Ocean Climate Lab (OCL) Publications

A collection of published and unpublished reports from the NCEI Ocean Climate Laboratory (OCL).

2025

G. C. Johnson, J. M. Lyman, L. Cheng, D. Giglio, R. E. Killick, M. Kuusela, R. Locarnini, A. Mishonov, M. Oe, J. Reagan, and T. Sukianto (2025). Ocean temperature and heat content anomalies. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 106, issue 8, p. 186, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0074.1
G. C. Johnson, J. Reagan, J. M. Lyman, R. Locarnini, and C. Schmid (2025). Salinity, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 106, issue 8, p. 190, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0074.1
J. Reagan, R. Locarnini, and C. Schmid (2025). Subsurface Salinity, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 106, issue 8, p. 192, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0074.1
Findlay, H. S., Feely, R. A., Jiang, L.-Q., Pelletier, G., Bednaršek, N. (2025). Ocean Acidification: Another Planetary Boundary Crossed, Global Change Biology, e70238, doi:10.1111/gcb.70238.
Jiang, L.-Q., Fay, A., Müller, J. D., Keppler, L., Carroll, D., Lauvset, S. K., DeVries, T., Hauck, J., Rödenbeck, C., Gregor, L., Metzl, N., Fassbender, A. J., Gattuso, J.-P., Landschützer, P., Wanninkhof, R., Sabine, C., Alin, S. R., Hoppema, M., Olsen, A., Humphreys, M. P., Azetsu-Scott, K., Bakker, D. C. E., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Besemer, N., Bittig, H. C., Boyd, A. E., Broullón, D., Cai, W.-J., Carter, B. R., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chen, C.-T. A., Cyr, F., Dore, J. E., Enochs, I., Feely, R. A., Garcia, H. E., Gehlen, M., Gloege, L., González-Dávila, M., Gruber, N., Iida, Y., Ishii, M., Kennedy, E., Kozyr, A., Lange, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manzello, D. P., McKinley, G. A., Monacci, N. M., Padin, X. A., Palacio-Castro, A. M., Pérez, F. F., Roobaert, A., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sharp, J., Sutton, A., Swift, J., Tanhua, T., Telszewski, M., Terhaar, J., van Hooidonk, R., Velo, A., Watson, A. J., White, A. E., Wu, Z., Yoo, H., and Zeng, J. (2025). Synthesis of data products for ocean carbonate chemistry, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., doi: 10.5194/essd-2025-255, 2025.
Lee, P., R. Brokaw, E. S. Nyadjro, and B. Subrahmanyam, 2025. Surface salinity variability in the Gulf of Mexico during flood and drought years. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2024GL114409, doi: 10.1029/2024GL114409.
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E Trenberth, James Reagan, Huai-Min Zhang, Andrea Storto, Karina Von Schuckmann, Yuying Pan, Yujing Zhu, Michael E Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Fujiang Yu, Ricardo Locarnini, John Fasullo, Boyin Huang, Garrett Graham, Xungang Yin, Viktor Gouretski, Fei Zheng, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Dakui Wang, Licheng Feng, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Gengxin Chen, Rongwang Zhang, Alexey Mishonov, Zhetao Tan, Wangxu Wei, Huifeng Yuan, Guancheng Li, Qiuping Ren, Lijuan Cao, Yayang Lu, Juan Du, Kewei Lyu, Albertus Sulaiman, Michael Mayer, Huizan Wang, Zhanhong Ma, Senliang Bao, Henqian Yan, Zenghong Liu, Chunxue Yang, Xu Liu, Zeke Hausfather, Tanguy Szekely, Flora Gues, 2025. Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 42, 1092–1109 (2025)., doi:10.1007/s00376-025-4541-3.
Mishonov A.V., Tim Boyer, Ricardo Locarnini, Hernan Garcia, James Reagan, Christopher Paver, Olga Baranova, Dan Seidov, Scott Cross, Courtney Bouchard, Enenezer Nyadjiro, Zhankun Wang (2025). Monitoring Ocean Climate with World Ocean Database, Oceans 2025 Brest, Brest France, 2025, pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS58557.2025.11104766.
