# Diaz et al. 2002 Chihuahua Winter-Spring Precipitation Reconstruction 1647-1992 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6309 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-6309.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/p2xs-dy58 # # Science_Keywords: Precipitation Reconstruction #------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/mexico/chihuahua_precip-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Winter-Spring Precipitation Reconstruction Data # #------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2003-08-01 #------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2025-06-12 #------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Diaz et al. 2002 Chihuahua Winter-Spring Precipitation Reconstruction 1647-1992 #------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Diaz Castro, S.; Therrell, M.D.; Stahle, D.W.; Cleaveland, M.K. #------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Reconstruction from first principal component of six residual (autoregressive # persistence removed, i.e., whitened) earlywood Douglas-fir chronologies (Note: These data are available from the International Tree ring Data Bank): GUA(31.89N, 104.85W, 2350m) Guadalupe Mtns Nat. Park, TX; BSC (29.25N, 103.29W, 2060m) Big Bend Nat. Park, TX; TIN (30.40N, 108.41W, 2070m) Las Tinajas, Chihuahua, Mexico; TAB (28.34N, 108.00W, 2250m) El Tabacote, Chihuahua, Mexico; CIA (27.70N, 107.60W, 2200m) Creel, Chihuahua, Mexico; BLA (26.40N, 106.08W, 3170m) Cerro Baraja + L.A.Sawmill, Durango, Mexico. Instrumental data from: "'gu23wld0098.dat' (Version 1.0) constructed and supplied by Dr. Mike Hulme at the Climatic Res. Unit, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. This work has been supported by the UK Dept. of Environment, Transport and the Regions Contract EPG 1/1/85)." The four Hulme gridpoint used are: Gridpt 4436: 27.50N, 108.75W; Gridpt 4437: 27.50N, 105.00W; Gridpt 4532: 30.00N, 108.75W; Gridpt 4533: 30.00N, 105.00W. #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Diaz, S.C., M.D. Therrell, D.W. Stahle, and M.K. Cleaveland # Journal_Name: Climate Research # Published_Title: Chihuahua (Mexico) winter-spring precipitation reconstructed from tree-rings # Published_Date_or_Year: 2002-11-04 # Volume: 22 # Issue: # Pages: 237-244 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.3354/cr022237 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The state of Chihuahua lies in an arid to semiarid zone in the NW central plain of Mexico. Its agricultural economy is highly vulnerable to frequent droughts. In this study, we reconstruct winter-spring precipitation from 1647-1992 using 6 earlywood width chronologies of Douglas fir from around Chihuahua. The tree-ring data explain 56% of the winter-spring precipitation variance in a linear regression for 1949-1992, and there is strong correlation between the tree-ring reconstructed precipitation data and the observed precipitation data not used for calibration (r = 0.74, p < 0.01). The 5 driest years in the reconstructed precipitation record were 1974, 1954, 1742, 1980, and 1820 in order of severity, and the longest dry period in the 346 yr record lasted about 17 yr (1948-1964) during the severe 1950s drought that also affected the SW United States. The reconstructed precipitation record has a statistically significant 4 yr spectral peak in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) frequency band and is significantly correlated with indices of ENSO (tropical rainfall index; r = 0.58, p = 0.001). The correlation between the ENSO and Chihuahuan reconstructed precipitation varied in strength when computed for non-overlapping 18 yr sub-periods (ranging from r = 0.43 to r = 0.68), which may reflect changes in the ENSO teleconnection to climate in northern Mexico. #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hulme, M., T.J. Osborn, and T.C. Johns # Journal_Name: Geophysical Res. Letters # Published_Title: Precipitation sensitivity to global warming: Comparison of observations with HadCM2 simulations # Published_Date_or_Year: 1998-09-01 # Volume: 25 # Issue: 10 # Pages: 3379-3382 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1029/98GL02562 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Recent century-long experiments performed with global climate models have simulated observed trends in global-mean temperature quite successfully when both greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing has been included. The performance of these same experiments in simulating observed global-scale changes in precipitation has not previously been examined. Here we use a gridded terrestrial precipitation dataset for the period 1900 to 1996 to examine the extent to which observed global and zonal-mean precipitation sensitivities to global warming have been captured by a series of model simulations recently completed by the UK Hadley Centre. There are signs that the model has been able to reproduce at least some of the observed zonal-mean variations in the precipitation sensitivity to warming. Questions remain both about the quality of the observed precipitation data and about the spatial scale at which anthropogenically-forced global climate models can be expected to reproduce observed variations in precipitation. #------------------- # Publication # Authors: Hulme, M. # Journal_Name: Climate Dynamics # Published_Title: 1951-80 global land precipitation climatology for the evaluation of General Circulation Models # Published_Date_or_Year: 1992-03-01 # Volume: 7 # Issue: # Pages: 57-72 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1007/BF00209609 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Previous evaluations of model precipitation fields have suffered from two weaknesses; they have used only mean observed climatologies which have prevented an explicit evaluation of interannual variability, and they have generally failed to quantify the significance of differences between model and observed fields. To rectify these weaknesses, a global precipitation climatology is required which is designed with model evaluation in mind. This paper describes such a climatology representative of the period 1951–80. The climatology is based on historical gauge-precipitation measurements from over 2500 land-based station time series representing over 28% of the Earth's surface. It is necessarily biased towards terrestrial areas. The climatology (CRU5180) is derived from month-by-month gridbox precipitation estimates at 5° resolution. Although other global precipitation climatologies exist, this is the first one to have used a consistent reference period for each station, and to include the details of interannual variability. Fields of mean seasonal and annual precipitation and mean temporal variability are presented, and the variability of global-mean precipitation over 1951–80 assessed. The resulting mean monthly global precipitation fields are compared briefly with two other observed climatologies used for model evaluation, those prepared by Jaeger and Legates and Willmott. The global and hemispheric means, mean seasonal cycles, and spatial patterns of the three cimatologies are compared. Although based on a smaller set of stations than Legates and Willmott, the CRU5180 precipitation estimates agree closely with their uncorrected climatology. #------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant_Number: ATM-9986074 #------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Chihuahua # Location: Chihuahua # Northernmost_Latitude: 30 # Southernmost_Latitude: 23 # Easternmost_Longitude: -102 # Westernmost_Longitude: -108 # Elevation_m: #------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: precip_diaz2002 # First_Year: 1647 # Last_Year: 1998 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: reconstructions # Notes: #------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/skos/past-thesaurus.