# Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), # and date accessed when using these downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/11749 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-11749.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: # # Science_Keywords: ENSO #------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010-tel-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Teleconnected Proxy Data # # Original_Source_URL: # Original_Source_Description: # #------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2011-06-29 #------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-03-29 #------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions #------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Wilson, R.J.S.; Cook, E.R.(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4176); D'Arrigo, R.D.; Riedwyl, N.; Evans, M.N.; Tudhope, A.W.; Allan, R.J. #------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Nino3.4 SST reconstructions based on a variety of proxy data, utilizing 3 reconstruction methodologies, for the core ENSO region in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and for other tropical regions displaying teleconnected ENSO responses. The first region is labeled the 'centre of action' (COA), located in the central and eastern Pacific, where SSTs are positively correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. The second region is the 'teleconnection' (TEL) region covering all other tropical areas where SSTs are either inversely (e.g. Indonesia to Tonga) or positively (e.g. Indian Ocean) correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs. Independent reconstructions of annual NINO3.4 SSTs were developed for the COA and TEL regions, using three approaches: (1) composite plus regression, (2) principal component regression, and (3) regularised expectation maximisation. #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan # Journal_Name: Journal of Quaternary Science # Published_Title: Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections # Published_Date_or_Year: 2009-12-04 # Volume: 25 # Issue: 1 # Pages: 62-78 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297 # Full_Citation: Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, A. Tudhope, and R. Allan. 2010. Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, climate forcing and teleconnections. Journal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 62–78, January 2010. