# SW USA 2000 Year Growing Degree Days and Precipitation Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19783 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/bocinsky2016/readme-bocinsky2016.txt # # Original_Source_URL: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: precipitation #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-04-01 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: SW USA 2000 Year Growing Degree Days and Precipitation Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Bocinsky, R.K.; Rush, J.; Kintigh, K.W.; Kohler, T.A. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: High spatial resolution (30 arc-second) Southwestern United States tree-ring reconstructions of # May-September Growing-degree Days (GDD), reported in Fahrenheit units, and Net Water-year Precipitation # (previous October - current November), reported in millimeters of precipitation. The reconstructions # were performed using the "PaleoCAR" method detailed in Bocinsky and Kohler (2014) Nature Communications. # Reconstructions are delivered in 1x1 degree netCDF files. # East-west spatial resolution: 30 arc-seconds (1/120 of a degree) # North-south spatial resolution: 30 arc-seconds (1/120 of a degree) # Z resolution: integer units #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: R. Kyle Bocinsky, Johnathan Rush, Keith W. Kintigh and Timothy A. Kohler # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016-04-01 # Published_Title: Exploration and exploitation in the macrohistory of the pre-Hispanic Pueblo Southwest # Journal_Name: Science Advances # Volume: 2 # Edition: e1501532 # Issue: 4 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501532 # Online_Resource: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1501532 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Cycles of demographic and organizational change are well documented in Neolithic societies, but the social and ecological processes underlying them are debated. Such periodicities are implicit in the "Pecos classification," a chronology for the pre-Hispanic U.S. Southwest introduced in Science in 1927 which is still widely used. To understand these periodicities, we analyzed 29,311 archaeological tree-ring dates from A.D. 500 to 1400 in the context of a novel high spatial resolution, annual reconstruction of the maize dry-farming niche for this same period. We argue that each of the Pecos periods initially incorporates an "exploration" phase, followed by a phase of "exploitation" of niches that are simultaneously ecological, cultural, and organizational. Exploitation phases characterized by demographic expansion and aggregation ended with climatically driven downturns in agricultural favorability, undermining important bases for social consensus. Exploration phases were times of socio-ecological niche discovery and development. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: R. Kyle Bocinsky and Timothy A. Kohler # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-12-04 # Published_Title: A 2,000-year reconstruction of the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in the US Southwest # Journal_Name: Nature Communications # Volume: 5 # Edition: # Issue: 5618 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6618 # Online_Resource: http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141204/ncomms6618/full/ncomms6618.html # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Humans experience, adapt to and influence climate at local scales. Paleoclimate research, however, tends to focus on continental, hemispheric or global scales, making it difficult for archaeologists and paleoecologists to study local effects. Here we introduce a method for high-frequency, local climate-field reconstruction from tree-rings. We reconstruct the rain-fed maize agricultural niche in two regions of the southwestern United States with dense populations of prehispanic farmers. Niche size and stability are highly variable within and between the regions. Prehispanic rain-fed maize farmers tended to live in agricultural refugia - areas most reliably in the niche. The timing and trajectory of the famous thirteenth century Pueblo migration can be understood in terms of relative niche size and stability. Local reconstructions like these illuminate the spectrum of strategies past humans used to adapt to climate change by recasting climate into the distributions of resources on which they depended. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Southwestern USA # Location: North America>United States Of America # Country: United States Of America # Northernmost_Latitude: 43.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 31.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: -102.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: -115.0 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Bocinsky2016 # Earliest_Year: 0 # Most_Recent_Year: 2000 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ## GDD Growing Degree Days, , , days x degrees F, May-September, climate reconstructions, PaleoCAR, ,N ## precip Precipitation, , , mm, Water year previous October - current November, climate reconstructions, PaleoCAR, ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # # Data are stored in netCDF 1x1 degree data files at: # http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/bocinsky2016/ #