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National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) long-term monitoring: Regional Ecological Assessments and National Benthic Inventory (NCEI Accession 0202842)

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The NCCOS Regional Ecological Assessments (REA) and NOAA National Benthic Inventory (NBI) include observations of water quality, sediment quality, fish and shellfish tissue chemical contaminants, and benthic infaunal abundance obtained from studies conducted since 1991 by NOAA and partnering institutions in estuarine and coastal-ocean areas of the United States. Measured parameters include: location and date of the sampling event, measures of water quality (e.g., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients), sediment quality (e.g., grain size, total organic carbon, chemical contaminant concentrations, toxicity), fish and shellfish tissue chemical contaminants (e.g., concentrations of metals, PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, organic pesticides), and infaunal assemblages (e.g., taxon, abundance).
  • Cite as: Balthis, Len; Hyland, Jeff; Cooksey, Cindy; Fulton, Mike; Wirth, Ed; Hartwell, Ian; Johnson, W. Ed; Kimbrough, Kimani; Harmon, Michelle; Hameedi, Jawed; Gottholm, Bernie; Lauenstein, Gunnar; Long, Ed (2019). National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) long-term monitoring: Regional Ecological Assessments and National Benthic Inventory (NCEI Accession 0202842). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/mx4t-r574. Accessed [date].
gov.noaa.nodc:0202842
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Distributor NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
+1-301-713-3277
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Dataset Point of Contact NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
ncei.info@noaa.gov
Time Period 1991-03-18 to 2015-06-11
Spatial Bounding Box Coordinates
West: -178.4
East: -68.6
South: 23.1
North: 49
Spatial Coverage Map
General Documentation
Associated Resources
  • NCCOS Regional Ecological Assessments
  • NOAA National Benthic Inventory
  • Coastal Ecological Assessments and Indicator Development
  • National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, 2003: NCCOS Long-term Monitoring Project: Regional Ecological Assessments and National Benthic Inventory, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/57167.
  • World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
  • Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
  • Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank; Balthis, W. Leonard; Wade, Terry L. Ecological condition of coastal ocean waters along the U.S. continental shelf of northeastern Gulf of Mexico, 2010. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 188. 2014
  • Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Balthis, W. Leonard; Fulton, Michael H.; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Wirth, Edward Frank. Assessment of ecological condition and stressor impacts within Great Lakes rivers and harbors: Milwaukee estuary, Wisconsin; Assessment of ecological condition and stressor impacts within Great Lakes Rivers and harbors, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 222. 2016. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-nos-nccos-222
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank. Long-term monitoring of ecological conditions in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary: soft-bottom benthic assemblages and contaminant levels in sediments and biota (2000, 2005, and 2012/13); Soft-bottom benthic assemblages and contaminant levels in sediments and biota (2000, 2005, and 2012/13). NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 206. 2015. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-nos-nccos-206
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank. Integrated assessment of ecosystem condition and stressor impacts in submerged habitats of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas (GTM) National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 231. 2017. https://doi.org/10.7289/v5/tm-nos-nccos-231
  • Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Balthis, W. Leonard; Fulton, Michael H.; Scott, Geoffrey I.; Bearden, Daniel. Soft-bottom benthic assemblages and levels of contaminants in sediments and biota at Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby shelf waters off the coast of Georgia (2000 and 2001). NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 6. 2004
  • Fulton, Michael H.; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Key, Peter Berkeley; Wirth, Edward Frank; Balthis, W. Leonard; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Chung, Katy; Leight, A. Characterization of toxic impacts on living marine resources in tidal rivers of the Chesapeake Bay. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 64. 2007
  • Cooksey, Cynthia L. Support for integrated ecosystem assessments of NOAA's National Estuarine Research Reserves System (NERRS), volume II: assessment of ecological condition and stressor impacts in subtidal waters of the North Carolina NERRS. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 83. 2008
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; May, Lisa A.; Wirth, Edward Frank; Woodley, Cheryl M. Assessment of Ecological Condition and Potential Stressor Impacts in Offshore Areas of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 254. 2018. https://doi.org/10.25923/vtsz-v706