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297, ISSN 0267-8179. # Abstract: In this study we compare three newly developed independent NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions using data from (1) the central Pacific (corals), (2) the TexMex region of the USA (tree rings) and (3) other regions in the Tropics (corals and an ice core) which are teleconnected with central Pacific SSTs in the 20th century. Although these three reconstructions are strongly calibrated and well verified, inter-proxy comparison shows a significant weakening in interproxy coherence in the 19th century. This breakdown in common signal could be related to insufficient data, dating errors in some of the proxy records or a breakdown in El Nino–Southern Oscillation's (ENSO's) influence on other regions. However, spectral analysis indicates that each reconstruction portrays ENSO-like spectral properties. Superposed epoch analysis also shows that each reconstruction shows a generally consistent 'El Nino-like' response to major volcanic events in the following year, while during years T+4 to T+7 'La Nina-like' conditions prevail. These results suggest that each of the series expresses ENSO-like 'behaviour', but this 'behaviour' does not appear to be spatially or temporally consistent. This result may reflect published observations that there appear to be distinct 'types' of ENSO variability depending on location within the tropical Pacific. Future work must address potential dating issues within some proxies (i.e. sampling of multiple coral heads for one location) as well as assessing the time stability of local climate relationships with central Pacific SSTs. More emphasis is needed on sampling new and extending old coral proxy records from the crucial central and eastern tropical #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Commission MILLENNIUM Integrated Project # Grant_Number: 017008-2 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: OCE 04-02474, ATM 03-49356 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) # Grant_Number: NER/GR3/ 12021 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Met Office Hadley Centre's Integrated Climate Programme # Grant_Number: #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) # Grant_Number: GA01101 #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Ministry of Defence (MoD) # Grant_Number: CBC/2B/0417_AnnexC5 #------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Nino3.4 # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 5 # Southernmost_Latitude: -5 # Easternmost_Longitude: -120 # Westernmost_Longitude: -170 # Elevation_m: #------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: sst_tel_wilson2010 # First_Year: 1540 # Last_Year: 2007 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: sea surface temperature,atmospheric circulation # Notes: #------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information # ## age age,,,year Common Era,,climate reconstructions;corals and sclerosponges,,,N, ## nino3.4 Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,,,degree Celsius,annual,instrumental,,,N, ## cprtel Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,multiple proxies,,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,composite plus regression,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990AD ## pcrtel Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,multiple proxies,,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990AD; principal components regression ## regemtel Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature index,multiple proxies,,degree Celsius,annual,climate reconstructions,anomalized,regression analysis,N,teleconnected proxies; anomalized wrt 1961-1990AD; regularized expectation maximization #------------------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age nino3.4 cprtel pcrtel regemtel 1540 NA 0.535 0.5596 0.718 1541 NA -0.5271 -0.5437 0.2108 1542 NA 0.2404 0.2536 0.19 1543 NA -0.1184 -0.1192 0.3299 1544 NA 0.1429 0.1523 1.46E-03 1545 NA -0.6412 -0.6622 0.1811 1546 NA 0.5412 0.566 0.7557 1547 NA -2.14E-04 3.64E-03 0.3656 1548 NA -0.8113 -0.8389 -1.7334 1549 NA -0.5603 -0.5781 0.2049 1550 NA 0.0226 0.0274 -0.1871 1551 NA 0.6636 0.6932 0.556 1552 NA 0.033 0.0381 -0.1871 1553 NA -0.8196 -0.8475 0.1275 1554 NA -0.0313 -0.0287 -0.3003 1555 NA 0.2093 0.2213 0.4251 1556 NA -0.0272 -0.0244 -0.3003 1557 NA 0.4105 0.4303 0.4787 1558 NA -0.1807 -0.1838 -0.5642 1559 NA -0.0624 -0.061 0.3477 1560 NA -0.4815 -0.4963 -1.1299 1561 NA 0.0641 0.0704 0.3834 1562 NA -0.5914 -0.6105 -1.3185 1563 NA 1.86E-03 5.80E-03 0.3656 1564 NA 0.4147 0.4346 0.5294 1565 NA 0.2778 0.2924 0.443 1566 NA 1.3523 1.4086 2.2265 1567 NA -0.2989 -0.3066 0.2763 1568 NA -0.7262 -0.7505 -1.5448 1569 NA -0.2968 -0.3045 0.2763 1570 NA 0.5433 0.5682 0.7557 1571 NA -0.8528 -0.882 0.1156 1572 NA -0.4628 -0.4769 -1.0922 1573 NA 0.2383 0.2514 0.431 1574 NA -0.2201 -0.2248 -0.6397 1575 NA -0.4586 -0.4726 0.2287 1576 NA -0.3902 -0.4014 -0.9414 1577 NA -1.0664 -1.1039 0.0561 1578 NA -0.5271 -0.5437 -1.2054 1579 NA 0.0351 0.0403 0.3715 1580 NA -0.2574 -0.2635 -0.7151 1581 NA 0.0579 0.064 0.3775 1582 NA 0.1782 0.189 0.0769 1583 NA 0.7196 0.7513 0.5679 1584 NA 0.7715 0.8052 1.1706 1585 NA -0.5147 -0.5307 0.2168 1586 NA 0.0268 0.0317 -0.1871 1587 NA -0.5001 -0.5156 0.2168 1588 NA -0.2201 -0.2248 -0.6397 1589 NA -0.0126 -9.27E-03 0.3596 1590 NA -0.023 -0.02 -0.3003 1591 NA 0.1056 0.1135 0.3953 1592 NA 0.3918 0.4109 0.454 1593 NA 0.2674 0.2816 0.437 1594 NA 0.6449 0.6738 0.9443 1595 NA 0.6138 0.6415 0.5382 1596 NA 0.1574 0.1674 0.0392 1597 NA 0.2819 0.2967 0.443 1598 NA -0.0189 -0.0158 -0.2625 1599 NA 8.08E-03 0.0123 0.3656 1600 NA -0.8134 -0.841 -1.7334 1601 NA -0.8673 -0.897 0.1156 1602 NA -0.4981 -0.5135 -1.1299 1603 NA -0.1599 -0.1623 0.318 1604 NA -0.4981 -0.5135 -1.1299 1605 NA -0.2263 -0.2312 0.3001 1606 NA 0.4084 0.4281 0.4917 1607 NA 0.2321 0.245 0.431 1608 NA 0.3213 0.3376 0.3409 1609 NA 0.4976 0.5208 0.5084 1610 NA 0.5308 0.5553 0.718 1611 NA -0.4503 -0.4639 0.2346 1612 NA 0.0454 0.051 -0.1494 1613 NA -0.5582 -0.576 0.2049 1614 NA -0.0334 -0.0308 -0.3003 1615 NA -0.189 -0.1924 0.3061 1616 NA 0.0392 0.0446 -0.1871 1617 NA 0.062 0.0683 0.3834 1618 NA 0.4064 0.426 0.4917 