Sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), Italy from 1884-01-01 to 1963-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205785)
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title: Sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), Italy from 1884-01-01 to 1963-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205785)
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abstract: This work presents the rescue of the sub-daily meteorological observations collected at Montevergine Observatory (hereafter, MVOBS) from 1884 to 1963. MVOBS is located on the Southern Apennines (40.936502 N, 14.729150 E) at an elevation of 1280 m above sea level (asl). The sub-daily dataset consists of three daily observations (performed at about 8:00, 14:00 and 20:00 hours) of several atmospheric variables. The data, originally available only on paper, have been digitized following the World Meteorological Organization standard practices. The following variables: dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, water vapor pressure, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, cloud cover, rainfall, snowfall, equivalent liquid precipitation underwent a dedicated quality control process. After a cross-check based on a manual inspection, three consecutive quality control tests have been applied:- Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labeled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labeled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data);- Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. This test has been applied to all investigated parameters, except of cloud cover. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labeled as QC = 2;- Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values This test has not been applied to rainfall, snowfall and cloud cover records. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labeled as QC = 3. The quality flag value is associated to each measurement/observation and is indicated in a dedicated column for each variable. Furthermore, a set of additional parameters, not statistically quality controlled, is provided including the following variables: cloud type, precipitation type, wind direction, wind speed, cloud direction, snow depth, low level cloud base height and low level cloud cover. Historical notes from the observer in the original language (Italian) are also provided. Time coverage may vary according to the parameter, missing data are represented by NaN. Two different version of the dataset are provided in excel format: "subdaily_data_MVOBS_raw" includes all the observed parameters without any quality control procedure. "subdaily_data_MVOBS_QC_VARIABLES" including data from all the variables that have been checked with the statistical quality control procedures.
purpose: We present a new high quality sub-daily meteorological dataset that can be of highly interest for the scientific community. In particular, MVOBSV dataset can enhance the understanding of high altitude weather and climate variability and contributes to improve the accuracy of reanalysis products prior the 1950s.
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otherConstraints: Cite as: Capozzi, Vincenzo; Cotroneo, Yuri; Castagno, Pasquale; De Vivo, Carmela; Komar, Andrew; Guariglia, Riccardo; Budillon, Giorgio (2019). Sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), Italy from 1884-01-01 to 1963-12-31 (NCEI Accession 0205785). [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25921/cx3g-rj98. Accessed [date].
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otherConstraints: Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose.
aggregationInfo: (MD_AggregateInformation)
aggregateDataSetName: (CI_Citation)
title: Capozzi, V., Cotroneo, Y., Castagno, P., De Vivo, C., & Budillon, G. (2020). Rescue and quality control of sub-daily meteorological data collected at Montevergine Observatory (Southern Apennines), 1884–1963. Earth System Science Data, 12(2), 1467–1487. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020
date: (CI_Date)
date: 2020-06-30
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
authority: (CI_Citation)
title: International DOI Foundation (IDF)
date: (inapplicable)
code: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
positionName: (unknown)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020
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name: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1467-2020
description: journal article
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citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: Capozzi, Vincenzo
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName:
Anchor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-0142 Cotroneo, Yuri
organisationName:
Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/374 The Parthenope University of Naples
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.uniparthenope.it/
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name: The Parthenope University of Naples website
description: Institution web page
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName:
Anchor: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-1066 Castagno, Pasquale
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: De Vivo, Carmela
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName:
Anchor: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1756-2221 Budillon, Giorgio
organisationName:
Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/374 The Parthenope University of Naples
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.uniparthenope.it/
protocol: HTTPS