Nyadjro, E.S., A. Oikonomou, A.O. Saba, E. Mahu, G. Vagenas, J.K. Ansong, P.E. Martin, A. Agyekumhene, E.K. Asamoah, R.K. Quarcoo, J. Collier, and L.G. Akita. 2025. Building and sharing ocean sciences capacity through project-based learning. Oceanography 38(1), doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2025.117.
Tan, Z., Zhu, Y., Cheng, L., Gouretski, V., Pan, Y., Yuan, H., Wang, Z., Li, G., Song, X., Zhang, B. and Bao, S., 2025. CODC-S: A quality-controlled global ocean salinity profiles dataset. Scientific Data, 12, 917., doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-05172-9.

2024

Blunden, J. and T. Boyer, 2024: State of the Climate in 2023. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 105 (8), S1–S484, doi:10.1175/2024BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Boyer, T., J. Blunden, R.J.H. Dunn, M. Ades, R. Adler, et al., 2024: Introduction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 105 (8), S1S11, doi:10.1175/2024BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Buhl-Mortensen, L., R. Houssa, B. M’bengue, E. S. Nyadjro, D. Cervantes, M. Idrissi, E. Mahu, A.S. Dia, M. Olsen, C. Mas, and M. Chierici. 2024. Lophelia reefs off North and West Africa – Comparing environment and health. Marine Biology, 171, 29., doi: 10.1007/s00227-023-04344-8.
Cheng, L., J. Abraham, K.E. Trenberth, T. Boyer, M.E. Mann, J. Zhu, F. Wang, F. Yu, R. Locarnini, J. Fasullo, F. Zheng, Y. Li, B. Zhang, L. Wan, X. Chen, D. Wang, L. Feng, X. Song, Y. Liu, F. Reseghetti, S. Simoncelli, V. Gouretski, G. Chen, A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, K. Von Schuckmann, Y. Pan, Z. Tan, Y. Zhu, W. Wei, G. Li, Q. Ren, L. Cao, and Y. Lu, 2024: New record ocean temperatures and related climate indicators in 2023. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 41 (6), 1068–1082, doi: 10.1007/s00376024-3378-5.
Djakoure, S., M. Koné, U. Koffi, K. Y. Kouadio, M. Adon, E. S. Nyadjro, and S. Ta. 2023. Characterization of marine heat waves in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, 1293779, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1293779.
Hakuba, M.Z., S. Fourest, T. Boyer, B. Meyssignac, J.A. Carton, G. Forget, L. Cheng, D. Giglio, G.C. Johnson, S. Kato, R.E. Killick, N. Kolodziejczyk, M. Kuusela, F. Landerer, W. Llovel, R. Locarnini, N. Loeb, J.M. Lyman, A. Mishonov, P. Pilewskie, J. Reagan, A. Storto, T. Sukianto, and K. von Schuckmann, 2024: Trends and variability in Earth’s energy imbalance and ocean heat uptake since 2005. Surveys in Geophysics, 1–36, doi: 10.1007/s10712024-09849-5.
Garcia H.E., T. Ito, Z. Wang, J. Reagan, T. Boyer, C. Bouchard, and A. Oschlies (2024) Global ocean deoxygenation: Status and challenges. In: IOC-UNESCO. 2024. State of the Ocean Report. Paris, IOC-UNESCO. IOC Technical Series, 190. doi: 10.25607/4wbg-d349.
Ito, T. Garcia H.E., Z. Wang, S. Minobe, M.C. Long, J. Cebrian, J. Reagan, T. Boyer, C. Paver, C. Bouchard, Y. Takano, S. Bushinsky, A. Cervania, and C.A. Deutsch, 2024: Underestimation of mul-decadal global O2 loss due to an optimal interpolation method. Biogeosciences, 21 (3), 747–759., doi:10.5194/bg-21-747-2024.
Jiang, L.Q., T.P. Boyer, C.R. Paver, H. Yoo, J.R. Reagan, S.R. Alin, L. Barbero, B.R. Carter, R.A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof, 2024: Climatological distribution of ocean acidification variables along the North American ocean margins. Earth System Science Data, 16 (7), 3383–3390, doi:10.5194/essd-163383-2024.