1619 NA 0.2861 0.301 0.443 1620 NA 0.2674 0.2816 0.2277 1621 NA -0.0521 -0.0502 0.3477 1622 NA -0.5914 -0.6105 -1.3185 1623 NA 0.3835 0.4023 0.4727 1624 NA 0.3234 0.3398 0.3409 1625 NA -0.5271 -0.5437 0.2108 1626 NA -0.2699 -0.2765 -0.7151 1627 NA -0.5188 -0.535 0.2168 1628 NA -0.6101 -0.6299 -1.3562 1629 NA -0.2557 -0.2618 -0.3537 1630 NA -0.4821 -0.4969 -0.8436 1631 NA 0.0107 0.015 -0.0845 1632 NA 0.0272 0.0322 0.344 1633 NA 0.4145 0.4344 0.5878 1634 NA 0.5767 0.6029 1.2221 1635 NA 0.612 0.6396 1.695 1636 NA -0.403 -0.4147 -0.2097 1637 NA -0.1803 -0.1834 -0.1715 1638 NA -0.2533 -0.2593 -0.7401 1639 NA 0.256 0.2698 0.4732 1640 NA -0.6671 -0.6891 -0.8208 1641 NA -0.3099 -0.3181 -0.9034 1642 NA -0.1425 -0.1442 -0.0805 1643 NA -0.3854 -0.3965 -1.0434 1644 NA 0.2749 0.2894 0.4943 1645 NA 0.1051 0.113 0.0976 1646 NA 0.4711 0.4932 0.7489 1647 NA -0.1577 -0.16 0.3412 1648 NA 0.0673 0.0738 0.0276 1649 NA 0.3579 0.3756 0.4922 1650 NA -0.4195 -0.4319 -0.645 1651 NA 0.3314 0.3482 0.6576 1652 NA -0.1554 -0.1575 -0.0383 1653 NA -0.3705 -0.381 -0.2952 1654 NA -0.027 -0.0242 -0.208 1655 NA 0.3692 0.3874 0.702 1656 NA 0.6144 0.6421 1.3086 1657 NA 0.5088 0.5324 0.8166 1658 NA 0.3827 0.4014 0.7357 1659 NA -0.0438 -0.0416 0.2037 1660 NA -0.2935 -0.301 -0.1398 1661 NA -0.1356 -0.137 -0.7983 1662 NA -0.6965 -0.7196 -0.7437 1663 NA -0.1484 -0.1502 0.0561 1664 NA -0.3069 -0.3149 0.0963 1665 NA 0.17 0.1805 0.3644 1666 NA -0.0495 -0.0476 0.0505 1667 NA -0.1979 -0.2017 0.0966 1668 NA -0.0856 -0.085 -0.1707 1669 NA -0.232 -0.2371 -0.2032 1670 NA 0.1496 0.1592 0.1645 1671 NA -0.0338 -0.0312 0.1636 1672 NA -0.1209 -0.1218 0.1472 1673 NA 0.2951 0.3104 0.67 1674 NA -0.2062 -0.2103 -0.1769 1675 NA -0.5061 -0.5219 -0.4526 1676 NA -0.1944 -0.1981 -0.3418 1677 NA -0.099 -0.099 0.0595 1678 NA -0.151 -0.153 0.1448 1679 NA -0.2659 -0.2724 0.024 1680 NA 0.3043 0.3199 0.5351 1681 NA 0.1969 0.2084 0.2615 1682 NA -1.25E-03 2.57E-03 0.3328 1683 NA -0.2403 -0.2458 -0.6932 1684 NA -0.4949 -0.5102 -0.8391 1685 NA -0.2789 -0.2859 -0.3325 1686 NA -0.293 -0.3005 -0.0192 1687 NA 0.0829 0.09 0.0274 1688 NA 0.3974 0.4166 0.5723 1689 NA -2.60E-03 1.17E-03 0.2885 1690 NA -0.1971 -0.2009 0.279 1691 NA 0.4367 0.4575 0.4703 1692 NA -0.5416 -0.5587 -0.6261 1693 NA 0.1374 0.1466 0.2256 1694 NA 0.5775 0.6038 0.6877 1695 NA -0.0597 -0.0582 -0.1209 1696 NA 0.1978 0.2094 0.3705 1697 NA 0.0382 0.0435 0.4502 1698 NA -0.4814 -0.4962 -0.4728 1699 NA 0.403 0.4225 1.0446 1700 NA 0.3872 0.4061 0.8062 1701 NA 0.116 0.1244 0.7539 1702 NA -0.0439 -0.0418 0.0384 1703 NA 4.35E-03 8.39E-03 0.127 1704 NA -0.4349 -0.4479 -0.4024 1705 NA -0.0777 -0.0769 0.1907 1706 NA -0.6993 -0.7225 -0.6756 1707 NA -0.1972 -0.2009 -0.3596 1708 NA -0.4695 -0.4838 -0.461 1709 NA -0.3666 -0.377 -1.0605 1710 NA -0.2453 -0.2509 -0.337 1711 NA 0.1023 0.1102 0.043 1712 NA 9.00E-03 0.0132 0.1132 1713 NA 0.3288 0.3455 -0.0513 1714 NA 0.0583 0.0644 0.1395 1715 NA -0.026 -0.0231 