Extratropical Northern Hemisphere Tree Ring Temperature Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Extratropical Northern Hemisphere Tree Ring Temperature Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 9/2007 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Rob Wilson, University of Edinburgh IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-082 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Wilson, R., et al. 2007. Extratropical Northern Hemisphere Tree Ring Temperature Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2007-082. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Wilson, R., R. D’Arrigo, B. Buckley, U. Büntgen, J. Esper, D. Frank, B. Luckman, S. Payette, R. Vose, and D. Youngblut. 2007. A matter of divergence: Tracking recent warming at hemispheric scales using tree ring data. J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 112, D17103, doi:10.1029/2006JD008318. ABSTRACT: No current tree ring (TR) based reconstruction of extratropical Northern Hemisphere (ENH) temperatures that extends into the 1990s captures the full range of late 20th century warming observed in the instrumental record. Over recent decades, a divergence between cooler reconstructed and warmer instrumental large-scale temperatures is observed. We hypothesize that this problem is partly related to the fact that some of the constituent chronologies used for previous reconstructions show divergence against local temperatures in the recent period. In this study, we compiled TR data and published local/regional reconstructions that show no divergence against local temperatures. These data have not been included in other large-scale temperature reconstructions. Utilizing this data set, we developed a new, completely independent reconstruction of ENH annual temperatures (1750–2000). This record is not meant to replace existing reconstructions but allows some degree of independent validation of these earlier studies as well as demonstrating that TR data can better model recent warming at large scales when careful selection of constituent chronologies is made at the local scale. Although the new series tracks the increase in ENH annual temperatures over the last few decades better than any existing reconstruction, it still slightly under predicts values in the post-1988 period. We finally discuss possible reasons why it is so difficult to model post-mid-1980s warming, provide some possible alternative approaches with regards to the instrumental target and detail several recommendations that should be followed in future large-scale reconstruction attempts that may result in more robust temperature estimates. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Northern Hemisphere extratropics PERIOD OF RECORD: 1750–2000 AD FUNDING SOURCES: R.W., U.B. and J.E. are funded by the European Community under research contract 017008-2 MILLENNIUM. R.D. and B.B. were funded by NOAA and by the National Science Foundation’s Earth System History and Paleoclimatology programs. D.F. is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (NCCR-Climate). The Canadian studies were funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (B.L., D.Y. and S.P.) and Meteorological Service of Canada and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (B.L. and D.Y.). DESCRIPTION: Northern Hemisphere extratropical tree-ring based temperature reconstruction, based on 15 individual site/regional tree ring chronologies. Chronology data have been normalised to the 1750-1988 period, and are expressed as z-scores (standard