# North America/North Pacific 300 Year Reconstructed Cool-Season Storm Tracks #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22198 # Description: # Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/readme-wise2017stormtrack.txt # Description: # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: atmospheric circulation #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-06-07 #-------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2017-06-07 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: North America/North Pacific 300 Year Reconstructed Cool-Season Storm Tracks #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Wise, E.K.; Dannenberg, M.P. #-------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track position (decimal degrees N) and intensity (m^2 s^-2), # based on tree-ring chronologies using a composite-plus-scale method (CPS). # Model skill varies over the spatial domain; please refer to validation statistics included in the data file for appropriate use. # Instrumental data (daily meridional wind at 300hPa) from the high-resolution Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) climate dataset # (http://jra.kishou.go.jp/JRA-55/index_en.html) were obtained from https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.0/. These data were used to # derive average 1959-2014 cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track from the monthly variance of the daily meridional component of wind (v-wind) # at approximately 300 hPa after application of a first-difference filter. Average cool-season storm-track position was calculated as # the latitude of maximum v-wind variance for each longitudinal transect, and cool-season storm track intensity was calculated as # the maximum v-wind variance for each longitudinal transect. See Wise and Dannenberg (2017) for more complete description of data and methods. # # Provide Keywords: circulation, dendroclimatology, extra-tropical cyclones, hydroclimate, intensity, Little Ice Age, # moisture, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Ocean, storm tracks. # # Tree-ring data are archived in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB), site codes WA136 - WA142. # Storm track reconstruction values are in netCDF format in file wise2017stormtrack.nc. Variables are as follows: # # VARIABLES INCLUDED IN wise2017stormtrack.nc: # # year_inst: year vector for instrumental time period # year_recon: year vector for reconstructed time period # lon: longitude vector for the instrumental and reconstructed data # InstStormTrackPosition (year x longitude): Average cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track latitude, 1959-2014 (degrees N; assigned to the ending year of the season). Calculated from monthly variance of the daily meridional component of wind (v-wind) at approximately 300 hPa after application of a first-difference filter using Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) instrumental data obtained from UCAR/NCAR (https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds628.0/). The storm track was estimated as the latitude of maximum v-wind variance and smoothed with a robust loess filter to reduce noise. # InstStormTrackIntensity (year x longitude): Average cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track intensity (m^2 s^-2), 1959-2014, for each longitudinal transect. # ReconStormTrackPosition (year x longitude): Reconstructed average cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track latitude, 1693-1995 (degrees N; assigned to the ending year of the season). # ReconStormTrackPosition_smoothed (year x longitude): The ReconStormTrackPosition data smoothed with a robust loess filter. # ReconST124_Intercept: Vector of storm track position (degrees N) at 124W for each year of the reconstructed time period (1693-1995), determined by fitting a straight line (using ordinary least squares regression) to the reconstructed storm track position over the region 136°W to 124°W. # ReconStormTrackIntensity (year x longitude): Average cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track intensity (m^2 s^-2), 1693-1995, for each longitudinal transect. # Validation_CE_STposition: Coefficient of Efficiency (CE) between the instrumental storm track position and the CPS-predicted storm track position (where Coefficient of Efficiency values > 0 indicate predictive skill) for each longitudinal transect. # Validation_CE_STintensity: Coefficient of efficiency (CE) for reconstructed storm-track intensity for each longitudinal transect. # Validation_r2_STposition: Coefficient of determination (r2) between the instrumental storm track position and composite-plus-scale (CPS)-predicted storm track position for each longitudinal transect. # Validation_r2_STintensity: Coefficient of determination (r2) for reconstructed storm-track intensity for each longitudinal transect. # Validation_RMSE_STposition: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the instrumental storm track position and the CPS-predicted storm track position for each longitudinal transect. # Validation_RMSE_STintensity: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for reconstructed storm-track intensity for each longitudinal transect. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-06-07 # Published_Title: Reconstructed storm tracks reveal three centuries of changing moisture delivery to North America # Journal_Name: Science Advances # Volume: 3 # Edition: e1602263 # Issue: 6 # Pages: # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602263 # Online_Resource: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/6/e1602263 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Moisture delivery to western North America is closely linked to variability in the westerly storm tracks of midlatitude cyclones, which are, in turn, modified by larger-scale features such as the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation system. Instrumental and modeling data suggest that extratropical storm tracks may be intensifying and shifting poleward due to anthropogenic climate change, but it is difficult to separate recent trends from natural variability because of the large amount of decadal and longer variation in storm tracks and their limited instrumental record. We reconstruct cool-season, midlatitude Pacific storm-track position and intensity from 1693 to 1995 CE using existing tree-ring chronologies along with a network of newly developed chronologies from the U.S. Pacific Northwest, where small variations in storm-track position can have a major influence on hydroclimate patterns. Our results show high interannual-to-multidecadal variability in storm-track position and intensity over the past 303 years, with spectral signatures characteristic of tropical and northern Pacific influences. Comparison with reconstructions of precipitation and tropical sea surface temperature confirms the relationship between shifting drought patterns in the Pacific Northwest and storm-track variability through time and demonstrates the long-term influence of El Niņo. These results allow us to place recent storm-track changes in the context of decadal and multidecadal fluctuations across the long-term record, showing that recent changes in storm-track intensity likely represent a warming-related increase amplified by natural decadal variability. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS-1102757, AGS-1304422 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: North America/North Pacific # Location: North America # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 75.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: 25.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: -110.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: -150.0 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Wise2017StormTrack # Earliest_Year: 1693 # Most_Recent_Year: 1995 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: one per line, shortname-tab-variable components (what, material, error, units, seasonality, data type,detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data, free text) # See Description section above # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # # Data are in netCDF file https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2017stormtrack.nc #