0.0864 1716 NA -1.40E-03 2.41E-03 0.418 1717 NA 0.0939 0.1014 0.5288 1718 NA -9.38E-03 -5.88E-03 0.4477 1719 NA 0.4016 0.421 0.718 1720 NA 0.3016 0.3171 0.3944 1721 NA 0.3946 0.4138 0.73 1722 NA 0.2964 0.3118 0.1694 1723 NA 0.3532 0.3708 0.2471 1724 NA 0.4125 0.4323 0.1615 1725 NA -0.6634 -0.6853 -0.2988 1726 NA 0.0929 0.1004 0.6689 1727 NA 0.0849 0.1727 0.2365 1728 NA 0.4832 0.497 0.6769 1729 NA -0.0374 -0.3238 -0.357 1730 NA 0.0833 0.2161 0.3009 1731 NA 0.1911 0.4031 0.5488 1732 NA -0.3935 -0.1109 -0.1592 1733 NA 0.2202 0.3768 0.4954 1734 NA -0.1114 0.0983 0.1208 1735 NA 0.2919 0.3151 0.4497 1736 NA 0.5318 0.7184 0.928 1737 NA -0.2173 -0.2036 -0.2261 1738 NA 0.2018 0.0517 0.0978 1739 NA 0.1389 3.34E-03 0.0261 1740 NA -0.032 -0.1701 -0.1929 1741 NA 0.0115 -0.2066 -0.2418 1742 NA -0.3212 -0.3422 -0.4285 1743 NA -0.4041 -0.2845 -0.3711 1744 NA -0.2692 -0.0997 -0.1536 1745 NA -4.57E-03 -0.078 -0.0798 1746 NA -0.14 0.0232 1.26E-03 1747 NA -0.3147 -0.2496 -0.3016 1748 NA 0.3298 0.0183 0.09 1749 NA 0.3489 0.1256 0.1902 1750 NA 4.66E-03 -0.0841 -0.0872 1751 NA -0.2641 -0.4577 -0.5595 1752 NA -0.4663 -0.467 -0.5876 1753 NA -0.3854 -0.3498 -0.4316 1754 NA -0.4688 -0.4579 -0.5755 1755 NA -0.4206 -0.5149 -0.6608 1756 NA -0.2598 -0.3768 -0.4527 1757 NA -0.5275 -0.3966 -0.5186 1758 NA -0.1747 0.0953 0.0907 1759 NA -0.4153 -0.3121 -0.3687 1760 NA 0.3103 0.2633 0.3682 1761 NA 0.1153 0.2415 0.3194 1762 NA 0.0946 0.2696 0.3641 1763 NA 0.0825 0.056 0.1091 1764 NA 0.0993 0.0302 0.0555 1765 NA 0.178 0.1571 0.2074 1766 NA 0.0932 0.1225 0.1609 1767 NA 0.0851 -0.0556 -0.0281 1768 NA 0.1302 0.3761 0.4498 1769 NA 4.89E-03 0.188 0.2311 1770 NA 0.1429 0.1443 0.1832 1771 NA -0.2419 -0.455 -0.561 1772 NA 0.1745 0.1168 0.1491 1773 NA 0.3103 0.3002 0.391 1774 NA 0.021 -0.1132 -0.106 1775 NA -0.1327 -0.0181 -0.0385 1776 NA 0.1299 0.0594 0.358 1777 NA 0.1776 0.1404 0.3196 1778 NA 0.2614 0.277 0.3112 1779 NA -0.0474 -0.1569 0.0315 1780 NA -0.4029 -0.4015 -0.4154 1781 NA 0.1005 0.1331 0.0633 1782 NA 0.0944 0.095 0.1133 1783 NA -0.3636 -0.3994 -0.444 1784 NA 0.0933 -0.1582 -8.86E-03 1785 NA -0.0524 -0.0339 -6.17E-03 1786 NA -0.3799 -0.3495 -0.3939 1787 NA -0.17 -0.1385 -0.1731 1788 NA -0.2886 -0.3868 -0.4074 1789 NA -0.155 -0.1195 -0.1494 1790 NA -0.0819 -6.60E-04 -0.0297 1791 NA -0.1455 -0.1891 -0.2184 1792 NA 0.2241 0.1148 0.1965 1793 NA -0.107 -0.2718 -0.1852 1794 NA -0.0682 -0.2542 -0.1635 1795 NA -0.2331 -0.3218 -0.3114 1796 NA -0.1229 -0.2626 -0.2394 1797 NA -0.3879 -0.3245 -0.4351 1798 NA -0.2073 -0.1793 -0.2261 1799 NA -0.3797 -0.3287 -0.3968 1800 NA 0.1149 0.0119 0.0966 1801 NA -0.2697 -0.2691 -0.3046 1802 NA -0.258 -0.16 -0.2259 1803 NA -0.1201 -0.1086 -0.1577 1804 NA -0.0388 -0.1297 -0.073 1805 NA 0.2448 0.0745 0.2079 1806 NA -0.5113 -0.4777 -0.6603 1807 NA -0.4309 -0.4326 -0.5127 1808 NA 6.57E-03 -0.014 4.00E-03 1809 NA -0.0652 -0.0913 8.69E-03 1810 NA -1.05E-04 -0.0353 0.1001 1811 NA 0.0973 