Skip to main content
Skip to site search

NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index Reconstruction from Tree-Rings since 910 C.E.

browse graphicPaleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction
This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions|tree ring with a geographic location of North Atlantic Ocean. The time period coverage is from 1040 to -68 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.
  • Cite as: Cook, E.R.; Kushnir, Y.; Smerdon, J.E.; Williams, A.P.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Wahl, E.R. (2019-05-14): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index Reconstruction from Tree-Rings since 910 C.E.. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/m5y1-ce04. Accessed [date].
  • Please refer to Credit tab for full citation information.
noaa-recon-26810
XML
Search Data
Download Data
Distribution Formats
  • Native Format(s)
Ordering InstructionsContact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
DistributorNOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact Data Center Contact
NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology
828-271-4800
paleo@noaa.gov
Coverage DescriptionDate Range: 910 CE to 2018 CE; Date Range: 1040 cal yr BP to -68 cal yr BP;
Time Period910 to 2018
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
N: 65
S: 38
E: -10
W: -50
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • A Euro-Mediterranean tree-ring reconstruction of the winter NAO index since 910 C.E.
    • Associated Reference published 2019
      Cook, Edward R., Yochanan Kushnir, Jason E. Smerdon, A. Park Williams, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, and Eugene R. Wahl, 2019: A Euro-Mediterranean tree-ring reconstruction of the winter NAO index since 910 C.E.. Climate Dynamics, , , 10.1007/s00382-019-04696-2
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2019-05-14
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress StatusComplete - production of the data has been completed
Data Update Frequency Data update frequency not available
Supplemental Information
STUDY NOTES: In the NAO reconstruction data table, -05%CL is an amount to be subtracted from the median and +95%CL is an amount to be added to the median.
ABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: We develop a new reconstruction of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index using a network of 97 Euro-Mediterranean tree-ring series. The reconstruction covers the period 910-2018 C.E., making it the longest annually resolved estimate of winter NAO variability available. We use nested correlation-weighted principal components regression and the Maximum Entropy Bootstrap method to generate a 2400-member ensemble of reconstructions for estimating the final reconstruction and its quantile uncertainties. Extensive validation testing of the new reconstruction against data withheld from the calibration exercise demonstrates its skill. The skill level of the new reconstruction is also an improvement over two NAO reconstructions published earlier. Spectral analyses indicate that the new reconstruction behaves like a "white noise" process with intermittent band-limited power, suggesting that the winter NAO is stochastically forced. The "white noise" properties of our reconstruction are also shown to be consistent with the spectral properties of long instrumental NAO indices extending back to 1781 and NAO indices extracted from a large number of forced climate model runs covering the last millennium. In contrast, an annually resolved multi-proxy NAO reconstruction of comparable length, based in part on speleothem data, behaves more like externally forced "red noise" process, which is inconsistent with our reconstruction, long observations, and forced model runs.
PurposeRecords of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Cook, E.R.; Kushnir, Y.; Smerdon, J.E.; Williams, A.P.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Wahl, E.R. (2019-05-14): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index Reconstruction from Tree-Rings since 910 C.E.. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/m5y1-ce04. Accessed [date].
  • Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.
Cited Authors
  • Cook, E.R.
  • Kushnir, Y.
  • Smerdon, J.E.
  • Williams, A.P.
  • Anchukaitis, K.J.
  • Wahl, E.R.
Originators
  • Cook, E.R.
  • Kushnir, Y.
  • Smerdon, J.E.
  • Williams, A.P.
  • Anchukaitis, K.J.
  • Wahl, E.R.
Publishers
  • NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
Theme keywordsGlobal Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
  • Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
  • earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring
  • earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring
  • earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring
  • earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring
  • earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions|tree ring
  • earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions > atmospheric circulation
  • Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction
Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus
  • What: North Atlantic Oscillation Index; Material: null
  • What: North Atlantic Oscillation Index; Material: null
  • What: North Atlantic Oscillation Index; Material: null
  • What: age; Material: null
  • What: North Atlantic Oscillation Index; Material: null
Data Center keywordsGlobal Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
  • DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
Place keywords
  • Ocean > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Oscillation > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Cook, E.R.; Kushnir, Y.; Smerdon, J.E.; Williams, A.P.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Wahl, E.R. (2019-05-14): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Index Reconstruction from Tree-Rings since 910 C.E.. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/m5y1-ce04. Accessed [date].
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
  • Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.
Access Constraints
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
  • None
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Last Modified: 2024-01-19
For questions about the information on this page, please email: ncei.info@noaa.gov