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: shortname what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method, C(har) or N(umeric) data,additional information # ## age age,,,year Common Era,,climate reconstructions;instrumental;tree ring,,,N, ## precip1 precipitation,ring width,,millimeter,Nov-Apr,climate reconstructions;tree ring,,regression analysis,N,calibration data set: Hulme et al. 1992; principal components regression ## precip2 precipitation,,,millimeter,Nov-Apr,instrumental,,,N,data set: Hulme et al. 1992; Mean of Hulme gridpts summed Nov-Apr ## precip3 precipitation,,,millimeter,Nov-Apr,instrumental,,,N,data set: Hulme et al. 1992; Mean of Gridpt 4436: 27.50N; 108.75W ## precip4 precipitation,,,millimeter,Nov-Apr,instrumental,,,N,data set: Hulme et al. 1992; Mean of Gridpt 4437: 27.50N; 105.00W ## precip5 precipitation,,,millimeter,Nov-Apr,instrumental,,,N,data set: Hulme et al. 1992; Mean of Gridpt 4532: 30.00N; 108.75W ## precip6 precipitation,,,millimeter,Nov-Apr,instrumental,,,N,data set: Hulme et al. 1992; Gridpt 4533: 30.00N; 105.00W #------------------------------- # Data: # Missing_Values: NA age precip1 precip2 precip3 precip4 precip5 precip6 1647 82.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1648 27.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1649 119.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1650 124.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1651 163.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1652 65.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1653 35.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1654 66.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1655 109.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1656 123.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1657 49.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1658 112.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1659 95.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1660 139.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1661 115.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1662 69.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1663 72.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1664 97.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1665 114.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1666 69.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1667 68.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1668 61.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1669 74.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1670 53.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1671 128.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1672 75.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1673 55.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1674 99.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1675 61.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1676 48.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1677 118.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1678 72.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1679 101.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1680 141.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1681 111.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1682 119.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1683 95.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1684 68.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1685 28.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1686 131.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1687 113.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1688 42.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1689 117.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1690 127.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1691 62.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1692 131.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1693 99.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1694 104.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1695 111.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1696 27.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1697 115.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1698 82.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1699 116.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1700 92.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1701 102.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1702 83.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1703 84.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1704 53.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1705 53.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1706 99.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1707 78.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1708 97.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1709 30.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1710 113.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1711 84.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1712 115.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1713 101.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1714 105.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1715 62.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1716 60.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1717 67.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1718 148.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1719 98.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1720 98.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1721 150.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1722 114.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1723 101.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1724 42.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1725 33.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1726 166.