deviations). Northern Hemisphere series is also expressed in standard deviations rather than temperature anomalies. DATA: 1. Individual site/regional tree ring chronologies (z-scores) Column 1: TAT Tatra Mountains Column 2: ALP European Alps Column 3: SCA Northern Scandinavia Column 4: WSI Western Siberia Column 5: MON Mongolia Column 6: KYR Kyrgyzstan Column 7: TSH Tien Shan Column 8: NEP Nepal Column 9: NQU Northern Quebec Column 10: YUS Southern Yukon Column 11: MBC British Columbia Column 12: WRA Wrangell Mountains Column 13: COL Colorado Column 14: IDA Idaho Column 15: YUN Northern Yukon Year TAT ALP SCA WSI MON KYR TSH NEP NQU YUS MBC WRA COL IDA YUN 1750 1.36 -0.80 0.75 0.88 -2.37 -0.83 -0.94 -0.51 -0.36 1.60 1.15 1.13 -0.10 -1.18 -0.05 1751 0.74 -0.19 0.05 0.37 -1.10 -0.03 -0.29 -0.10 -0.68 -0.23 0.03 -1.91 -0.82 0.93 -0.77 1752 0.14 -0.61 1.33 0.60 0.30 0.21 -0.29 -0.20 0.62 0.35 -0.72 -0.85 -0.73 0.40 0.21 1753 -0.23 -0.92 1.18 0.95 0.57 -1.11 -0.88 1.18 -0.96 0.19 1.01 0.17 0.48 -0.12 1.18 1754 1.52 -0.28 1.64 -0.14 -0.92 -1.01 -1.31 1.20 0.37 0.30 0.83 0.18 0.36 0.05 0.77 1755 0.16 -0.63 2.42 -0.66 0.53 -2.70 -1.05 1.09 0.39 -0.59 -0.11 0.43 1.28 -1.18 -1.35 1756 -1.32 -0.49 1.36 0.44 0.69 -0.46 -0.90 0.02 -1.61 1.15 0.67 1.00 2.11 2.16 0.88 1757 0.55 -0.08 1.57 0.81 0.52 -0.19 -1.24 -0.32 0.24 -2.62 1.65 -0.62 0.61 1.45 -0.48 1758 0.39 -1.18 1.54 0.62 -0.75 0.12 -1.61 -1.18 0.57 0.58 1.21 0.15 0.85 0.40 0.63 1759 -0.02 0.07 0.94 -0.57 1.13 0.72 -0.81 -1.28 -0.51 -1.04 0.50 0.15 1.23 0.75 1.10 1760 0.06 -0.34 1.22 -0.95 0.20 1.16 -1.14 -0.21 0.87 -0.54 -0.16 1.62 0.84 1.28 0.37 1761 0.16 -0.30 1.44 0.61 1.14 -1.23 -0.68 -0.30 -0.38 -0.60 0.83 -0.30 0.27 0.23 2.79 1762 -0.15 -0.06 1.62 0.83 0.14 0.98 -1.49 -0.64 0.38 -0.93 -2.05 -1.13 -0.14 0.23 0.70 1763 0.49 0.28 0.40 1.13 -0.39 0.97 -1.68 -0.11 -0.23 1.03 -0.04 -0.03 -1.00 1.28 1.11 1764 -1.01 0.33 -0.16 0.55 -0.21 0.99 -1.53 -0.22 0.17 -1.10 0.85 0.12 -0.25 0.40 0.48 1765 -0.43 0.13 0.57 1.50 1.03 1.80 -1.97 -0.59 -1.87 -0.01 -0.16 -0.76 -1.47 0.05 -0.69 1766 -0.49 0.55 1.04 -0.26 0.47 1.00 -0.97 0.86 -1.11 -0.33 0.17 -0.99 -0.73 0.75 0.79 1767 -0.60 0.03 -0.08 1.86 0.32 0.24 -1.62 0.87 -1.19 0.36 0.44 -1.51 -1.64 0.05 2.01 1768 0.77 -0.40 -0.62 -0.01 -0.15 1.57 -1.80 -0.64 -0.03 -0.59 1.65 -2.23 -1.26 -0.65 0.49 1769 0.35 -0.42 -1.56 0.15 0.32 0.40 -1.71 -1.45 0.26 0.60 1.17 -0.13 -1.76 0.58 0.59 1770 0.13 -0.29 -1.25 0.02 1.08 1.39 -0.54 -0.40 0.91 -0.47 0.64 -0.07 -1.29 -0.65 1.65 1771 -0.30 -0.70 -1.64 -0.24 0.07 0.21 -1.35 0.48 0.51 0.32 1.58 1.38 -0.66 -1.35 1.40 1772 0.16 0.00 -1.03 -1.21 -0.72 1.06 -0.73 0.80 -0.87 -0.95 0.71 -0.04 0.12 0.05 1.63 1773 -0.69 -0.29 -0.56 -2.24 0.87 0.49 -0.95 1.26 0.09 0.67 1.53 -1.28 0.22 0.40 0.55 1774 -0.04 0.32 0.79 -1.56 -0.18 1.54 -0.38 1.84 0.06 -0.71 0.90 -0.51 -0.58 1.10 1.50 1775 0.42 0.34 0.47 0.20 -0.48 2.24 -2.76 0.81 0.92 0.47 0.73 0.32 -0.17 -0.83 1.86 1776 -0.28 -0.34 -0.39 -0.95 -0.07 1.32 -1.18 0.72 -0.45 0.51 1.30 1.00 0.02 -0.48 1.85 1777 0.08 -0.42 0.40 -0.01 1.13 -0.53 -0.57 1.31 0.46 1.55 -0.75 0.82 0.67 1.45 1.03 1778 0.71 -0.02 0.51 -0.06 0.43 -0.12 -0.84 1.83 0.92 -0.05 0.25 -0.82 0.55 0.23 0.93 1779 -0.25 -0.47 -0.05 -0.22 0.68 -0.04 -0.21 2.38 0.43 1.08 0.09 0.67 0.99 -0.30 0.37 1780 -0.98 0.45 -0.09 -0.77 1.17 -0.28 -0.92 2.81 0.13 -0.26 0.05 -0.14 0.67 0.05 -0.41 1781 -0.32 0.81 -1.28 -0.53 1.60 0.16 -0.93 1.34 0.97 -0.05 0.76 -0.62 0.17 0.75 0.23 1782 -0.27 0.35 -1.03 1.09 1.17 0.33 -1.11 0.93 0.61 0.10 -0.34 0.39 0.77 1.10 -0.29 1783 0.49 -0.05 -1.12 -1.30 0.83 -2.94 -0.68 1.42 0.65 -0.52 0.42 -2.67 0.31 2.16 0.14 1784 1.39 0.01 -1.31 0.89 -1.05 -0.51 -1.46 1.53 -1.65 -0.61 -0.11 -0.14 0.44 0.93 0.02 1785 -1.01 -0.86 -0.23 0.76 -1.00 1.34 -0.82 1.57 -0.09 1.46 0.23 0.14 0.79 0.93 0.13 1786 -1.39 -0.66 -1.40 0.23 1.49 0.05 -0.34 1.17 -0.37 -0.27 0.41 -0.69 1.16 0.23 1.86 1787 -0.43 -0.31 -0.27 1.04 1.11 -0.15 0.11 1.33 0.05 1.56 -0.16 -0.03 2.75 -0.30 0.77 1788 -0.69 0.48 -0.27 -0.93 -1.85 -0.29 -0.62 1.40 0.12 -0.58 -0.57 0.03 1.81 0.58 0.14 1789 -0.39 -0.37 -0.12 -0.05 -1.48 1.55 -0.64 1.21 -1.65 -0.22 0.26 0.76 1.81 0.05 -0.38 1790 0.87 0.04 -1.09 -0.47 0.02 -0.35 -1.41 0.46 0.51 0.13 0.26 -0.55 1.28 -0.12 -0.55 1791 1.21 0.29 -0.86 0.38 0.43 -1.10 1.49 0.34 0.36 -1.41 1.14 -1.06 1.01 -1.35 -0.73 1792 0.99 -0.99 -0.55 -0.32 -0.65 1.29 1.10 -0.34 0.47 0.75 1.17 1.29 0.72 -1.71 -0.85 1793 0.69 -1.28 -0.45 1.26 -0.06 -0.43 0.23 0.46 0.51 -0.21 -0.02 0.34 0.84 0.23 -0.66 1794 1.30 -1.32 -0.58 1.71 0.58 0.48 0.24 0.08 0.18 -0.63 1.56 -0.19 0.14 0.75 -0.62 1795 0.20 -0.66 -0.66 0.03 -0.39 0.12 0.18 -0.56 1.25 0.70 -0.31 -1.23 0.50 2.16 -0.24 1796 -0.16 0.04 0.01 0.03 -0.29 0.36 0.37 -0.41 1.82 -0.27 2.15 -0.21 0.19 0.40 0.07 1797 1.18 0.14 0.22 -0.89 -2.07 1.24 0.60 -0.12 2.01 1.50 0.09 -0.03 0.89 -0.65 -0.77 1798 0.54 0.55 1.11 -1.04 0.07 0.65 0.09 0.39 0.68 0.61 1.58 -0.62 0.60 1.81 0.14 1799 0.12 -0.09 1.54 -0.37 0.01 0.26 0.51 -0.82 1.29 -0.67 0.35 0.29 0.26 0.23 -1.01 1800 -0.02 -0.03 -0.11 -0.72 -0.59 -0.04 0.74 0.28 -1.86 -0.50 1.12 -0.71 0.38 1.28 -0.78 1801 -0.40 -0.47 0.84 0.05 -0.19 0.26 0.29 0.00 -0.98 0.95 -2.00 0.24 0.65 -0.30 -0.71 1802 -0.02 -0.01 0.36 -0.10 -0.29 -0.98 -1.16 0.59 0.89 -0.42 0.30 -0.69 -0.03 -0.48 -0.87 1803 -0.83 -0.48 -0.85 0.88 0.77 -2.45 0.42 0.77 0.18 -0.87 1.56 -0.13 -0.37 -0.65 -1.53 1804 1.03 -0.48 0.50 0.90 0.52 -0.95 1.12 1.50 0.97 -0.31 1.01 0.38 -0.20 0.05 0.74 1805 -1.58 -0.93 0.62 1.28 0.01 0.22 0.56 1.76 0.38 -0.42 1.71 -1.23 0.19 -0.12 -0.02 1806 0.13 -0.40 -2.03 1.09 0.16 0.25 -0.76 1.21 0.75 0.78 -0.84 0.83 0.97 -1.35 0.45 1807 1.02 0.84 -0.68 -0.97 1.36 1.65 0.05 0.51 -0.53 -1.17 0.60 -2.50 0.68 0.93 0.39 1808 -0.13 0.03 -0.02 0.50 1.61 0.21 1.53 1.42 -0.27 0.44 1.35 -1.24 0.17 1.10 1.43 1809 1.21 -0.75 -0.39 -0.26 1.86 0.27 1.33 1.04 -0.51 0.65 -0.47 -3.06 -0.51 0.23 -0.19 1810 1.16 -1.63 -0.94 0.40 1.36 0.49 -0.10 0.85 0.37 -0.88 -0.43 -3.79 -1.57 -0.65 -0.27 1811 1.53 -0.90 -1.27 -0.03 1.82 -0.82 0.76 0.03 0.09 -0.08 0.00 -0.30 -1.38 0.23 -0.47 1812 -1.53 -2.21 -1.95 -1.57 -0.91 -1.56 0.18 0.14 -0.11 -1.59 0.90 -1.45 -0.94 -1.18 -0.76 1813 -0.75 -3.39 -1.87 -0.67 -1.97 -1.93 0.49 -0.11 -0.06 -0.23 -1.37 -0.88 -1.07 -0.12 0.09 1814 -1.28 -2.44 -0.95 0.02 -1.46 -0.64 0.34 -0.32 0.15 -1.76 -0.15 -1.75 -1.47 -0.12 -1.19 1815 -1.38 -3.11 -1.07 -0.45 -0.20 -0.93 -0.39 -1.97 0.44 -2.18 -0.64 -1.75 -1.43 0.05 -0.87 1816 -1.08 -3.83 -0.29 -0.13 -0.47 -1.83 -0.52 -2.54 -1.63 -0.60 0.32 0.32 -1.24 -0.12 -1.05 1817 -0.67 -2.16 -0.03 -0.20 -0.35 -1.98 -0.91 -3.60 -1.70 -1.91 0.99 -2.57 -1.94 -0.12 -1.75 1818 -0.70 -1.75 0.36 -0.45 -0.06 -1.04 -1.48 -3.97 -1.39 -0.71 -1.55 -1.14 -1.52 -0.83 -0.41 1819 -1.13 -2.39 0.60 -1.86 -0.99 -1.70 -1.20 -3.37 -1.03 -0.97 -1.32 -1.71 -1.38 -0.83 -0.88 1820 -0.17 -2.77 -0.15 -1.73 -0.30 -0.68 -0.11 -3.35 -1.45 -0.70 -0.31 0.18 -1.21 -0.65 -0.88 1821 -0.25 -3.26 -1.17 0.41 -0.30 0.38 -0.29 -2.30 -1.21 -0.82 -0.15 0.56 -0.99 -1.35 -0.95 1822 0.47 -1.03 -1.29 0.38 -0.95 0.14 -0.71 -1.23 -0.31 -1.59 0.76 -0.06 -0.25 0.58 -1.03 1823 0.16 -0.74 0.69 0.11 0.01 -0.77 -1.21 0.01 -1.20 -0.96 0.96 0.24 -0.36 0.05 -0.99 1824 0.61 -0.67 0.77 -1.05 -0.92 0.21 -0.17 0.18 -0.72 -1.10 -0.31 1.11 -0.66 -0.12 -1.31 1825 -0.36 -0.48 -0.63 -2.70 -0.66 -0.97 -0.71 0.24 -1.24 -0.55 0.42 1.11 -0.66 -1.00 -1.17 1826 0.59 -0.24 2.10 -1.61 -0.92 0.33 -1.18 -0.01 0.02 -1.16 0.05 0.31 0.38 -1.00 -1.14 1827 1.06 -0.19 1.97 0.98 0.38 0.08 -1.04 0.71 -1.16 -1.41 0.09 -0.16 -0.02 -1.18 -1.27 1828 -0.65 -0.71 1.41 0.18 0.42 0.58 -0.48 0.72 -1.05 -0.75 0.98 -0.11 -0.48 -2.23 -0.13 1829 0.16 -2.19 2.04 0.34 0.50 2.94 -0.26 0.26 -1.34 -0.38 1.08 -0.19 -0.90 -1.35 -0.67 1830 1.51 -1.34 0.96 -1.76 0.26 0.93 0.76 0.42 0.18 -0.54 0.19 -0.99 -0.24 -1.18 -1.24 1831 -0.14 -1.04 1.92 -0.38 -0.20 0.39 -0.65 0.32 -1.14 -1.44 1.31 -3.22 -0.70 -1.00 -1.35 1832 -0.90 -0.78 1.28 -0.61 -0.66 -0.69 -0.37 -0.06 -0.93 0.04 -0.27 -1.38 -0.19 -1.53 -1.67 1833 -2.09 -0.96 0.35 -2.22 -0.44 -0.14 -1.83 0.82 0.33 0.06 -1.37 0.10 -0.15 -0.83 -1.19 1834 0.75 0.74 -0.10 -0.49 -1.96 1.47 -1.08 1.93 0.32 -0.11 0.37 -2.99 -0.14 0.93 -1.08 1835 -1.77 -0.44 -1.74 0.35 -1.52 0.27 -1.15 1.17 -1.47 -0.77 -0.38 -1.40 -0.95 -0.65 -1.39 1836 0.31 -0.86 -0.70 0.29 -1.01 0.50 -0.43 0.24 -2.53 0.36 -0.23 0.43 -0.20 -1.35 -1.68 1837 -0.93 -1.01 -2.96 -1.33 -0.49 -0.75 -0.78 0.27 -2.18 -0.75 -1.46 -0.37 -0.56 -1.35 -1.01 1838 -1.57 -1.81 -1.30 0.37 -0.40 0.22 -0.85 -0.17 -0.83 0.61 -1.32 1.06 -1.43 -2.41 -0.66 1839 -0.02 -0.50 -1.74 -0.76 -0.64 -1.67 -1.66 -0.45 -0.66 0.46 1.69 0.05 -2.45 -2.23 -1.10 1840 -1.34 -0.51 -0.92 0.10 -1.43 0.25 -1.06 -0.39 -1.55 -0.34 0.94 0.72 -1.96 -0.65 -0.33 1841 1.68 -0.27 -0.79 -0.24 -0.84 -2.80 -1.21 -0.21 -0.87 0.93 0.32 -0.13 -1.87 -0.65 -0.98 1842 0.69 0.96 -0.79 0.27 -1.60 0.46 -1.39 -0.27 -1.14 1.23 0.48 -1.30 -1.11 0.05 -1.16 1843 -0.41 -0.56 -0.31 -1.24 -2.29 1.19 -1.49 -0.72 -0.97 -0.54 0.67 -0.38 -1.82 0.23 -1.46 1844 -1.03 -0.02 0.30 -0.16 -0.73 0.04 -2.33 -1.39 -1.09 2.68 -0.93 0.51 -1.58 -1.53 -0.73 1845 -0.93 -0.38 0.30 -0.08 -0.51 -0.15 -1.09 -0.19 -1.12 0.00 -1.16 0.17 -1.06 -0.48 -1.23 1846 0.58 1.15 -0.39 -0.30 -0.02 -0.69 -0.95 1.04 -1.03 -0.21 -0.02 0.34 -0.77 0.05 -0.94 1847 -0.25 -0.05 -0.14 -1.50 -1.04 -0.88 -0.99 0.17 -0.91 -1.12 0.42 0.34 0.22 -0.12 -0.90 1848 1.26 0.33 -0.90 0.63 -0.85 -0.57 -1.43 0.29 -0.57 1.89 -0.23 1.03 -0.19 0.40 0.25 1849 -1.18 0.54 -0.16 -0.26 -0.36 -0.70 -0.69 0.06 -0.88 -0.24 -0.77 -0.76 -1.11 0.05 -0.91 1850 1.39 -0.59 -0.98 -0.45 -0.86 -0.89 -1.42 -0.38 -0.56 -0.68 0.46 0.70 -1.02 -0.83 -2.40 1851 -0.64 -1.07 0.35 -0.48 -0.17 -0.58 -0.58 -0.60 -0.34 -0.29 -0.25 0.48 -0.36 -0.83 -1.57 1852 -0.14 -0.58 0.85 0.66 -0.67 0.27 -0.59 -0.66 -1.03 0.44 0.74 0.43 -0.63 -0.12 -0.87 1853 -0.03 -0.08 0.26 1.87 -0.64 -0.33 -0.70 -0.54 -0.76 -1.64 0.12 -0.23 -0.63 -0.48 -0.88 1854 -1.73 -0.13 0.99 0.14 -2.03 -0.77 -0.25 -0.43 -1.76 0.12 -0.59 0.38 -0.99 -0.48 -1.31 1855 0.81 0.07 0.24 0.38 -0.27 -1.21 -0.36 -1.06 -2.17 1.24 -0.31 0.91 0.03 -1.00 -0.52 1856 0.90 -0.67 -0.28 0.97 -0.48 0.27 0.43 -0.81 -1.86 -0.86 -0.27 -1.13 -0.53 0.23 -1.24 1857 0.59 -1.21 -1.11 -0.10 -0.37 0.06 0.29 -0.25 -1.62 0.68 0.03 -0.78 -0.05 0.05 -1.42 1858 -0.69 -1.01 0.39 -0.05 0.11 -0.97 0.06 0.54 -0.63 1.47 0.01 -0.06 0.24 0.05 -1.06 1859 1.03 -0.24 -0.34 0.70 -1.58 -0.32 0.22 1.16 -1.11 -0.16 0.30 -1.07 0.09 1.45 -0.37 1860 -0.01 -0.92 0.09 1.00 0.89 0.26 -0.22 0.72 -0.21 1.05 -0.89 0.77 -0.24 0.58 -0.94 1861 -0.02 0.56 0.39 1.29 0.16 -0.24 -0.45 -0.18 -0.17 -0.65 -1.05 -0.27 -0.24 -0.48 0.10 1862 1.86 0.72 -0.29 0.21 -0.18 -0.16 -0.44 -1.48 -1.40 1.37 -0.66 -0.38 -0.70 0.58 -0.15 1863 0.84 1.07 -0.62 -0.27 -0.30 0.23 -0.42 -1.23 -0.84 0.75 0.92 0.35 0.10 -0.12 -0.69 1864 -1.67 