Mishonov, A., D. Seidov, and J. Reagan, 2024: Revisiting the multidecadal variability of North Atlantic Ocean circulation and climate. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1345426, doi:10.3389/fmars.2024. 1345426.
Mishonov, A.V., D. Seidov, O.K. Baranova, C. Bouchard, T.P. Boyer, S.L. Cross, K. Larsen, E.S. Nyadjro, A.R. Parsons, and K. Weathers, 2024: High-resolution regional Ocean climatologies with the Northwest Atlantic as an example: A review. Journal of Marine Science Research and Oceanography, 7 (1), 01–32, doi:10.33140/JMSRO.07. 01.01.
Meyssignac, B., S Fourest, Michael Mayer, GC Johnson, FM Calafat, M Ablain, T. Boyer, L Cheng, Damien Desbruyères, G Forget, D Giglio, M Kuusela, R. Locarnini, JM Lyman, William Llovel, A. Mishonov, J Reagan, V. Rousseau, J Benveniste. 2024. North Atlantic Heat Transport Convergence Derived from a Regional Energy Budget Using Different Ocean Heat Content Estimates. Surv Geophys 45, 1855–1874 (2024), doi: 10.1007/s10712-024-09865-5.
Nyadjro, E.S., J.A.B. Webster, T.P. Boyer, J. Cebrian, L. Collazo, G. Kaltenberger, K. Larsen, Y.H. Lau, P. Mickle, T. Toft, and Z. Wang, 2023: The NOAA NCEI marine microplastics database. Scientific Data, 10 (1), 726, doi:10.1038/s41597023-02632-y.
Sharp, J. D., Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B. R., Lavin, P. D., Yoo, H. L., Cross, S. (2024). Surface ocean acidification indicators in Large Marine Ecosystems of the United States. Nature – Scientific Data, 11, 715 (2024), doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03530-7.

2023

Boyer, T., H.-M. Zhang, K. O’Brien, J. Reagan, S. Diggs, E. Freeman, H. Garcia, E. Heslop, P. Hogan, B. Huang, L.-Q. Jiang, A. Kozyr, C. Liu, R. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, C. Paver, Z. Wang, M. Zweng, S. Alin, L. Barbero, J.A. Barth, M. Belbeoch, J. Cebrian, K.J. Connell, R. Cowley, D. Dukhovskoy, N.R. Galbraith, G. Goni, F. Katz, M. Kramp, A. Kumar, D.M. Legler, R. Lumpkin, C.R. McMahon, D. Pierrot, A.J. Plueddemann, E.A. Smith, A. Su on, V. Turpin, L. Jiang, V. Suneel, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Weller, and A.P.S. Wong, 2023: Effects of the pandemic on observing the global ocean. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 104 (2), E389–E410, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D21-0210.1.
Boyer, T., E. Bartow-Gillies, A. Abida, M. Ades, R. Adler, et al., 2023: Introduction. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 104 (9), S1–S10, doi:10.1175/2023BAMSStateoftheClimate_Intro.1.
Cheng, L., J. Abraham, K.E. Trenberth, J. Fasullo, T. Boyer, M.E. Mann, J. Zhu, F. Wang, R. Locarnini, Y. Li, B. Zhang, F. Yu, L. Wan, X. Chen, L. Feng, X. Song, Y. Liu, F. Reseghetti, S. Simoncelli, V. Gouretski, G. Chen, A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, and G. Li, 2023: Another year of record heat for the oceans. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 40 (6), 963–974, doi:10.1007/s00376023-2385-2.
DiMarco, S.F., Wang, Z., Chapman, P., al-Kharusi, L., Belabbassi, L., al-Shaqsi, H., Stoessel, M., Ingle, S., Jochens, A.E. and Howard, M.K., 2023. Monsoon-driven seasonal hypoxia along the northern coast of Oman. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10, p.1248005.
Feely, R. A., Jiang, L.-Q., Wanninkhof, R., Carter, B. R., Alin, S. R., Bednaršek, N., and Cosca, C. E. (2023). Acidification of the Global Surface Ocean: What We Have Learned from Observations. Oceanography, 36(2-3), 120-129, doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2023.222.
