Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH), Version 2
SWOOSH
The tropical tape recorder in water vapor
The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH), Version 2 data set is a merged record of stratospheric ozone and water vapor measurements taken by a number of limb sounding and solar occultation satellites over ~30 years. The SWOOSH record spans 1984 to 2016, and is comprised of data from the SAGE-II/III, UARS HALOE, UARS MLS, and Aura MLS instruments. The measurements are homogenized by applying corrections that are calculated from data taken during time periods of instrument overlap. The primary SWOOSH data product consists of monthly-mean zonal-mean values on a pressure grid. In addition to the primary (zonal-mean) grid, SWOOSH data are also available on 3D (longitude/latitude/pressure), equivalent latitude, and isentropic grids. The gridded data include the mean, standard deviation, number of observations, and mean uncertainty from each instrument. Also included is a merged (multi-instrument) product based on a weighted mean of the available measurements. Because the merged product contains missing data, a merged and filled product is also provided for (e.g., modeling) studies requiring a continuous dataset.
- Cite this data set when used as a source: Davis, Sean; Rosenlof, Karen; NOAA ESRL (2016):Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH), Version 2. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX [access date]. Publications using this CDR should also cite the following journal article: Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Hassler, B., Hurst, D. F., Read, W. G., Vömel, H., Selkirk, H., Fujiwara, M., and Damadeo, R.: The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 461-490, doi:10.5194/essd-8-461-2016, 2016
| Download Data |
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| Distribution Formats |
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| Ordering Instructions |
Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions. |
| Distributor |
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
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| Dataset Point of Contact |
Sean Davis
DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
sean.m.davis@noaa.gov
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| Dataset Point of Contact |
Customer Engagement Branch
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
1-828-271-4800
ncei.orders@noaa.gov
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| Time Period |
1984-01 to 2016-10 (time interval: 1-month) |
| Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates |
West: -180.0
East: 180.0
South: -90.0
North: 90.0
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| Spatial Coverage Map |
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| Dataset Information |
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SWOOSH Webpage (download)
SWOOSH webpage containing information, plots, and data download
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| General Documentation |
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| Associated Resources |
- The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies
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| Publication Dates |
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| Edition |
2 |
| Dataset Progress Status |
Complete - production of the data has been completed |
| Data Update Frequency |
Not planned |
| Purpose |
This dataset will be used by researchers studying seasonal- to decadal-scale variability in water vapor and ozone concentrations in the stratosphere. |
| Use Limitations |
- The data set uses an additive adjustment process to create a timeseries free of artificial jumps, but no effort is included to address potential drifts in time of the ozone and water vapor concentrations.
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| Dataset Citation |
- Cite this data set when used as a source: Davis, Sean; Rosenlof, Karen; NOAA ESRL (2016):Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH), Version 2. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX [access date]. Publications using this CDR should also cite the following journal article: Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Hassler, B., Hurst, D. F., Read, W. G., Vömel, H., Selkirk, H., Fujiwara, M., and Damadeo, R.: The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 461-490, doi:10.5194/essd-8-461-2016, 2016
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| Cited Authors |
- Davis, Sean
DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- Rosenlof, Karen
DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
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| Originators |
- Davis, Sean
DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Collaborators |
- Rosenlof, Karen
DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Publishers |
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Theme keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
- Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
- Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Essential Climate Variables (ECVs)
- Atmospheric - Upper-air - Upper-air Water Vapour
- Atmospheric - Composition - Ozone
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| Data Center keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
- GOVERNMENT AGENCIES-U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES > DOC > NOAA > > DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce > http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/ > 666978f9-7
- DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Platform keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords
- Earth Observation Satellites > AURA > Earth Observing System, Aura
- Earth Observation Satellites > UARS > Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
- Earth Observation Satellites > ERBS > Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
- Earth Observation Satellites > Meteor > Meteor-3M
- Earth Observation Satellites > SCISAT-1/ACE > Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment
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| Instrument keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Profilers/Sounders > MLS > Microwave Limb Sounder
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Spectrometers/Radiometers > Interferometers > HALOE > Halogen Occultation Experiment
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Spectrometers/Radiometers > Spectrometers > SAGE II > Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Spectrometers/Radiometers > Spectrometers > SAGE III > Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Spectrometers/Radiometers > Spectrometers > ACE-FTS > Fourier Transform Spectrometer
- Earth Remote Sensing Instruments > Passive Remote Sensing > Profilers/Sounders > HIRDLS > High-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder
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| Place keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords- Geographic Region > Global
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| Stratum keywords |
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords- Vertical Location > Stratosphere
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| Use Constraints |
- Cite this data set when used as a source: Davis, Sean; Rosenlof, Karen; NOAA ESRL (2016):Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH), Version 2. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX [access date]. Publications using this CDR should also cite the following journal article: Davis, S. M., Rosenlof, K. H., Hassler, B., Hurst, D. F., Read, W. G., Vömel, H., Selkirk, H., Fujiwara, M., and Damadeo, R.: The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: a long-term database for climate studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 461-490, doi:10.5194/essd-8-461-2016, 2016
- Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
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| Access Constraints |
- Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
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| Fees |
- In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
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| Lineage information for: dataset |
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| Lineage Statement |
SWOOSH contains data from the following satellite instruments: SAGE II (v7), SAGE III (v4), HALOE (v19), UARS MLS (v5 for ozone, v6 for water vapor), and EOS Aura MLS (v4.2). All data are the standard Level 2 retrievals, downloaded from the standard data providers for each instrument. |
| Processor |
- DOC/NOAA/OAR/CSD > NOAA OAR Chemical Sciences Division, OAR, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce
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| Processing Steps |
- SWOOSH contains data from several satellite instruments: SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, and EOS Aura MLS. Basic data screening is based on the published recommendations of the satellite instrument teams. Additional screening criteria based on satellite-sounding matched data comparisons are given in Davis et al. (in prep). The data are then adjusted to match a predetermined reference measurement (Aura MLS for water vapor, SAGE-II for ozone). The adjustment process involves applying additive offsets to the non-reference datasets. The offsets vary as a function of latitude and (vertical) level only. The offsets are derived from coincident measurements taken during instrument overlap time periods.
Rationale: This subset of available satellite data was chosen because each instrument provides vertical profiles of both O3 and WV with roughly similar vertical resolution, and because this combination of instruments provides overlapping coverage from 1984 onwards. Although there are several other satellite instruments that could be added during the 2000's, these data are not included because MLS provides sufficient sampling and global coverage on a monthly timescale. The offsets are applied because the measurements don't agree exactly, even when they are measuring the same airmass. This is potentially due to spatial resolution differences between the instruments, and possibly due to inherent biases in the retrievals. Applying the offset adjustment effectively removes the offset, allowing for a homogenized data record free of jumps.
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| Processing Environment |
Data set created on a Mac OSX system using IDL 8.5. |
| Source Datasets |
- Aura MLS version 4.2 water vapor and ozone
- SAGE-II ozone and water vapor
- SAGE-III ozone and water vapor
- UARS MLS water vapor
- UARS MLS water vapor
- Description of Source: UARS MLS water vapor
- Temporal extent used: 1991-09-19 to 1993-04-13
- UARS HALOE water vapor and ozone
- UARS MLS ozone
- UARS MLS ozone
- Description of Source: UARS MLS ozone
- Temporal extent used: 1991-09-19 to 1999-07-28
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| Lineage information for: repository |
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| Processing Steps |
- 2015-04-22T00:00:00 - NOAA created the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) by merging NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015.
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Last Modified: 2026-06-17T21:00:14
For questions about the information on this page, please email:
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