# Briffa et al. 1998 Northern Hemisphere Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 4.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, NOAA Landing Page URL, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, study title, NOAA Landing Page URL, and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # NOAA_Landing_Page: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6224 # Landing_Page_Description: NOAA Landing Page of this file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Study_Level_JSON_Metadata: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/json/noaa-recon-6224.json # Study_Level_JSON_Description: JSON metadata of this data file's parent study, which includes all study metadata. # # Data_Type: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset_DOI: 10.25921/6s2h-ad16 # # Science_Keywords: Air Temperature Reconstruction #-------------------- # Resource_Links # # Data_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/n_hem_temp/briffa98_volcanic_data-noaa.txt # Data_Download_Description: NOAA Template File; Volcanic Eruption Data # #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 1998-06-04 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2022-07-18 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Briffa et al. 1998 Northern Hemisphere Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Briffa, K.R.; Jones, P.D.; Schweingruber, F.H.; Osborn, T.J. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: The data consists of two timeseries representative of Northern Hemisphere growing season temperatures for the period 1400-1994, derived from means of 383 maximum latewood density chronologies from the northern Boreal forest. Both series are given in dimensionless standardised anomalies, and one has also been rescaled to give an estimate of Northern Hemisphere land and marine temperature anomalies. Updated 7/2003 (Addition of tables 1 & 2, volcanic eruptions data) #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Briffa K.R., P.D. Jones, F.H. Schweingruber and T.J. Osborn # Published_Date_or_Year: 1998-06-04 # Published_Title: Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the past 600 years # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 393 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 450-455 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/30943 # Publication_Place: # Publisher: # ISBN: # Online_Resource: # Other_Reference_Details: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: A network of temperature-sensitive tree-ring-density chronologies provides circum-hemisphere information on year-by-year changes in summer warmth in different regions of the northern boreal forest. Combining these data into a single time-series provides a good summer-temperature proxy for northern high latitudes and the Northern Hemisphere as a whole. Here we use this well dated, high-resolution composite time-series to suggest that large explosive volcanic eruptions produced different extents of Northern Hemisphere cooling during the past 600 years. The large effect of some recent eruptions is apparent, such as in 1816, 1884 and 1912, but the relative effects of other known, and perhaps some previously unknown, pre-nineteenth-century eruptions are also evaluated. The most severe short-term Northern Hemisphere cooling event of the past 600 years occurred in 1601, suggesting that either the effect on climate of the eruption of Huaynaputina, Peru, in 1600 has previously been greatly underestimated, or another, as yet unidentified, eruption occurred at the same time. Other strong cooling events occurred in 1453, seemingly confirming a 1452 date for the eruption of Kuwae, southwest Pacific, and in 1641/42, 1666, 1695 and 1698. #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation, Switzerland # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Community # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Department of Energy, United States # Grant: #-------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom # Grant: #-------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Global # Location: Global # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: -90 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation_m: #-------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: volcanic - briffa1998 # Earliest_Year: 1450 # Most_Recent_Year: 1991 # Time_Unit: CE # Core_Length_m: # Parameter_Keywords: volcanic # Notes: see also Simkin, T., and L. Siebert, Volcanoes of the World: A Regional Directory, Gazetteer, and Chronology of Volcanism During the Last 10,000 Years, 2nd ed., 349 pp., Geoscience Press, Tucson, Ariz., 1994. #-------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #-------------------- # Variables # # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Resource: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/PaST-thesaurus/SKOS/past-thesaurus-v1.0.rdf # PaST_Thesaurus_Download_Description: Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus terms, definitions, and relationships in SKOS format. # # Variables format: Short_name what,material,error,units,seasonality,data_type,detail,method,data_format,additional_information # ## age_CE age,,,year Common Era,,climate forcing,,,N, ## notes_age notes,,,,,climate forcing,,,C,C refers to an uncorrected radiocarbon-based estimate;D indicates a dendrochronological date ## season notes,,,,,climate forcing,,,C,Where known season of eruption is indicated as follows: 1=Dec-Feb; 2=Mar-May; 3=Jun-Aug; 4=Sep-Nov ## volcano notes,,,,,climate forcing,,,C,name of volcano and region ## lat latitude,,,degree North,,climate forcing,,,N, ## lon longitude,,,degree East,,climate forcing,,,N, ## VEI volcanic forcing,,,dimensionless,,climate forcing,,,N,Volcanic explosive index as listed in Simkin & Siebert 1994. The scale is logarithmic. In Simkin & Siebert 1994 (?) indicates a problematic assignment while a (+) indicates an eruption in the upper third of the range for that designation. ## notes notes,,,,,climate forcing,,,N, # #-------------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: age_CE notes_age season volcano lat lon VEI notes 1450 C Aniakchak, Alaska 5.7 -158.1 5(?) 1452 Kuwae, Vanuatu, SW Pacific -16.8 168.5 6 1471 3yr Sakura-Jima, Japan 31.6 130.7 5(?) 1477 1 Bardarbunga (Veidivotn), Iceland 64.6 -17.5 5(?) 1480 D St Helens, Washington, US 46.2 -122.2 5(+) 1482 D St Helens, Washington, US 46.2 -122.2 5 1580 C Billy Mitchell, Bougainville, SW Pacific -6.1 155.2 6 1586 Kelut, Java -7.9 112.3 5(?) 1593 Raung, Java -8.1 114 5(?) 1600 1 Huaynaputina, Peru -16.6 -70.9 6(?) 1640 3 Komaga-Take, Japan 42.1 140.7 5 1641 1 Parker, Philippines 6.1 124.9 6 This eruption is apparently wrongly attributed in Simkin & Siebert 1994 to Awu (Indonesia) as the result of an incorrect second-hand report in 1860 and is here given a larger VEI (C. Newhall, personal communication). 1660 C Long Island, New Guinea 5.4 147.1 6 1663 3 Usu, Japan 42.5 140.8 5 1667 4 Shikotsu (Tarumai), Japan 42.7 141.3 5 1673 2 Gamkonora, Halmahera 1.4 127.5 5(?) 1680 Tongkoko, Sulawesi 1.5 125.2 5(?) 1707 1 Fuji, Japan 35.4 138.7 5 1739 3 Shikotsu (Tarumai), Japan 42.7 141.3 5 1800 D 1 St Helens, Washington, US 46.2 -122.2 5 1815 2 Tambora, Lesser Sunda Is -8.3 118 7 1835 1 Cosiguina, Nicaragua 13 -87.6 5 1853 1 Chikurachki, Kurile Is 50.2 155 5(?) 1854 1 Sheveluch, Kamchatka 56.7 161.4 5 1883 3 Krakatau, west of Java -6.1 105.4 6 1886 3 Okataina (Tarawera), New Zealand -38.1 176.5 5 1902 4 Santa Maria, Guatemala 14.8 -91.6 6(?) 1907 2 Ksudach, Kamchatka 51.8 157.5 5 1912 1 Novarupta (Katmai), Alaska 58.3 -155.2 6 1932 2 Azul, Cerro (Quizapu), Chile -35.7 -70.8 5(+) 1956 2 Bezymianny, Kamchatka 56 160.6 5 1980 2 St Helens, Washington, US 46.2 -122.2 5 1982 2 El Chichon, Mexico 17.4 -93.2 5 1991 3 Pinatubo, Philippines 15.1 120.4 6