name: The Parthenope University of Naples website
description: Institution web page
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
role: (CI_RoleCode) author
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: Copernicus GmbH
role: (CI_RoleCode) publisher
presentationForm: (CI_PresentationFormCode) documentDigital
series: (CI_Series)
name: Earth Syst. Sci. Data
issueIdentification: 12(2)
otherCitationDetails: ISSN 1866-3516, pp. 1467-1487
associationType: (DS_AssociationTypeCode) crossReference
initiativeType: (DS_InitiativeTypeCode) sciencePaper
language:
LanguageCode: eng; USA
characterSet: (MD_CharacterSetCode) utf8
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) environment
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) oceans
topicCategory: (MD_TopicCategoryCode) climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
extent: (EX_Extent)
geographicElement: (EX_GeographicBoundingBox)
westBoundLongitude: 14.72915
eastBoundLongitude: 14.72915
southBoundLatitude: 40.936502
northBoundLatitude: 40.936502
temporalElement: (EX_TemporalExtent)
extent:
TimePeriod:
beginPosition: 1884-01-01
endPosition: 1963-12-31
supplementalInformation: (missing)
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distributionInfo: (MD_Distribution)
distributor: (MD_Distributor)
distributorContact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName:
Anchor: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/archive-management-system/OAS/bin/prd/jquery/institution/details/1730 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
phone: (CI_Telephone)
voice: +1-301-713-3277
address: (CI_Address)
electronicMailAddress: NCEI.Info@noaa.gov
role: (CI_RoleCode) pointOfContact
distributionOrderProcess: (MD_StandardOrderProcess)
fees: In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.
orderingInstructions: Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.
distributorFormat: (MD_Format)
name: CSV
version: (unknown)
distributorFormat: (MD_Format)
name: Excel
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distributorTransferOptions: (MD_DigitalTransferOptions)
transferSize:
Real: 43.92
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://doi.org/10.25921/cx3g-rj98
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Web browser
name: NCEI Dataset Landing Page
description: Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/oas/205785
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Web browser
name: Descriptive Information
description: Navigate directly to the URL for a descriptive web page with download links.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) information
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/download/205785
protocol: HTTPS
applicationProfile: Web browser
name: HTTPS
description: Navigate directly to the URL for data access and direct download.
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
onLine: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: ftp://ftp-oceans.ncei.noaa.gov/nodc/archive/arc0147/0205785/
protocol: FTP
applicationProfile: Any FTP client
name: FTP
description: These data are available through the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP is no longer supported by most internet browsers. You may copy and paste the FTP link to the data into an FTP client (e.g., FileZilla or WinSCP).
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: NCEI Accession 0205785 v1.1 was published.
dateTime:
DateTime: 2019-10-25T16:44:29Z
output: (LE_Source)
sourceCitation: (CI_Citation)
title: NCEI Accession 0205785 v1.1
date: (CI_Date)
date: (inapplicable)
dateType: (CI_DateTypeCode) publication
citedResponsibleParty: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
individualName: (inapplicable)
contactInfo: (CI_Contact)
onlineResource: (CI_OnlineResource)
linkage: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/archive/accession/0205785/1.1
protocol: HTTPS
name: NCEI Accession 0205785 v1.1
description: published 2019-10-25T16:44:29Z
function: (CI_OnLineFunctionCode) download
role: (inapplicable)
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dataQualityInfo: (DQ_DataQuality)
scope: (DQ_Scope)
level: (MD_ScopeCode) dataset
lineage: (LI_Lineage)
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRESSURE - BAROMETRIC [BAROMETRIC PRESSURE] (measured); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: barometers; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily direct measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE - DRY BULB (measured); Units: centidegrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily direct measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: AIR TEMPERATURE - WET BULB (measured); Units: centidegrees Celsius; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily direct measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PARTIAL PRESSURE OF WATER VAPOR (calculated); Units: hPa; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily retrievals from psychrometric measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: RELATIVE HUMIDITY (calculated); Units: percent; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: Psychrometer; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily retrievals. This parameter is mainly retrieved from psychrometric measurements, except for some sporadic direct measurement performed using a Thermo-hygrograph. The different measurement type is indicated in a dedicated file column.; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2; C-Temporal coherency test: checks the rate of change, flagging unrealistic jumps in adjacent values. Data that have passed gross, tolerance and temporal coherency tests have been labelled as QC = 3..
