 1934 -0.7993 0.2688 1935 -0.4126 0.3809 1936 0.1871 1.357 1937 0.5544 1.4112 1938 -0.2143 0.8257 1939 0.1571 -0.5508 1940 1.6185 1.7308 1941 2.6562 2.8827 1942 0.9041 0.6513 1943 -0.7644 -1.3014 1944 -0.7502 -1.2006 1945 -1.0166 -1.2251 1946 -0.1382 -0.2603 1947 -0.5706 -0.1102 1948 0.0425 -0.057 1949 -0.8485 -0.7338 1950 -2.0661 -0.8703 1951 -0.0394 -0.0592 1952 -0.022 0.2239 1953 0.5026 0.5436 1954 -0.5975 -0.885 1955 -1.5772 -1.0255 1956 -1.8681 -0.874 1957 0.2948 0.6449 1958 1.4758 0.7507 1959 0.9278 0.1872 1960 -0.3561 -1.0671 1961 -0.2634 -0.5211 1962 -0.9409 -0.7686 1963 -0.2963 0.4392 1964 -0.6116 0.6066 1965 0.8661 1.6453 1966 1.0456 1.838 1967 -0.5546 -0.224 1968 -0.3002 -0.6866 1969 0.8947 0.573 1970 -0.7977 -0.9665 1971 -2.0536 -2.2687 1972 1.0367 0.4603 1973 -0.6136 -0.3555 1974 -1.8178 -1.7029 1975 -2.1312 -1.9497 1976 -0.7223 -0.0507 1977 0.6355 0.1709 1978 0.7166 0.1826 1979 0.7762 -0.1408 1980 1.277 0.1821 1981 0.7801 -0.6299 1982 0.3083 1.1752 1983 0.087 1.7296 1984 -0.9184 -0.4545 1985 -0.2825 -0.9539 1986 1.067 -0.1582 1987 1.9334 1.7095 1988 -0.8654 -1.3446 1989 -1.5807 -2.6191 1990 1.0507 -0.2908 1991 1.697 0.1875 1992 1.554 0.7783 1993 1.5673 0.637 1994 1.4789 0.8267 1995 0.7734 -0.4542 1996 -0.4879 -1.0599 1997 2.2757 1.4842 1998 0.0857 1.1493