Forster, P.M., C.J. Smith, T. Walsh, W.F. Lamb, R. Lamboll, M. Hauser, A. Ribes, D. Rosen, N. Gille , M.D. Palmer, J. Rogelj, K. von Schuckmann, S.I. Seneviratne, B. Trewin, X. Zhang, M. Allen, R. Andrew, A. Birt, A. Borger, T. Boyer, J.A. Broersma, L. Cheng, F. Dentener, P. Friedlingstein, J.M. Gu érrez, J. Gütschow, B. Hall, M. Ishii, S. Jenkins, X. Lan, J.Y. Lee, C. Morice, C. Kadow, J. Kennedy, R. Killick, J.C. Minx, V. Naik, G.P. Peters, A. Pirani, J. Pongratz, C.F. Schleussner, S. Szopa, P. Thorne, R. Rohde, M. Rojas Corradi, D. Schumacher, R. Vose, K. Zickfeld, V. Masson-Delmo e, and P. Zhai, 2023: Indicators of global climate change 2022: Annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence. Earth System Science Data, 15 (6), 2295–2327, doi:10.5194/essd-152295-2023.
Good, S., B. Mills, T. Boyer, F. Bringas, G. Castelão, R. Cowley, G. Goni, V. Gouretski, and C.M. Domingues, 2023: Benchmarking of automatic quality control checks for ocean temperature profiles and recommendations for optimal sets. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 1075510, doi:10.3389/fmars.2022. 1075510.
Jiang, L.-Q., A. Kozyr, J.M. Relph, E.I. Ronje, L. Kamb, E. Burger, J. Myer, L. Nguyen, K.M. Arzayus, T. Boyer, S. Cross, H. Garcia, P. Hogan, K. Larsen and R.A. Parsons, 2023: The ocean carbon and acidification data system. Scientific Data, 10 (1), 136, doi:10.1038/s41597023-02042-0.
Jiang, L.-Q., Dunne, J., Carter, B. R., Tjiputra, J. F., Terhaar, J., Sharp, J. D., Olsen, A., Alin, S., Bakker, D. C. E., Feely, R. A., Gattuso, J.-P., Hogan, P., Ilyina, T., Lange, N., Lauvset, S. K., Lewis, E. R., Lovato, T., Palmieri, J., Santana-Falcón, Y., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Strand, G., Swart, N., Tanhua, T., Tsujino, H., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, A., and Ziehn, T. (2023). Global surface ocean acidification indicators from 1750 to 2100. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 15, e2022MS003563, doi:10.1029/2022MS003563.
Jiang, L.-Q., Subhas, A., Basso, D., Fennel, K., and Gattuso, J.-P. (2023). Data reporting and sharing for ocean alkalinity enhancement research. State of the Planet, 2-oae2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-13-2023.
Mofokeng, R. P., A. Faltynkova, M. B. Alfonso, I. Boujmil, I. de Carvalho, K. Lunzalu, N. B. M. Zanuri, E. S. Nyadjro, P. S. Puskic, D. Lindsay, K. Willis, T. M. Adyel, C. Serra-Gonçalves, A. Zolich, T. S. Eriksen, H.-C. Evans, D. Gabriel, S. Hajbane, G. Suaria, K. L. Law, and D. Lobelle. 2023. The future of ocean plastics: Designing diverse collaboration frameworks. ICES Journal of Marine Science, fsad055, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad055.
Wang, Z., T. Boyer, J. Reagan, and P. Hogan, 2023: Upper-oceanic warming in the Gulf of Mexico between 1950 and 2020. Journal of Climate, 36 (8), 2721–2734, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-220409.1.
Wang, Z., K. Saha, E.S. Nyadjro, Y. Zhang, B. Huang, and J. Reagan, 2023: Oceanic responses to the winter storm outbreak of February 2021 in the Gulf of Mexico from in situ and satellite observations. Remote Sensing, 15 (12), doi:10.3390/rs15122967.