  • Costa, Bryan M.; Buja, Ken; Kendall, Matthew S.; Williams, Bethany; Kraus, Jennifer. Prioritizing Areas for Future Seafloor Mapping, Research, and Exploration Offshore of California, Oregon, and Washington. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 264. 2019. https://doi.org/10.25923/wa5c-vn25
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank; Cobb, Donald J.; Wiley, David N. Ecological condition of coastal ocean waters within Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, 2008. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 129. 2011
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Wirth, Edward Frank; Fulton, Michael H.; Moore, Jan; Hurley, Dorset Harlan. Support for integrated ecosystem assessments of NOAA's National Estuarine Research Reserves System (NERRS): assessment of ecological condition and stressor impacts in subtidal waters of the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve; Assessment of ecological condition and stressor impacts in subtidal waters of the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 150. 2012
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank. Ecological condition of coastal ocean waters of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, 2011. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 171. 2013
  • Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank; Balthis, W. Leonard. Ecological condition of coastal ocean waters of the U.S. continental shelf off south Florida, 2007. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 159. 2012
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Fulton, Michael H. Long-term monitoring of ecological conditions in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary: comparison of soft-bottom benthic assemblages and contaminant levels in sediments and biota in spring 2000 and 2005; Comparison of soft-bottom benthic assemblages and contaminant levels in sediments and biota in spring 2000 and 2005. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 68. 2007
  • Cooksey, Cynthia L.; Harvey, James T.; Harwell, Linda; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Summers, J. Kevin. Ecological condition of coastal ocean and estuarine waters of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight, 2000-2004. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 114. 2010
  • Balthis, W. Leonard; Hyland, Jeffrey L.; Fulton, Michael H.; Wirth, Edward Frank; Kiddon, John A.; Macauley, John. Ecological condition of coastal ocean waters along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight, 2006. NOAA technical memorandum NOS NCCOS; 109. 2009
Publication Dates
  • publication: 2019-09-23
Data Presentation Form Digital table - digital representation of facts or figures systematically displayed, especially in columns
Dataset Progress Status Complete - production of the data has been completed
Historical archive - data has been stored in an offline storage facility
Data Update Frequency As needed
Purpose NCCOS works in partnership with state, academic, and other federal agencies in performing a broad range of research and monitoring activities to assess the status and potential effects of human activities on the health of coastal ecosystems and to promote the use of this information in protecting and restoring the Nation’s coastal resources. NCCOS has conducted a series of ecological assessments aimed at evaluating condition of living resources and ecosystem stressors in estuarine and coastal areas. Information from these studies provides a means to assess the current status of ecological condition and stressor impacts throughout these areas, and serves as a baseline for evaluating future changes due to natural or human-induced disturbances. The NCCOS Regional Ecological Assessments (REA) website provides access to data generated from these studies, including measures of water quality, sediment quality, and fish and shellfish tissue chemical contaminants. Access to data on benthic infauna is provided through the NOAA National Benthic Inventory (NBI), which consists of a dynamic quantitative database on benthic species abundances, by taxon and location, obtained from studies conducted by NOAA and partnering institutions in estuarine and other coastal-ocean areas of the U.S. The NBI is also a data source for the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), a gateway to global ocean biodiversity and biogeographic data and information. NCCOS has conducted these ecological assessments in estuaries and coastal-ocean waters around the country, including National Estuarine Research Reserves (NERRS), National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS), and continental shelf regions in the northeast, Mid-Atlantic Bight, South-Atlantic Bight, Florida Shelf, and Gulf of Mexico. Partners include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), NOAA NERRS (North Carolina, Sapelo Island, Guana-Tolomato-Matanzas), NOAA NMS (Stellwagen Bank, Gray’s Reef, Florida Keys), South Carolina Estuarine and Coastal Assessment Program (SCECAP), and the University of North Carolina.
Use Limitations
  • accessLevel: Public
  • Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.
Dataset Citation
  • Cite as: Balthis, Len; Hyland, Jeff; Cooksey, Cindy; Fulton, Mike; Wirth, Ed; Hartwell, Ian; Johnson, W. Ed; Kimbrough, Kimani; Harmon, Michelle; Hameedi, Jawed; Gottholm, Bernie; Lauenstein, Gunnar; Long, Ed (2019). National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) long-term monitoring: Regional Ecological Assessments and National Benthic Inventory (NCEI Accession 0202842). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/mx4t-r574. Accessed [date].