0.02 -0.13 -0.20 -0.14 -0.94 -0.25 -0.85 -0.85 0.97 -0.20 -2.03 -0.39 0.75 -1.13 1865 0.81 -0.09 -0.02 0.81 -0.26 -1.29 -1.33 -0.74 -1.20 0.25 -0.77 -0.35 0.39 -0.30 -0.09 1866 -0.97 -0.63 -0.62 -0.77 -0.79 0.15 -1.61 -0.15 -1.64 -0.23 0.46 0.20 0.43 -1.00 -0.99 1867 0.43 0.56 -0.72 -2.19 -1.00 -0.77 -0.78 -0.50 -0.87 0.58 -0.84 -0.71 -1.48 -0.12 0.52 1868 0.67 1.11 -0.79 0.26 -0.90 -0.73 -0.95 -1.25 -0.62 0.68 0.14 -1.26 -0.58 -0.83 -0.42 1869 -0.63 0.70 -0.16 -2.58 -0.80 -2.86 -0.51 -0.83 -0.48 -0.83 0.64 -0.47 -0.48 -0.48 -0.38 1870 -1.69 0.30 0.44 -1.28 -1.28 -0.36 -0.38 -0.74 -0.60 -0.30 -0.25 -0.65 -0.29 1.28 -1.37 1871 -0.74 0.36 0.00 -0.99 -0.11 1.14 -1.13 -0.77 -0.57 -0.15 -0.47 -0.62 -0.60 1.98 -0.66 1872 -0.81 0.31 0.26 -0.18 -1.79 0.17 0.51 -1.41 -0.29 -0.80 -0.43 0.62 0.29 1.10 -1.60 1873 0.05 0.44 0.52 -0.57 -1.26 -0.11 1.45 -0.09 0.35 -0.48 -0.56 -0.55 0.79 0.40 -1.30 1874 0.01 0.76 -1.44 -1.48 -0.32 1.21 1.15 0.01 0.89 -0.17 -1.09 0.45 0.50 1.45 -0.66 1875 0.34 1.51 -0.89 0.85 0.02 -0.40 0.88 0.02 0.14 -0.57 -0.95 -0.55 0.14 1.45 -0.11 1876 1.34 0.70 0.61 -0.82 0.00 0.30 1.14 0.49 -0.35 0.67 -2.92 -0.19 -0.08 0.40 1.35 1877 0.63 1.12 0.17 0.63 1.58 -0.74 -0.38 0.24 0.33 -0.97 -1.20 0.20 0.27 0.40 -1.30 1878 1.10 0.95 -0.12 1.50 -0.07 0.78 1.22 1.11 1.50 -0.94 -0.54 0.29 -1.19 1.10 -0.94 1879 1.51 0.54 -0.04 0.51 -0.25 2.06 0.60 0.89 0.32 -0.39 -2.51 0.32 -0.60 0.05 -0.23 1880 0.08 -0.41 -1.21 1.46 0.36 0.02 1.43 0.42 2.25 -1.65 -3.31 -0.45 0.00 0.58 -0.40 1881 0.10 -0.43 -2.03 0.35 -0.28 0.70 0.92 0.52 1.49 -0.11 -3.19 0.91 0.38 0.58 -0.59 1882 -0.79 -0.78 -0.29 -0.70 -0.91 -0.67 0.36 0.82 0.49 -0.01 -0.38 0.97 -0.53 0.23 0.68 1883 -0.46 -0.24 0.08 0.42 -0.80 -0.11 0.84 0.14 1.23 -1.50 -0.31 -0.11 -1.19 -0.30 -0.12 1884 -0.93 0.04 -0.01 -2.12 -1.54 0.03 0.78 0.26 0.86 -0.56 -0.56 1.07 -0.87 0.40 -0.01 1885 -1.59 0.72 -1.12 -2.51 -0.29 -0.39 0.11 -0.47 1.63 -0.89 -0.09 1.27 -0.39 -2.06 1.52 1886 1.07 0.43 -0.54 -0.19 -0.81 -0.45 1.26 -0.02 0.22 -0.36 0.23 0.42 -0.41 -0.65 2.24 1887 -0.55 0.68 -0.65 0.57 -1.81 -0.41 1.13 0.08 0.10 -1.95 -0.47 -0.74 -0.31 -0.30 -0.47 1888 0.92 -0.60 -1.40 0.65 -1.64 -0.23 0.99 0.69 0.79 0.27 -0.48 0.97 -0.34 -0.30 0.63 1889 1.93 -0.15 -0.91 -1.36 0.14 -0.23 1.02 0.80 0.94 -2.07 -0.02 0.52 -0.15 0.75 1.09 1890 2.56 -0.43 0.46 -0.39 -1.41 -1.47 0.23 0.71 0.21 0.12 -0.66 1.99 -0.68 0.58 -0.22 1891 1.58 -0.20 -0.32 -0.02 -0.09 -0.71 0.34 -0.02 0.44 -0.48 -0.36 1.49 -0.41 0.05 0.55 1892 1.13 0.97 -1.77 0.89 -0.42 -0.48 1.18 -0.17 -0.21 0.27 -1.82 1.52 0.05 -0.65 -1.70 1893 -1.23 1.15 -1.57 0.20 -0.98 0.16 0.74 -0.13 0.35 -0.37 -1.27 -0.99 0.15 1.63 -0.26 1894 0.90 0.83 -0.50 1.49 0.01 1.13 1.14 -0.06 -0.41 0.63 -0.11 -0.99 -0.10 -0.12 -0.30 1895 1.21 0.87 0.31 -0.76 -0.77 -0.11 1.25 -0.25 1.19 -0.68 -2.14 0.38 -0.27 0.58 -0.49 1896 0.96 -0.16 0.23 1.35 -0.07 0.27 2.05 -0.28 -0.17 -0.08 0.14 -0.23 0.43 0.93 -0.38 1897 1.17 0.38 -0.39 1.46 0.85 -1.16 1.46 0.71 1.13 0.36 -0.59 -1.14 0.80 0.40 0.10 1898 1.30 0.75 0.50 -0.25 0.24 -0.33 1.51 0.27 -1.33 -0.22 0.03 -0.68 -0.31 0.58 0.34 1899 -1.75 0.71 -0.86 -0.94 -1.47 -0.29 1.12 -0.32 -0.84 0.70 -3.60 1.08 0.19 0.58 0.34 1900 -0.15 0.91 -2.07 -0.23 -0.89 -0.62 1.61 -0.13 -1.03 -0.96 -1.41 0.04 0.68 0.58 -0.31 1901 -1.05 0.44 -0.45 -1.37 0.18 -0.72 1.61 -0.50 -0.37 -0.48 0.42 -0.24 0.05 1.45 0.05 1902 -0.81 0.44 -1.40 -2.01 -0.05 -1.19 1.33 -0.60 -0.05 -0.48 -0.79 0.55 0.84 1.10 -0.49 1903 0.31 1.02 -2.58 -0.98 -1.05 -1.24 1.41 -1.18 0.46 0.76 -1.30 1.66 0.15 0.05 0.57 1904 -0.25 2.09 -1.67 -0.08 0.28 -0.85 1.52 -1.35 0.55 -2.88 0.48 -0.59 -0.24 -0.48 -0.65 1905 0.70 1.27 -1.23 -0.61 -0.08 -1.41 0.75 -2.06 -0.97 2.16 -0.34 1.17 0.15 -0.83 -0.51 1906 0.31 1.19 -1.05 -0.59 -0.79 -0.87 1.45 -1.06 -0.40 -1.29 0.05 -0.50 1.25 -0.65 -0.74 1907 0.82 0.28 -1.23 -2.03 0.51 -1.73 0.97 -0.80 -0.08 0.47 -2.23 0.51 0.26 -1.35 -0.91 1908 -0.92 0.09 -0.55 1.75 0.19 0.15 1.66 -0.01 -0.40 0.08 0.09 -0.64 -0.34 -1.71 -0.19 1909 1.28 -0.47 -1.84 -0.57 0.99 -1.02 0.96 0.70 -0.55 0.13 0.03 -0.68 -0.36 -0.30 0.05 1910 -0.05 -0.48 -1.66 0.05 -1.01 -0.60 2.01 0.66 -0.43 -0.32 -0.64 -0.10 0.38 -0.30 -0.96 1911 1.62 1.35 -1.60 -1.43 -2.10 -0.63 0.99 -0.61 0.18 0.63 -1.04 0.10 -0.60 -1.53 -0.41 1912 -2.58 -0.89 -0.22 -1.41 -0.84 0.51 1.99 -0.78 -1.03 -1.02 -0.59 -0.04 -0.72 -1.35 -1.63 1913 -2.05 -1.02 -0.47 -1.05 -1.42 0.55 2.26 -0.22 -1.25 1.06 -1.28 -0.44 -1.38 -1.71 -0.19 1914 -0.84 -0.32 0.60 -0.59 -0.56 2.76 1.86 -0.72 -0.51 -0.61 -0.02 -1.17 -0.90 -1.18 -0.33 1915 -1.36 -0.75 0.64 0.74 0.20 -0.81 1.72 0.14 -0.97 1.49 -0.52 1.87 -1.58 -2.41 0.06 1916 0.30 -0.99 0.63 -0.39 0.80 1.44 1.85 0.12 -0.04 -0.18 -1.69 -0.45 -1.76 -1.71 -0.55 1917 1.27 0.60 -0.01 0.15 -0.39 0.10 -2.78 -0.58 0.12 -0.23 -0.39 -0.76 -1.72 0.75 -1.14 1918 -0.06 -0.15 0.53 0.60 -0.77 0.86 -0.10 0.44 -0.51 2.45 -0.23 0.69 -1.11 0.40 -0.15 1919 -0.70 0.51 0.58 0.16 -0.62 1.08 1.52 1.31 -0.08 -1.21 -0.11 -0.66 -1.16 -0.12 -0.66 1920 1.97 0.16 0.86 0.75 0.52 -1.74 0.30 1.65 -0.26 0.05 -0.57 0.79 -1.40 -0.12 0.63 1921 1.25 1.09 1.11 0.69 0.38 -0.22 0.80 1.92 0.69 -0.50 -0.70 0.38 -0.41 -1.18 0.50 1922 -0.14 0.19 1.83 0.89 0.52 -1.48 0.05 1.45 -0.35 0.26 0.64 0.18 -1.19 -1.00 -0.88 1923 1.58 0.24 0.96 1.61 -0.64 -0.86 0.21 0.36 0.63 1.36 -0.09 2.27 -1.55 -0.65 1.28 1924 0.02 0.67 1.08 1.19 -0.38 0.40 0.08 0.61 0.75 -0.85 -0.41 0.34 -0.77 0.58 -0.19 1925 -0.80 0.68 1.74 -1.12 -0.74 0.64 0.21 -0.53 0.56 0.04 0.76 0.69 -1.09 0.05 -0.02 1926 -0.15 0.62 0.29 1.40 -0.05 0.64 1.11 -1.54 0.12 -1.05 0.58 0.69 -1.16 0.23 -0.22 1927 0.21 1.21 1.03 -0.60 -1.15 1.43 0.88 -1.08 0.39 0.20 -0.77 1.10 -1.33 1.10 0.28 1928 0.05 2.27 -0.39 1.33 0.15 0.61 0.59 -0.21 2.25 -0.32 0.16 -0.55 -1.65 0.75 -0.40 1929 -0.16 1.70 -0.57 0.33 -0.29 0.39 0.79 0.15 -0.90 -0.23 -0.18 0.29 -1.47 1.98 -0.40 1930 0.01 0.98 2.21 -0.10 0.37 1.05 1.19 0.80 2.01 0.23 0.26 1.00 -0.80 2.68 0.19 1931 -0.10 1.13 0.93 -0.39 -0.53 0.26 0.94 1.43 0.27 0.18 0.60 0.14 -0.63 2.16 0.66 1932 1.07 1.79 0.29 0.36 -1.01 0.09 0.98 0.59 -0.76 -1.14 -0.50 0.39 0.32 1.10 0.38 1933 -2.36 1.09 -0.01 -0.19 -0.44 1.31 0.89 0.69 0.46 0.08 -0.79 0.63 0.29 1.63 -0.63 1934 1.06 1.29 2.00 0.01 0.33 -0.80 0.64 1.33 0.97 0.39 -0.66 1.24 0.19 0.40 0.32 1935 0.32 1.47 0.09 -0.27 0.35 0.45 0.35 0.96 1.17 -0.73 -0.22 -1.03 0.00 1.81 1.47 1936 -0.82 1.09 -0.18 0.55 -0.33 -0.44 -0.35 0.77 0.43 2.09 1.69 1.21 0.77 2.51 1.79 1937 0.34 0.34 1.51 -0.26 -0.33 0.23 0.57 0.13 1.07 0.88 -0.23 -1.03 0.84 1.98 1.38 1938 0.22 0.02 0.63 0.28 -0.55 -0.89 -0.79 -0.13 1.16 0.27 0.83 -0.35 -0.07 0.75 0.27 1939 2.19 0.41 0.35 1.15 -0.01 -0.26 0.33 -0.43 1.27 1.94 0.25 -0.41 0.27 1.28 1.38 1940 -1.96 0.04 0.13 1.21 0.26 -1.11 -0.05 -0.94 -0.45 0.55 1.10 1.18 0.39 1.98 -0.74 1941 -1.47 0.27 1.98 1.53 0.97 -0.21 1.15 -0.59 0.51 -0.23 0.67 -0.33 0.19 1.10 0.63 1942 1.17 1.07 0.22 1.74 0.74 -0.16 0.23 -0.28 0.60 2.04 0.23 -0.26 0.32 0.23 0.67 1943 1.20 1.91 0.42 1.61 -0.46 0.89 0.22 -0.02 0.28 1.24 -0.63 -0.51 1.07 1.28 0.91 1944 0.72 1.55 0.43 0.51 1.60 0.21 0.12 -0.16 1.26 1.95 0.25 0.60 0.38 -0.48 0.78 1945 1.68 0.73 0.78 2.77 1.01 0.56 0.30 -0.21 1.00 0.12 1.10 -0.10 0.58 0.05 0.39 1946 1.97 0.30 