2022

Blunden, J. and T. Boyer, 2022: State of the climate in 2021. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103 (8), S1–S465. doi:10.1175/2022BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Cheng, L., J. Abraham, K.E. Trenberth, J. Fasullo, T. Boyer, M.E. Mann, J. Zhu, F. Wang, R. Locarnini, Y. Li, B. Zhang, Z. Tan, F. Yu, L. Wan, X. Chen, X. Song, Y. Liu, F. Reseghetti, S. Simoncelli, V. Gouretski, G. Chen, A. Mishonov, and J. Reagan, 2022: Another record: Ocean warming continues through 2021 despite La Niña conditions. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 39 (3), 373–385, doi:10.1007/s00376-0221461-3.
Frazão, H.C.; Prien, R.D.; Schulz-Bull, D.E.; Seidov, D.; Waniek, J.J., 2022: The forgotten Azores Current: A long-term perspective. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.842251.
Gardner, W.D., M.J. Richardson, A.V. Mishonov, P. J. Lam, and Y. Xiang, 2022: Distribution, sources, and dynamics of particulate matter along trans-Arc sections. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 127 (6), e2021JC017970, doi:10.1029/2021JC017970.
Gardner, W.D., M.J. Richardson, A.V. Mishonov, D.A. Bean, and J.C. Herguera, 2022: Nepheloid layers in the deep Gulf of Mexico. Marine Geology, 454, 106950, doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.20 22.106950.
Gouretski, V., L. Cheng, and T. Boyer, 2022: On the consistency of the bottle and CTD profile data. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 39 (12), 1869–1887, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D22-0004.1.
Jiang L.-Q., Pierrot, D., Wanninkhof, R., Feely, R. A., Tilbrook, B., Alin, S., Barbero, L., Byrne, R. H., Carter, B. R., Dickson, A. G., Gattuso, J.-P., Greeley, D., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Karstensen, J., Lange, N., Lauvset, S. K., Lewis, E. R., Olsen, A., Perez, F. F., Sabine, C., Sharp, J. D., Tanhua, T., Trull, T. W., Velo, A., Allegra, A. J., Barker, P., Burger, E., Cai, W.-J., Chen, C.-T. A., Cross, J., Garcia, H., Hernandez-Ayon, J. M., Hu, X., Kozyr, A., Langdon, C., Lee, K., Salisbury, J., Wang, Z. A., Xue, L. (2022). Best practice data standards for discrete chemical oceanographic observations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.705638.
Johnson, G.C., R. Lumpkin, T. Boyer, F. Bringas, I. Ce nić, D.P. Chambers, L. Cheng, S. Dong, R.A. Feely, B. Fox-Kemper, E. Frajka-Williams, B.A. Franz, Y. Fu, M. Gao, J. Garg, J. Gilson, G. Goni, B.D. Hamlington, H.T. Hewi , W.R. Hobbs, Z.Z. Hu, B. Huang, S. Jevrejeva, W.E. Johns, S. Katsunari, J.J. Kennedy, M. Kersalé, R.E. Killick, E. Leuliette, R. Locarnini, M.S. Lozier, J.M. Lyman, M.A. Merrifield, A. Mishonov, G.T. Mitchum, B.I. Moat, R.S. Nerem, D. Notz, R.C. Perez, S.G. Purkey, D. Rayner, J. Reagan, C. Schmid, D.A. Siegel, D.A. Smeed, P.W. Stackhouse, W. Sweet, P.R. Thompson, D.L. Volkov, R. Wanninkhof, R.A. Weller, C. Wen, T.K. Westberry, M.J. Widlansky, J.K. Willis, L. Yu, and H.-M. Zhang, 2022: Global Oceans. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 103 (8), S143S192, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D22-0072.1.
Lauvset, S.K., N. Lange, T. Tanhua, H.C. Bittig, A. Olsen, A. Kozyr, S. Alin, M. Álvarez, K. Azetsu-Sco , L. Barbero, S. Becker, P.J. Brown, B.R. Carter, L.C. da Cunha, R.A. Feely, M. Hoppema, M.P. Humphreys, M. Ishii, E. Jeansson, L.-Q. Jiang, S.D. Jones, C. Lo Monaco, A. Murata, J.D. Müller, F.F. Pérez, B. Pfeil, C. Schirnick, R. Steinfeldt, T. Suzuki, B. Tilbrook, A. Ulfsbo, A. Velo, R.J. Woosley, and R.M. Key, 2022: GLODAPv2.2022: The latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product. Earth System Science Data, 14 (12), 5543–5572, doi:10.5194/essd-145543-2022.