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1727 145.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1728 54.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1729 82.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1730 31.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1731 81.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1732 62.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1733 29.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1734 99.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1735 93.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1736 113.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1737 157.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1738 120.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1739 71.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1740 98.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1741 102.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1742 18.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1743 82.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1744 119.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1745 126.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1746 183.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1747 167.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1748 52.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1749 141.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1750 85.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1751 131.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1752 36.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1753 47.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1754 64.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1755 67.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1756 117.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1757 36.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1758 94.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1759 128.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1760 87.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1761 70.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1762 105.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1763 43.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1764 107.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1765 89.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1766 101.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1767 62.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1768 100.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1769 150.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1770 127.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1771 111.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1772 55.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1773 45.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1774 76.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1775 80.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1776 99.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1777 102.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1778 49.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1779 103.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1780 88.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1781 70.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1782 68.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1783 144.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1784 144.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1785 26.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1786 64.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1787 93.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1788 97.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1789 38.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1790 39.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1791 152.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1792 138.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1793 137.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1794 96.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1795 146.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1796 107.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1797 69.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1798 48.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1799 126.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1800 108.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1801 41.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1802 90.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1803 73.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1804 116.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1805 40.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1806 70.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1807 95.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1808 26.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1809 106.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1810 103.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1811 74.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1812 91.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1813 85.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1814 119.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1815 149.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1816 189.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1817 109.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1818 65.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1819 32.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1820 19.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1821 140.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1822 91.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1823 94.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1824 130.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1825 97.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1826 88.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1827 151.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1828 103.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1829 113.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1830 68.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1831 69.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1832 59.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1833 167.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1834 110.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1835 69.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1836 91.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1837 142.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1838 83.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1839 139.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1840 61.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1841 85.