Cited Authors
Principal Investigators
Collaborators
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Points of Contact
Publishers
Acknowledgments
  • Funding Agency: NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
  • Funding Agency: US Environmental Protection Agency
Theme keywords NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS WMO_CategoryCode
  • oceanography
Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords NCCOS Research Areas
  • Marine Spatial Ecology > Ecological and Biogeographic Assessments
NCCOS Research Data Types
  • Field Observation
  • Long-term Monitoring
Provider Keywords
  • Abundance
  • Benthic
  • Coastal
  • Coastal Monitoring
  • Earth Science > Biological Classification > Animals/Invertebrates
  • Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Community Dynamics > Community Structure
  • Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Ecosystem Functions
  • Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics > Ecotoxicology > Toxicity Levels
  • Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Benthic; Coastal; Estuary
  • Earth Science > Oceans > Marine Sediments > Sediment Chemistry
  • Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Chemistry
  • Earth Science > Oceans > Water Quality > Ocean Contaminants
  • Grain size
  • Infauna
  • Infaunal assemblages
  • Macroinfauna
  • Salinity
  • Sediment quailty
  • Sediment quality
  • Species
  • Taxa
  • Taxonomic serial number
  • Temperature
  • Tissue Chemistry
  • Tissue chemical contaminants
  • Water quality
Data Center keywords NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords
Platform keywords NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords ICES/SeaDataNet Ship Codes
Instrument keywords NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords Provider Instruments
  • Box corer
  • Cylindrical, hand-operated push corer
  • Hook-and-line fishing
  • In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Corers > BOX CORE; SEDIMENT CORERS
  • In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Profilers/Sounders > CTD > Conductivity, Temperature, Depth
  • In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Samplers > Bottles/Flasks/Jars > NISKIN BOTTLES
  • In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Samplers > Grabbers/Traps/Collectors > GRAB SAMPLERS
  • Large Van Veen grab sampler
  • Seabird CTD
  • Vacuum suction sampler apparatus
  • YSI multiparameter sonde
  • Young-modified Van Veen grab sampler
Place keywords NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords NCCOS Regions of Study
  • Waterbodies > Atlantic Ocean
  • Waterbodies > Great Lakes
  • Waterbodies > Gulf of Mexico
Provider Place Names
  • Ashtabula River
  • Coastal Waters of Eastern U.S.
  • Continent > North America > United States Of America > Alabama; California; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Great Lakes; Hawaii; Louisiana; Maryland; Massachusetts; Mississippi; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Rhode Island; South Carolina; Texas; Virginia; Washington; Wisconsin
  • Dry Tortugas
  • Florida Keys
  • Galveston Bay
  • Guana-Tolomato-Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve
  • Hudson River
  • Manatee Bay
  • Milwaukee Estuary
  • Neuse River
  • North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve
  • Northwest Hawaiian Islands
  • Raritan Bay
  • Rookery Bay
  • Sabine Lake
  • San Francisco Bay
  • Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve
  • Southeastern U.S. Estuaries
  • St. Johns River
  • St. Lucie River
Project keywords Provider Project Names
  • NCCOS Project #139: Coastal Ecological Assessments and Indicator Development
  • NCCOS Regional Ecological Assessments
  • NOAA National Benthic Inventory
Keywords NCEI ACCESSION NUMBER
Keywords Send2NCEI Submission Package ID
  • LWJ7A5
Use Constraints
  • Cite as: Balthis, Len; Hyland, Jeff; Cooksey, Cindy; Fulton, Mike; Wirth, Ed; Hartwell, Ian; Johnson, W. Ed; Kimbrough, Kimani; Harmon, Michelle; Hameedi, Jawed; Gottholm, Bernie; Lauenstein, Gunnar; Long, Ed (2019). National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) long-term monitoring: Regional Ecological Assessments and National Benthic Inventory (NCEI Accession 0202842). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/mx4t-r574. Accessed [date].
Access Constraints
  • Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
Fees
  • In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • 2019-09-23T16:28:55Z - NCEI Accession 0202842 v1.1 was published.
Output Datasets
Lineage information for: dataset
Processing Steps
  • Parameter or Variable: BENTHIC SPECIES (measured); Units: count; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sediment samples were collected using either a Young-modified Van Veen grab sampler (0.04 m2), a large Van Veen grab sampler (0.1 m2), a box corer (0.09 m2), a cylindrical, hand-operated push corer for diver-collected samples (0.0071 m2), or a vacuum suction sampler apparatus on Johnson Sea Link submersible (0.03 m2). Sediments collected for identification and enumeration of benthic infauna were prepared by gently washing the material through a 0.5-mm mesh sieve and rinsing the material retained on the sieve into a labeled container, fixed in 10% buffered formalin with rose bengal (to facilitate subsequent sorting), and transferred to the laboratory for further processing. Once in the laboratory, samples were transferred from formalin to 70% alcohol. Organisms were separated from sample debris under a dissecting microscope, identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level (usually species), and enumerated.; Data Quality Method: A variety of QA/QC procedures were implemented during the processing of benthic infauna samples to ensure consistent production of high quality data. A minimum of 10% of all benthic infauna samples sorted by each technician were re-sorted by a different technician to monitor performance and provide feedback necessary to maintain acceptable standards. The minimum acceptable sorting efficiency was 90%. Approximately 10% of the samples were randomly selected and re-checked by an independent qualified taxonomist. The minimum acceptable taxonomic efficiency was 90%..