Li, G. Z. Wang and B. Wang, 2022: Multidecade Trends of Sea Surface Temperature, Chlorophyll-a Concentration, and Ocean Eddies in the Gulf of Mexico. Remote Sensing, 14(15), p.3754.
Simoncelli, S., G.M.R. Manzella, A. Storto, A. Pisano, M. Lipizer, A. Barth, V. Myroshnychenko, T. Boyer, C. Troupin, C. Coatanoan, A. Pittito, R. Schlitzer, D.M.A. Schaap, and S. Diggs, 2022: Ch. 4. A collaborative framework among data producers, managers, and users. In: Ocean Science Data. Manzella, G. and A. Novellino, Eds. Elsevier, 197–280, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12823427-3.00001-3.
Wang, Z., H.E. Garcia, T.P. Boyer, J. Reagan, and J. Cebrian, 2022: Controlling factors of the climatological annual cycle of the surface mixed layer oxygen content: A global view. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 1001095, doi:10.3389/fmars.2022. 1001095.
Cronin, M.F., S. Swart, C. A. Marandino, C. Anderson, P. Browne, S. Chen, W. R. Joubert, U. Schuster, R. Venkatesan, C. I. Addey, F. Ardhuin, S. Battle, M. Bourassa, Z. Chen, M. Chory, C. Clayson, R. B. de Souza, M. du Plessis, M. Edmondson, J. Edson, S. T. Gille, J. Hermes, V. Hormann, S. A. Josey, M. Kurz, T. Lee, F. Maicu, E. H. Moustahfid, S.-A. Nicholson, E. S. Nyadjro, J. Palter, R. G. Patterson, S. G. Penny, L. P. Pezzi, N. Pinardi, J. Reeves-Eyre, N. Rome, A. Subramanian, C. Steinbarger, T. Steinhoff, A. J. Sutton, H. Tomita, S. M. Wills, C. Wilson, L. Yu. 2022. Developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) for the global ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 80(2), 367–373, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsac149.
Jenkins, T., B. Persaud, W. C. Cowger, K. Szigeti, D. G. Roche, E. Clary, S. Slowinski, B. Lei, A. Abeynayaka, E. S. Nyadjro, T. Maes, L. T. Hampton, M. Bergmann, J. Aherne, S. A. Mason, J. F. Honek, F. Rezanezhad, A. L. Lusher, A. M. Booth, R. Smith, P. V. Cappellen. 2022. Current State of Microplastic Pollution Research Data: Trends in Availability and Sources of Open Data. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10:912107, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.912107.
Light, C. X., B. K. Arbic, P. E. Martin, L. Brodeau, J. T. Farrar, S. M. Griffies, B. P. Kirtman, L. C. Laurindo, D. Menemenlis, A. Molod, A. D. Nelson, E. S. Nyadjro, A. K. O’Rourke, J. F. Shriver, L. Siqueira, R.J. Small, and E. Strobach. 2022. Effects of grid spacing on high-frequency precipitation variance in coupled high-resolution global ocean-atmosphere models. Climate Dynamics, 59, 2887–2913, doi: 10.1007/s00382-022-06257-6.
Nyadjro, E. S., B. A. K. Foli, K. Agyekum, G. Wiafe, and S. Tsei. 2022. Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Salinity in the NW Gulf of Guinea from SMAP Satellite. Remote Sensing in Earth System Sciences, 5, 83–94, doi: 10.1007/s41976-021-00061-2.
Oschlies A. and H. E. Garcia. Deoxygenation in the open and coastal global ocean. In: IOC-UNESCO. 2022. State of the Ocean Report, pilot edition. Paris, IOC-UNESCO. IOC Technical Series, 173.

2021

Hall, S., B. Subrahmanyam, E. S. Nyadjro, and A. Samuelsen. 2021. Surface freshwater fluxes in the Arctic and Subarctic Seas during contrasting years of high and low summer sea ice extent. Remote Sensing, 13, 1570, doi: 10.3390/rs13081570.