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CLOUD AMOUNT/FREQUENCY (measured); Units: tenths; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of cloud cover. 0=clear sky, 10=overcast; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and three consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data).
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: NO CLOUD (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of clear sky conditions. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CLOUD TYPE CUMULI (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of cumuli cloud presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CLOUD TYPE STRATI (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of strati cloud presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CLOUD TYPE CIRRI (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of cirri cloud presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: INVISIBLE SKY (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of invisible sky conditions. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (measured); Units: mm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: rain gauge; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and two consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2;.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SNOW AMOUNT (measured); Units: cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: snowboard - WMO; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and two consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2;.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: EQUIVALENT LIQUID PRECIPITATION AMOUNT (measured); Units: mm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: rain gauge; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements. This value is retieved from the liquid equivalent of the melted snow collected in the rain gauge or from the direct measurement of the water contained in it. In the case of unmelted snow presence, the equivalence 1 snow cm = 1 rain mm has been adopted. The different measurement type is indicated in a dedicated file column.; Data Quality Method: The quality level of the data has been assessed through a first visual inspection and two consecutive objective statistical methods: A-Gross error test: verifies if the data are within acceptable range limits. Data passing this test have been labelled as QC = 1, otherwise they have been labelled as QC = 8 (bad data) or QC = 9 (suspicious data); B-Tolerance test: flags the values that are above or below monthly climatological limits, defined according to probability distribution model. Data that have passed gross and tolerance test have been labelled as QC = 2;.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE RAIN (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of rain presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE SNOW (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of snow presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE HAIL (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of hail presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: PRECIPITATION TYPE SNOWGRAINS (measured); Units: integer; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual observation; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of snowgrains presence. 1= presence; 0=absence; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: WIND DIRECTION (measured); Units: cardinal direction; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: anemoscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: WIND FORCE (measured); Units: classes; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily retrievals. This parameter is mainly retrieved from visual estimations, except for some sporadic direct measurement performed using an anemometer. The different measurement type is indicated in a dedicated file column.; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: CLOUD DIRECTION (measured); Units: cardinal direction; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: nephoscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: SNOW THICKNESS (measured); Units: cm; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: snowboard; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: VISIBILITY (measured); Units: km; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily estimates; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: LOW LEVEL CLOUD COVER (measured); Units: tenths; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: visual estimate; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily observations of low level cloud cover. This parameter is referred to the presence of clouds exclusively in the lower layer of the atmosphere. 0=no low clouds, 10=full cover by low clouds; Data Quality Method: NA.
processStep: (LE_ProcessStep)
description: Parameter or Variable: LOW LEVEL CLOUD BASE HEIGHT (measured); Units: m; Observation Category: in situ; Sampling Instrument: nephoscope; Sampling and Analyzing Method: Three daily measurements; Data Quality Method: NA.
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metadataMaintenance: (MD_MaintenanceInformation)
maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency: (MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode) asNeeded
maintenanceNote: Metadata are developed, maintained and distributed by NCEI. Updates are performed as needed to maintain currentness.
contact: (CI_ResponsibleParty)
organisationName: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
role: (CI_RoleCode) custodian
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acquisitionInformation: (MI_AcquisitionInformation)
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: barometer
type: barometer
description: Barometers are instruments for measuring atmospheric pressure; two types include mercury barometers and aneroid barometers.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: rain gauge
type: rain gauge
description: A device to measure the amount of liquid precipitation The definition of liquid precipitation is any form of water falling from the sky as rain. Rain gauge measures the amount of liquid precipitation.
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: visual estimate
type: visual estimate
description: not an instrument - maybe an observation type
instrument: (MI_Instrument)
identifier: (MD_Identifier)
code: visual observation
type: visual observation
description: not an instrument - maybe an observation type