0.30 0.39 1.98 -0.57 -0.15 0.15 0.82 3.41 0.25 1.28 0.55 1.28 1.39 1947 0.86 1.56 0.62 -0.61 0.46 1.18 -0.10 0.45 1.19 1.13 -0.66 1.59 0.80 -0.83 -0.30 1948 0.79 -0.26 0.82 0.33 1.98 0.28 -0.41 0.69 1.87 2.90 -1.09 2.03 0.27 0.58 1.14 1949 -0.15 1.56 1.36 -2.07 0.66 0.06 0.41 0.30 1.00 -0.89 -0.48 -0.21 0.39 0.40 -0.90 1950 0.42 1.50 1.61 -0.50 0.96 1.03 0.61 -0.01 0.96 2.63 0.67 0.34 0.70 0.93 1.74 1951 0.21 2.02 0.34 -1.37 1.23 -1.03 0.71 0.69 2.32 1.26 -0.29 2.04 0.70 -0.65 -0.45 1952 0.74 2.23 -0.38 -1.34 -0.35 0.43 0.81 0.92 1.25 -0.82 0.01 -0.04 0.96 0.05 0.34 1953 -0.26 1.18 1.53 0.86 0.99 0.61 0.17 1.98 0.49 0.60 -0.34 1.68 2.06 0.05 -0.11 1954 0.88 0.11 1.99 -0.46 0.88 -1.26 0.17 1.32 2.62 0.30 -1.84 0.96 1.43 1.63 1.49 1955 -0.93 -0.32 0.08 1.43 1.32 0.98 0.59 0.69 1.62 1.44 1.46 -0.28 1.28 0.23 1.21 1956 1.17 -0.56 -0.05 0.64 0.40 1.66 0.45 0.33 2.51 -0.56 0.60 0.48 2.68 -0.65 -0.08 1957 -0.96 -0.37 1.39 1.52 1.66 0.64 0.48 0.19 2.16 0.42 -0.50 1.04 2.03 -0.65 0.30 1958 0.92 1.36 0.20 -0.63 -1.08 -0.04 1.27 -0.29 2.13 0.83 2.20 1.10 2.51 -1.71 1.53 1959 -1.12 1.13 0.18 1.70 0.75 0.30 0.82 -0.25 2.33 0.63 -1.57 -0.55 1.71 0.40 0.52 1960 -0.22 0.31 1.39 0.39 0.33 1.12 0.72 -0.50 0.89 -0.62 0.85 0.18 0.70 1.28 -0.11 1961 -0.02 0.24 -0.19 0.44 -0.76 1.57 0.28 -1.00 2.26 0.34 1.67 -0.16 1.35 0.58 0.97 1962 -0.98 0.99 -0.52 1.33 0.48 0.17 0.96 -1.63 1.46 0.07 -1.30 0.25 1.06 -0.83 1.09 1963 1.70 -0.52 -0.99 1.04 2.16 0.65 0.57 -1.86 0.48 -0.82 0.87 0.73 0.65 -1.18 0.07 1964 -0.43 -0.28 0.76 0.68 2.31 -0.65 0.51 -1.05 -0.60 0.92 -2.34 -0.43 0.94 -0.65 0.63 1965 -1.12 -1.45 -1.07 -0.46 2.90 -0.52 -1.74 -0.83 -0.80 -0.15 0.96 0.35 0.67 -1.71 0.66 1966 0.77 -0.22 -0.47 -1.16 1.36 0.17 -0.29 -0.72 -0.66 0.59 0.44 0.84 -0.17 -0.12 0.67 1967 0.37 0.16 -0.47 1.19 0.84 0.01 -0.78 0.00 0.12 0.96 1.95 1.06 0.09 0.40 -0.19 1968 -0.84 0.24 0.06 -1.44 1.88 0.27 -0.24 -0.31 0.75 0.09 -0.89 1.21 0.84 -0.48 1.16 1969 -0.10 0.98 0.14 0.55 1.54 0.40 -0.15 -0.21 0.91 2.23 1.10 -0.11 0.21 -2.06 1.35 1970 -1.27 1.27 1.00 -0.60 0.76 -0.75 -0.05 -0.89 0.16 -1.39 1.65 -0.90 0.44 -0.83 -0.67 1971 0.04 1.56 0.05 -0.92 0.15 0.46 0.21 -0.86 -0.47 1.58 0.99 1.06 -0.15 0.40 1.96 1972 -0.81 -0.59 1.05 0.15 0.26 -1.55 -0.57 -0.69 -0.17 1.19 0.23 0.18 0.07 -1.35 1.82 1973 -1.21 -0.38 1.60 -0.73 0.96 1.62 0.24 -0.01 -0.40 -1.13 0.37 -0.11 -0.20 -0.83 1.06 1974 -0.89 -0.33 0.25 -1.71 2.16 -0.66 -0.27 -0.77 0.55 -0.59 0.25 0.75 1.16 0.40 0.20 1975 -1.13 -1.81 -0.41 -0.01 2.17 0.57 0.67 -1.60 -0.58 0.68 -0.77 -0.96 1.69 -0.12 1.68 1976 -2.32 -0.45 -0.09 0.59 1.75 0.46 -0.21 -1.32 -0.12 0.57 -1.45 1.27 2.08 -0.65 0.16 1977 -0.40 -0.37 0.11 -0.13 2.09 1.46 0.69 -0.97 0.06 -0.34 1.37 1.34 1.77 0.05 0.37 1978 -2.39 -0.44 -0.28 1.10 1.26 3.30 1.39 -0.94 -0.25 0.14 0.19 1.84 1.13 -0.48 1.34 1979 -1.03 0.72 1.01 2.10 2.56 0.77 1.32 0.23 -0.91 0.20 1.95 1.93 1.76 0.05 0.96 1980 -2.52 0.18 0.94 0.50 2.22 1.49 0.35 0.69 -0.18 0.87 -0.34 0.77 2.63 0.75 1.97 1981 0.11 -0.40 -0.42 -0.73 1.79 -0.38 -0.14 -0.56 -0.61 -0.44 1.26 0.36 2.83 -1.35 -0.69 1982 -0.70 0.60 -0.27 0.20 0.61 -0.50 -1.31 -1.25 0.22 1.27 0.90 1.84 1.52 -0.83 1.89 1983 0.83 1.26 0.58 0.18 -0.07 0.67 -0.42 -0.86 -0.07 0.99 0.98 0.70 1.09 -1.18 2.72 1984 -0.83 0.17 0.33 2.05 0.90 2.37 0.65 0.51 1.51 -1.86 -0.18 0.53 1.11 -1.18 1.29 1985 -0.37 1.15 2.07 1.22 0.52 1.57 0.97 0.75 1.84 0.38 1.28 -0.38 1.02 1.63 1.89 1986 0.55 1.18 -0.23 1.71 0.58 -0.58 0.59 0.44 0.64 0.60 0.78 0.80 0.65 -0.65 2.25 1987 -0.72 1.11 -0.27 0.08 -0.05 -0.44 1.27 0.25 -0.55 -0.74 0.51 -0.03 2.22 -0.83 0.99 1988 0.24 2.00 0.36 -0.49 0.61 0.00 0.51 0.37 0.32 -0.99 0.57 0.07 0.92 -0.12 1.86 1989 -0.05 1.81 -0.08 -1.90 2.15 -1.27 0.65 -0.29 1.40 0.73 0.05 2.48 1.36 1.45 1990 -0.51 1.83 0.93 -0.02 3.08 1.16 0.73 -1.29 0.66 0.02 0.94 1.63 1.93 -0.65 1991 -1.39 1.95 0.41 0.38 2.80 -0.13 0.83 -1.04 0.37 -0.08 -0.59 0.70 2.56 -1.00 1992 0.77 2.02 -0.22 0.04 2.21 -0.44 -0.90 0.31 0.73 1.22 -0.06 1.76 0.05 1993 0.36 2.34 0.86 -0.40 1.04 0.08 -0.41 1.43 1.41 -0.56 1.38 1.38 1994 1.59 2.86 0.59 0.61 1.22 2.40 0.87 0.37 0.54 2.08 2.14 0.61 1995 -0.45 2.16 -0.89 -0.96 1.76 2.06 1.90 0.62 1.24 -0.48 1.60 1.65 1996 -0.43 1.70 -0.24 -0.11 2.65 -0.19 0.78 0.85 0.77 1.79 1997 0.06 1.76 0.03 -2.37 0.68 -0.16 1.07 0.10 1.06 1998 1.13 3.01 0.48 -0.14 1.75 2.14 1.14 1999 1.05 2.58 0.28 -2.26 1.29 1.11 2000 0.31 2.72 1.41 -1.72 0.95 1.86 2001 0.47 2.77 -0.70 2002 1.95 2.76 0.70 2003 1.86 2004 1.45 2. Northern Hemisphere extratropical temperature reconstruction (z-scores) Year NHTempAnom 1750 -0.12 1751 -0.69 1752 0.04 1753 0.31 1754 0.45 1755 -0.38 1756 0.79 1757 0.18 1758 0.29 1759 0.27 1760 0.56 1761 0.49 1762 -0.34 1763 0.40 1764 -0.16 1765 -0.53 1766 0.04 1767 -0.15 1768 -0.66 1769 -0.46 1770 0.04 1771 -0.10 1772 -0.22 1773 -0.05 1774 0.53 1775 0.60 1776 0.31 1777 0.93 1778 0.58 1779 0.70 1780 0.16 1781 0.38 1782 0.49 1783 -0.49 1784 -0.32 1785 0.43 1786 0.15 1787 0.99 1788 -0.27 1789 -0.04 1790 -0.22 1791 -0.07 1792 0.29 1793 0.13 1794 0.48 1795 0.09 1796 0.55 1797 0.43 1798 1.00 1799 0.20 1800 -0.31 1801 -0.33 1802 -0.51 1803 -0.61 1804 0.95 1805 0.27 1806 0.11 1807 0.24 1808 1.12 1809 -0.02 1810 -0.93 1811 -0.19 1812 -2.23 1813 -2.13 1814 -2.03 1815 -2.46 1816 -2.26 1817 -2.90 1818 -2.57 1819 -3.08 1820 -2.20 1821 -1.82 1822 -1.00 1823 -0.66 1824 -0.70 1825 -1.46 1826 -0.60 1827 -0.26 1828 -0.43 1829 -0.07 1830 -0.39 1831 -1.18 1832 -1.39 1833 -1.49 1834 -0.30 1835 -1.84 1836 -1.09 1837 -2.42 1838 -1.65 1839 -1.82 1840 -1.33 1841 -1.27 1842 -0.76 1843 -1.58 1844 -1.27 1845 -1.26 1846 -0.41 1847 -1.08 1848 0.13 1849 -1.19 1850 -1.35 1851 -1.13 1852 -0.36 1853 -0.80 1854 -1.39 1855 -0.56 1856 -0.89 1857 -0.86 1858 -0.31 1859 -0.12 1860 0.19 1861 -0.28 1862 -0.24 1863 -0.12 1864 -1.14 1865 -0.70 1866 -1.30 1867 -1.25 1868 -0.89 1869 -1.58 1870 -1.16 1871 -0.58 1872 -0.68 1873 -0.22 1874 0.11 1875 0.21 1876 0.32 1877 0.05 1878 0.78 1879 0.31 1880 -0.20 1881 -0.20 1882 -0.29 1883 -0.45 1884 -0.56 1885 -0.75 1886 0.29 1887 -0.83 1888 0.06 1889 0.28 1890 0.17 1891 0.20 1892 -0.25 1893 -0.43 1894 0.45 1895 -0.03 1896 0.67 1897 0.75 1898 0.27 1899 -0.85 1900 -0.67 1901 -0.22 1902 -0.60 1903 -0.36 1904 -0.69 1905 -0.34 1906 -0.65 1907 -1.06 1908 -0.21 1909 -0.33 1910 -0.61 1911 -0.82 1912 -1.65 1913 -1.37 1914 -0.44 1915 -0.32 1916 -0.47 1917 -0.84 1918 0.36 1919 -0.11 1920 0.44 1921 0.79 1922 0.05 1923 0.92 1924 0.38 1925 0.09 1926 0.15 1927 0.38 1928 0.62 1929 0.14 1930 1.73 1931 0.98 1932 0.52 1933 0.31 1934 1.22 1935 0.86 1936 1.54 1937 1.04 1938 0.17 1939 1.38 1940 0.17 1941 0.85 1942 1.20 1943 1.31 1944 1.38 1945 1.53 1946 1.92 1947 1.01 1948 1.70 1949 0.13 1950 1.94 1951 1.08 1952 0.65 1953 1.64 1954 1.46 1955 1.54 1956 1.28 1957 1.32 1958 1.48 1959 0.97 1960 0.92 1961 1.06 1962 0.32 1963 0.45 1964 -0.03 1965 -0.73 1966 0.08 1967 0.77 1968 0.25 1969 0.93 1970 -0.39 1971 0.82 1972 -0.18 1973 0.04 1974 -0.01 1975 -0.07 1976 -0.03 1977 0.98 1978 0.95 1979 1.97 1980 1.45 1981 0.01 1982 0.57 1983 1.03 1984 1.02 1985 2.23 1986 1.32 1987 0.36 1988 0.85 1989 1.41 1990 1.60 1991 0.82 1992 1.22 1993 1.61 1994 2.82 1995 1.79 1996 1.44 1997 0.45 1998 2.45 1999 1.24 2000 1.66