Cowley, R., R.E. Killick, T. Boyer, V. Gouretski, F. Reseghetti, S. Kizu, M.D. Palmer, et al., 2021: International quality-controlled Ocean Database (IQuOD) V0.1: the temperature uncertainty specification. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 689695, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.689695.
Jiang, L.-Q., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Greeley, D., Barbero, L., Alin, S., Carter, B. R., Pierrot, D., Featherstone, C., Hooper, J., Melrose, C., Monacci, N., Sharp, J. D., Shellito, S., Xu, Y.-Y., Kozyr, A., Byrne, R. H., Cai, W.-J., Cross, J., Johnson, G. C., Hales, B., Langdon, C., Mathis, J., Salisbury, J., and Townsend, D. W. (2021). Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA) – an internally consistent data product for discrete inorganic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients on the North American ocean margins. Earth System Science Data, 13(6), 2777–2799, doi: 10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021.
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Ricardo Locarnini, Bin Zhang, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Michael E Mann, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, Jim Reagan, Jiang ZhuCheng, L., J. Abraham, K.E. Trenberth, J. Fasullo, T. Boyer, R. Locarnini, B. Zhang, et al., 2021: Upper ocean temperatures hit record high in 2020. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 38, 523–530 , doi:10.1007/s00376-021-0447-x.
Grégoire, M., V. Garçon, H. Garcia, D. Breitburg, K. Isensee, A. Oschlies, M. Telszewski, A. Barth, H.C. Bi g, J. Carstensen, T. Carval, F. Chai, F. Chavez, D. Conley, L. Coppola, S. Crowe, K. Currie, M. Dai, B. Deflandre, B. Dewi e, R. Diaz, E. GarciaRobledo, D. Gilbert, A. Giorge , R. Glud, D. Gu errez, S. Hosoda, M. Ishii, G. Jacinto, C. Langdon, S.K. Lauvset, L.A. Levin, K.E. Limburg, H. Mehrtens, I. Montes, W. Naqvi, A. Paulmier, B. Pfeil, G. Pitcher, S. Pouliquen, N. Rabalais, C. Rabouille, V. Recape, M. Roman, K. Rose, D. Rudnick, J. Rummer, C. Schmech g, S. Schmidtko, B. Seibel, C. Slomp, U.R. Sumalia, T. Tanhua, V. Thierry, H. Uchida, R. Wanninkhof, and M. Yasuhara, 2021: A global ocean oxygen database and Atlas for assessing and predicting deoxygenation and ocean health in the open and coastal ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, 724913, doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.72 4913.
Johnson, G.C., J. Reagan, J.M. Lyman, T. Boyer, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini (2021): Salinity [in “State of the Climate in 2020, Global Oceans”]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(8), S159–S164, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0083.1.
Johnson, G.C., J.M. Lyman, T. Boyer, L. Cheng, J. Gilson, M. Ishii, R.E. Killick, and S.G. Purkey, 2021: Ocean heat content [in “State of the Climate in 2020, Global Oceans”]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(8), S156–S159, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0083.1.
Lotterhos, K. E, Láruson, A. J., and Jiang, L-Q. (2021). Novel and disappearing climates in the global surface ocean from 1800 to 2100. Nature Scientific Reports, 11, http://nature.com/articles/s41598-021-94872-4.
Mesick, S., Z. Wang, A. Mishonov, T. Boyer, and H.-M. Zhang, 2020: Incorporating discrete unmanned maritime system data collections into NCEI synthesized data products. Global Oceans 2020: Singapore–US Gulf Coast, 1–8, doi:10.1109/IEEECONF38699.2020.9389421.
Nyadjro, E.S., Z. Wang, J. Reagan, J. Cebrian, and J.F. Shriver, 2021: Bio-physical changes in the Gulf of Mexico during the 2018 Hurricane Michael. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 19, 1–5, doi:10.1109/LGRS.2021.3068600.
Nyadjro, E. S. 2021. Impacts of the 2019 strong IOD and monsoon events on Indian Ocean Sea Surface Salinity. Remote Sensing in Earth System Sciences, 4, 158–171, doi:10.1007/s41976-021-00054-1.