  • Parameter or Variable: WATER QUALITY (measured); Units: varies; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: varies; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Measures of water quality (temperature, salinity, depth, pH, dissolved oxygen) were obtained using a data sonde (Seabird CTD or YSI multiparameter sonde). Water samples were collected either by hand at the surface or at various depths using Niskin bottles. Samples for analysis of nutrients, chlorophyll, and TSS were analyzed following standard methods (U.S. EPA 1997; U.S. EPA 1995).; Data Quality Method: Samples for analysis of nutrients, chlorophyll, and TSS were analyzed following standard methods (U.S. EPA 1997; U.S. EPA 1995)..
  • Parameter or Variable: SEDIMENT QUALITY (measured); Units: varies; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: varies; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Sediment samples were collected using either a Young-modified Van Veen grab sampler (0.04 m2), a large Van Veen grab sampler (0.1 m2), a box corer (0.09 m2), a cylindrical, hand-operated push corer for diver-collected samples (0.0071 m2), or a vacuum suction sampler apparatus on Johnson Sea Link submersible (0.03 m2). Measures of sediment quality (grain size, total organic carbon, chemical contaminant concentrations, toxicity) were obtained following standard methods. Samples for grain size analysis were prepared by sieve separation followed by timed pipette extractions as described in Plumb (1981). TOC analysis followed USEPA Method 9060 (U.S. EPA 1992). Analysis of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and antimony (Sb) was performed using either instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or inductively-coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of aluminum (Al), manganese (MN), and zinc (Zn) was carried out using either flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAA) or ICP-MS. Analysis of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), and tin (Sn) was performed using either graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) or ICP-MS. Mercury (Hg) was analyzed using either cold vapor atomic absorption (CVAA) or on a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Other metals not listed above were analyzed using ICP-MS. Organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs; polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs; polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs; chlorinated pesticides) were analyzed using either gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Sediment toxicity was assessed using one or several toxicity assays. Amphipod assays (Ampelisca abdita, Ampelisca verrilli, Leptocheirus plumulosus) are acute toxicity tests which measure the effect of sediment exposure on amphipod survival under static conditions. Procedures followed the general guidelines provided in ASTM Protocol E1367-92 (ASTM 1993) and EMAP-E Laboratory Methods Manual (U.S. EPA 1995). The Microtox® solid-phase test with the photoluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri (also called Allivibrio fischeri) provides a sublethal measure of toxicity based on attenuation of light production by the bacterial cells due to exposure to the sediment sample (Bulich 1979, Ross et al. 1991, Microbics 1992 a and b). A 7-d sublethal test of the effects of sediment exposure on growth of juvenile Mercenaria mercenaria (“seed clams”), was developed by Ringwood et al. (1996) and Ringwood and Kepler (1998). A similar assay using juvenile clams used survival (rather than growth) as the endpoint (Fulton et al. 2007).; Data Quality Method: A performance-based approach was employed, utilizing the following standard practices: 1) continuous laboratory evaluation through the use of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), Laboratory Control Materials (LCMs), or Standard Reference Material (SRM); 2) laboratory spiked sample matrices; 3) laboratory reagent blanks; 4) calibration standards; 5) analytical surrogates; and 6) laboratory and field replicates..
  • Parameter or Variable: TISSUE CHEMISTRY (measured); Units: varies; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: varies; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Samples of fish or shellfish for analysis of chemical contaminants in edible tissues were collected either by hand, by diver, or hook-and-line fishing. Concentrations of chemical contaminants were measured following standard methods. Analysis of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and antimony (Sb) was performed using either instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) or inductively-coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of aluminum (Al), manganese (MN), and zinc (Zn) was carried out using either flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAA) or ICP-MS. Analysis of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), and tin (Sn) was performed using either graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) or ICP-MS. Mercury (Hg) was analyzed using either cold vapor atomic absorption (CVAA) or on a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Other metals not listed above were analyzed using ICP-MS. Organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs; polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs; polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs; chlorinated pesticides) were analyzed using either gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD).; Data Quality Method: A performance-based approach was employed, utilizing the following standard practices: 1) continuous laboratory evaluation through the use of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), Laboratory Control Materials (LCMs), or Standard Reference Material (SRM); 2) laboratory spiked sample matrices; 3) laboratory reagent blanks; 4) calibration standards; 5) analytical surrogates; and 6) laboratory and field replicates..
Acquisition Information (collection)
Instrument
  • CTD
  • Niskin bottle
Platform
  • NOAA Ship Nancy Foster
  • NOAA Ship Pisces
  • RV Joe Ferguson
Last Modified: 2024-09-17T19:15:52Z
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