0.0775 0.279 1812 NA 0.2127 0.1588 0.2544 1813 NA -0.1253 -0.1331 -0.0578 1814 NA 0.3232 0.2895 0.4606 1815 NA -0.0996 -0.1228 -1.73E-03 1816 NA 0.3593 0.3312 0.5218 1817 NA 0.1479 0.1055 0.317 1818 NA 0.1973 0.1927 0.3666 1819 NA 0.061 0.0961 0.154 1820 NA -0.2052 -0.1944 -0.1458 1821 NA 0.5283 0.5416 0.6217 1822 NA 0.2172 0.2527 0.3051 1823 NA -1.25E-03 0.0445 0.031 1824 NA -0.286 -0.277 -0.2082 1825 NA 0.0713 0.168 0.2082 1826 NA 0.0162 0.0367 -9.76E-03 1827 NA -0.1167 -0.0913 -0.1804 1828 NA -0.2467 -0.2111 -0.316 1829 NA -0.4854 -0.4468 -0.6152 1830 NA -0.3413 -0.302 -0.4832 1831 NA -0.2535 -0.2265 -0.2936 1832 NA -0.1283 -0.1142 -0.1485 1833 NA 0.0199 0.0619 -0.0273 1834 NA 0.2723 0.2059 0.2613 1835 NA -0.2783 -0.2792 -0.3116 1836 NA 0.3949 0.3366 0.4284 1837 NA 0.3414 0.2863 0.3607 1838 NA 0.113 0.1221 0.1667 1839 NA 0.4374 0.3884 0.4779 1840 NA 0.1398 0.1985 0.1374 1841 NA 0.1127 0.1374 0.1262 1842 NA 0.0813 7.96E-03 0.0608 1843 NA -0.092 -0.1618 -0.0426 1844 NA 0.2588 0.4078 0.2426 1845 NA -0.0499 0.0823 -0.0486 1846 NA -0.1175 -0.0392 -0.1785 1847 NA -0.1289 -0.1437 -0.2218 1848 NA 0.0298 -0.0319 -0.1225 1849 NA -0.1132 -0.0767 -0.1788 1850 NA 0.1927 0.2981 0.2446 1851 NA 0.1502 0.2006 0.0936 1852 NA 0.1599 0.1976 0.143 1853 NA 0.1177 0.1732 0.1112 1854 NA 0.2168 0.2166 0.1807 1855 NA 0.0736 0.0864 0.0384 1856 NA 0.2691 0.1895 0.2213 1857 NA -0.3334 -0.3605 -0.4363 1858 NA -0.0967 -0.0935 -0.1126 1859 NA 0.0597 0.0737 0.0105 1860 NA 0.0487 0.022 -0.045 1861 NA -0.3867 -0.3935 -0.5528 1862 NA -8.89E-03 0.0331 -0.0174 1863 NA -0.0193 8.79E-03 -0.0619 1864 NA -0.0791 -0.051 -0.1247 1865 NA 0.1651 0.2005 0.1887 1866 NA 0.1616 0.1595 0.1976 1867 NA -0.1158 -0.1037 -0.1543 1868 NA -0.0919 -0.0372 -0.0884 1869 NA 0.0245 -0.0118 3.13E-03 1870 NA -0.5426 -0.5813 -0.663 1871 -0.37 -0.4867 -0.5468 -0.6601 1872 -0.59 -0.1587 -0.1992 -0.2716 1873 -0.61 -0.0845 -0.0983 -0.18 1874 -0.94 -0.1337 -0.145 -0.1961 1875 -0.7 -0.367 -0.4015 -0.5007 1876 -0.49 -0.0888 -0.0379 -0.0682 1877 1.15 0.4024 0.5014 0.5417 1878 0.92 0.362 0.3804 0.4395 1879 -0.57 -0.5604 -0.5325 -0.6274 1880 -0.37 -0.411 -0.3853 -0.4727 1881 0.1 -0.0941 -0.0872 -0.1177 1882 -0.34 -0.5582 -0.5639 -0.6539 1883 -0.22 0.0353 0.0426 0.0359 1884 0.22 0.3885 0.4725 0.5753 1885 0.42 0.6309 0.6567 0.7321 1886 -0.48 -0.2636 -0.2417 -0.329 1887 -0.64 -0.3701 -0.3446 -0.42 1888 0.78 0.1472 0.1262 0.187 1889 0.25 -0.2456 -0.2832 -0.2639 1890 -1.23 -0.4386 -0.4453 -0.4904 1891 0.03 -0.1617 -0.1901 -0.1916 1892 -0.64 -0.6629 -0.7555 -0.7598 1893 -1.16 -0.7963 -0.9101 -0.9348 1894 -0.86 -0.7148 -0.8485 -0.8406 1895 0 -0.1786 -0.1924 -0.2088 1896 0.58 0.2768 0.3028 0.3433 1897 0.33 -0.22 -0.2139 -0.2056 1898 -0.43 -0.5251 -0.5047 -0.6113 1899 0.12 -0.1547 -0.1856 -0.2459 1900 0.92 0.1688 0.2001 0.1575 1901 0.05 -0.1808 -0.1028 -0.1895 1902 0.69 0.4367 0.4343 0.5014 1903 0.3 0.1195 0.1001 0.1357 1904 -0.07 -0.0442 0.0216 