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1842 74.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1843 105.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1844 123.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1845 90.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1846 117.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1847 24.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1848 112.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1849 116.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1850 104.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1851 82.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1852 134.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1853 103.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1854 53.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1855 74.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1856 132.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1857 75.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1858 125.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1859 56.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1860 62.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1861 86.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1862 36.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1863 53.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1864 59.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1865 102.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1866 63.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1867 86.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1868 109.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1869 136.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1870 77.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1871 53.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1872 72.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1873 116.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1874 76.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1875 71.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1876 91.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1877 110.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1878 48.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1879 74.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1880 40.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1881 120.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1882 134.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1883 87.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1884 107.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1885 120.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1886 58.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1887 27.2 NA NA NA NA NA 1888 168.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1889 130.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1890 39.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1891 125.5 NA NA NA NA NA 1892 48.0 NA NA NA NA NA 1893 42.7 NA NA NA NA NA 1894 55.8 NA NA NA NA NA 1895 93.6 NA NA NA NA NA 1896 118.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1897 104.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1898 81.1 NA NA NA NA NA 1899 66.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1900 93.3 NA NA NA NA NA 1901 110.7 75.4 74.1 94.4 99.0 34.0 1902 37.0 54.9 61.0 49.8 76.1 32.8 1903 153.5 100.0 119.4 96.0 138.0 46.7 1904 24.9 38.8 45.2 21.1 63.1 25.9 1905 181.5 171.4 247.7 152.1 213.0 72.6 1906 142.9 180.9 222.7 147.8 251.2 101.8 1907 75.9 114.1 158.5 92.9 161.6 43.2 1908 140.8 116.2 145.6 97.1 151.2 70.7 1909 43.1 58.2 92.1 40.3 77.7 22.8 1910 38.9 40.8 53.2 39.1 55.4 15.5 1911 77.4 102.1 127.6 98.4 134.3 48.0 1912 111.2 90.0 127.7 49.1 137.0 46.0 1913 130.9 119.6 150.6 108.8 161.8 57.2 1914 85.7 106.9 150.3 60.3 166.6 50.5 1915 143.1 213.9 288.0 151.5 320.8 95.3 1916 52.2 127.7 181.5 54.3 216.6 58.3 1917 90.7 57.4 82.4 26.6 96.8 23.7 1918 74.1 57.6 80.7 33.5 91.9 24.1 1919 135.8 121.1 134.7 138.0 141.3 70.2 1920 149.5 129.4 177.7 86.7 188.1 64.9 1921 52.5 24.2 27.5 38.9 22.1 8.1 1922 56.6 45.4 59.5 51.7 54.0 16.4 1923 115.0 77.4 79.6 106.7 88.2 35.1 1924 147.2 167.3 198.6 124.1 241.5 104.9 1925 21.9 34.2 34.1 33.7 44.8 24.3 1926 178.4 129.9 145.7 88.4 195.8 89.8 1927 110.8 78.2 83.2 72.3 121.4 36.0 1928 116.9 104.2 129.8 47.7 189.8 49.5 1929 83.6 44.6 58.5 60.2 39.7 19.8 1930 126.0 65.1 87.2 47.3 91.8 34.1 1931 146.1 210.5 251.8 162.4 295.8 131.8 1932 82.7 95.7 119.3 121.6 104.7 37.0 1933 107.2 97.7 142.2 53.4 149.1 46.0 1934 26.9 38.8 52.6 30.5 46.9 25.1 1935 53.5 70.6 103.7 44.6 98.9 35.2 1936 93.3 81.0 113.8 62.8 115.9 31.4 1937 86.1 71.3 109.6 46.5 95.9 33.1 1938 73.7 78.4 81.6 90.6 89.0 52.4 1939 49.0 46.4 55.6 63.6 37.8 28.6 1940 131.3 113.8 141.0 78.3 165.1 70.9 1941 129.5 144.4 161.7 166.8 176.3 72.7 1942 125.6 70.1 94.4 59.4 90.3 36.4 1943 59.4 54.6 72.6 38.3 92.6 15.0 1944 137.2 125.6 139.7 120.1 204.9 37.6 1945 64.0 62.8 56.6 87.3 77.9 29.3 1946 48.8 51.5 53.4 58.3 52.8 41.6 1947 135.3 65.3 71.7 81.0 72.4 36.0 1948 93.3 78.1 90.9 48.9 133.3 39.2 1949 101.0 168.5 178.8 124.0 330.1 40.9 1950 71.6 56.4 59.7 44.6 99.1 22.2 1951 48.5 34.1 50.7 35.6 39.1 11.1 1952 112.9 72.1 123.9 39.1 97.5 27.7 1953 40.3 73.7 124.0 41.0 95.7 34.1 1954 15.1 50.7 52.3 48.4 70.6 31.4 1955 75.1 58.9 59.7 46.1 120.8 8.9 1956 53.7 34.4 23.0 58.8 41.0 14.6 1957 52.9 71.3 118.9 60.3 84.1 21.9 1958 128.7 107.4 125.3 124.9 151.7 27.6 1959 84.9 66.6 71.0 37.1 107.8 50.4 1960 92.4 122.7 130.5 74.0 242.1 44.1 1961 76.2 105.1 90.0 105.1 157.0 68.3 1962 96.1 74.4 119.9 71.0 99.8 6.7 1963 60.0 52.8 53.0 52.6 92.0 13.7 1964 108.8 63.4 86.0 51.6 103.5 12.4 1965 79.7 59.6 69.3 34.2 91.6 43.1 1966 108.2 114.2 168.1 74.2 158.2 56.3 1967 62.7 26.6 12.4 37.6 20.7 35.6 1968 179.7 202.8 335.0 81.0 289.6 105.7 1969 69.7 72.5 80.2 81.9 100.6 27.1 1970 88.4 103.6 137.1 102.9 110.8 63.5 1971 46.9 17.2 36.1 6.2 19.9 6.4 1972 95.1 34.0 50.2 20.6 46.7 18.5 1973 162.8 139.7 197.0 96.7 176.8 88.4 1974 12.4 29.2 41.4 37.6 31.1 6.8 1975 133.4 94.2 124.3 75.7 123.5 53.3 1976 92.5 43.6 77.3 47.3 39.5 10.4 1977 94.8 69.1 83.6 76.9 70.1 45.7 1978 74.0 76.2 139.7 69.6 85.6 9.8 1979 170.5 126.0 183.3 85.4 209.4 25.9 1980 19.6 31.3 42.6 45.6 29.8 7.2 1981 143.1 171.6 186.9 155.7 248.7 94.9 1982 61.5 33.9 51.0 30.0 34.2 20.3 1983 113.2 209.0 280.5 111.1 364.7 79.8 1984 90.0 89.7 112.4 42.4 130.5 73.4 1985 140.5 194.2 258.0 147.4 272.4 99.0 1986 49.9 66.7 111.9 29.1 86.5 39.3 1987 145.9 117.9 124.5 184.3 87.0 75.7 1988 75.0 50.8 80.2 27.0 75.1 20.8 1989 43.7 93.9 105.2 71.7 143.5 55.0 1990 81.9 84.4 114.5 66.0 123.4 33.7 1991 113.4 111.5 150.6 89.7 157.2 48.3 1992 170.2 261.8 337.9 174.1 404.5 130.6 1993 NA 160.1 228.0 83.9 261.2 67.1 1994 NA 63.2 81.3 59.6 75.7 36.2 1995 NA 99.3 145.7 72.8 137.1 41.4 1996 NA 52.6 62.4 45.7 68.4 34.0 1997 NA 71.2 84.1 94.9 69.8 35.9 1998 NA 59.9 82.0 76.1 44.0 37.4