0.0157 1905 0.97 0.6991 0.751 0.8168 1906 0.2 0.1029 0.2185 0.2187 1907 -0.32 0.1703 0.2466 0.2173 1908 -0.33 -0.751 -0.7518 -0.8241 1909 -0.79 -0.6723 -0.7064 -0.734 1910 -0.87 -0.3983 -0.4193 -0.4782 1911 -0.29 -0.137 -0.1877 -0.1603 1912 0.43 0.4298 0.4387 0.4823 1913 0.02 0.1983 0.2479 0.267 1914 0.61 0.5611 0.5666 0.6646 1915 0.53 0.3967 0.4172 0.4451 1916 -0.72 -0.626 -0.5714 -0.6856 1917 -0.4 -0.5135 -0.5567 -0.6182 1918 0.01 -0.0977 -0.1522 -0.161 1919 0.79 0.177 0.1554 0.1773 1920 0.35 -0.3433 -0.2735 -0.3772 1921 -0.31 -0.3935 -0.3802 -0.4738 1922 -0.24 -0.2853 -0.2672 -0.3783 1923 -0.01 0.2256 0.2901 0.2538 1924 -0.17 -0.0336 0.011 -0.0477 1925 0.1 0.2346 0.2216 NA 1926 0.78 0.3535 0.4676 NA 1927 -0.02 -0.0967 0.0403 NA 1928 0.05 -0.0622 0.0454 NA 1929 0.13 -0.0142 0.0802 NA 1930 0.75 0.4424 0.4941 NA 1931 0.69 0.5083 0.6319 NA 1932 0.11 -0.2263 -0.149 NA 1933 -0.46 -0.5119 -0.4436 NA 1934 -0.47 0.0437 0.1253 NA 1935 -0.09 0.1075 0.1464 NA 1936 0.15 0.4952 0.505 NA 1937 0.14 0.5235 0.5179 NA 1938 -0.28 0.2912 0.3025 NA 1939 -0.17 -0.2348 -0.225 NA 1940 0.72 0.6662 0.619 NA 1941 1.22 1.0881 1.0793 NA 1942 -0.15 0.1794 0.2827 NA 1943 -0.49 -0.5702 -0.4619 NA 1944 -0.03 -0.4789 -0.4783 NA 1945 -0.51 -0.4856 -0.4905 NA 1946 -0.17 -0.0941 -0.1446 NA 1947 -0.18 -0.0363 -0.0875 NA 1948 0.16 -0.0117 -0.0716 NA 1949 -0.27 -0.2871 -0.3135 NA 1950 -0.98 -0.3003 -0.4063 NA 1951 0.08 0.0182 -0.1045 NA 1952 0.01 0.0912 0.0407 NA 1953 0.35 0.2189 0.1574 NA 1954 -0.41 -0.318 -0.3994 NA 1955 -1.03 -0.34 -0.4863 NA 1956 -0.84 -0.2764 -0.4341 NA 1957 0.42 0.2701 0.1832 NA 1958 0.59 0.2747 0.2612 NA 1959 0.11 0.0409 0.0644 NA 1960 0.01 -0.4566 -0.3972 NA 1961 -0.06 -0.2259 -0.211 NA 1962 -0.22 -0.3221 -0.3041 NA 1963 0.33 0.1752 0.1214 NA 1964 -0.27 0.2138 0.212 NA 1965 0.49 0.6084 0.6124 NA 1966 0.47 0.68 0.6882 NA 1967 -0.28 -0.1343 -0.0744 NA 1968 -0.02 -0.2779 -0.2861 NA 1969 0.66 0.1751 0.226 NA 1970 -0.12 -0.4165 -0.3604 NA 1971 -0.86 -0.9007 -0.8733 NA 1972 0.61 0.1927 0.1196 NA 1973 -0.19 -0.1068 -0.2058 NA 1974 -0.96 -0.6625 -0.6795 NA 1975 -0.89 -0.7505 -0.7806 NA 1976 -0.18 -5.98E-03 -0.0726 NA 1977 0.56 0.0948 -4.55E-03 NA 1978 0 1.01E-03 0.1024 NA 1979 0.23 -0.0642 -0.0824 NA 1980 0.26 0.0569 0.0438 NA 1981 -0.07 -0.2723 -0.2477 NA 1982 0.83 0.4132 0.4484 NA 1983 0.83 0.5636 0.7249 NA 1984 -0.57 -0.2459 -0.1381 NA 1985 -0.71 -0.4224 -0.3444 NA 1986 0.06 -0.0769 -0.0826 NA 1987 1.32 0.6185 0.652 NA 1988 -0.67 -0.4504 -0.6205 NA 1989 -0.84 -0.9534 -1.0921 NA 1990 0.23 -0.0935 -0.1691 NA 1991 0.58 0.0267 0.0794 NA 1992 0.85 0.2828 0.2742 NA 1993 0.52 0.2339 0.2148 NA 1994 0.39 0.3296 0.2632 NA 1995 0.23 -0.266 -0.1169 NA 1996 -0.3 -0.4032 -0.4472 NA 1997 1.07 0.5962 0.4991 NA 1998 0.5 0.4536 0.3861 NA 1999 -0.99 NA NA NA 2000 -0.83 NA NA NA 2001 -0.28 NA NA NA 2002 0.52 NA NA NA 2003 0.42 NA NA NA 2004 0.43 NA NA NA 2005 0.25 NA NA NA 2006 0.03 NA NA NA 2007 -0.24 NA NA NA