Reagan, J., T. Boyer, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini (2021): Subsurface Salinity [in “State of the Climate in 2020, Global Oceans”]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(8), S162–S164, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0083.1.
Seidov, D., 2021: Beyond Global Warming: How Numerical Models Reveal the Secrets of Climate Change. by Syukuro Manabe and Anthony J. Broccoli. Quarterly Review of Biology, 96(3), 230, doi:10.1086/716117.
Seidov, D., A. Mishonov, and R. Parsons, 2021: Recent warming and decadal variability of Gulf of Maine and slope water. Limnology and Oceanography, 66(9), 3472–3488, doi:10.1002/lno.11892.
Xue, L., Cai, W.-J., Jiang, L.-Q., Wei, Q. (2021). Why are surface ocean pH and CaCO3 saturation state often out of phase in spatial patterns and seasonal cycles Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 35, doi:10.1029/2021GB006949.

2020

Blunden, J. and T. Boyer, Eds., 2020: State of the Climate in 2020. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(8), S1–S475, doi:10.1175/2021BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Cai, W.-J., Xu, Y.-Y., Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Jönsson, B., Alin, S. R., Barbero, L., Cross, J. N., Azetsu-Scott, K., Fassbender, A. J., Carter, B. R., Jiang, L.-Q., Pepin, P., Chen, B., Hussain, N., Reimer, J. J., Xue, L., Salisbury, J. E., Hernández-Ayón, J. M., Langdon, C., Li, Q., Sutton, A. J., Chen, C.-T. A., Gledhill, D. K. (2020). Controls on surface water carbonate chemistry along North American ocean margins. Nature Communications, 11(1), doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16530-z.
Cheng, L., J. Abraham, J. Zhu, K. E. Trenberth, J. Fasullo, T. Boyer, R. Locarnini, B. Zhang, F. Yu, L. Wan, X. Chen, X. Song, Y. Liu, and M. E. Mann, 2020: “Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019.” Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 37 (2), 137-142, doi: 10.1007/ s00376-020-9283-7.
Johnson, G. C., J. M. Lyman, T. Boyer, L. Cheng, C. M. Domingues, J. Gilson, M. Ishii, R. E. Killick, D. Monselesan, S. G. Purkey, and S. E. Wijffels, 2020: Ocean heat content [in “State of the Climate in 2019”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101 (8), S140–S144, doi: 10.1175/ BAMS-D-20-0105.1.
Johnson, G. C., J. Reagan, J. M. Lyman, T. Boyer, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini, 2020: Salinity [in “State of the Climate in 2019”]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101 (8), S144–S148, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0105.1.
Goes, M., G. Goni, S. Dong, T. Boyer, and M. Baringer, 2020: The complementary value of XBT and Argo observations to monitor ocean boundary currents and meridional heat and volume transports: A case study in the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 37(12), 2267–2282, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0027.1.
Lauvset, S. K., Carter, B. R., Pèrez, F. F., Jiang, L.-Q., Feely, R. A., Velo, A., and Olsen, A. (2020). Processes driving global interior ocean pH distribution. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(1), doi:10.1029/2019gb006229.
Paver, C. R., L. A. Codispoti, V. J. Coles, and L. W. Cooper, 2020: “Sampling errors arising from carousel entrainment and insufficient flushing of oceanographic sampling bottles.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 18 (7), 311-326, doi:10.1002/ lom3.10368.
Seth G. John, Hengdi Liang, Tom Weber, Tim DeVries, Francois Primeau, Keith Moore, Mark Holzer, Natalie Mahowald, Wilford Gardner, Alexey Mishonov, Mary Jo Richardson, Yannice Faugere, Guillaume Taburet, 2020. AWESOME OCIM: A simple, flexible, and powerful tool for modeling elemental cycling in the oceans. Chemical Geology, Volume 533, 2020, 119403, ISSN 0009-2541, doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119403.
Xue, L., Yang, X., Li, Y., Li, L., Jiang, L.-Q., Xin, M., Wang, Z., Sun, X., and Wei, Q. (2020). Processes controlling sea surface pH and aragonite saturation state in a large northern temperate bay: Contrasting temperature effects. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(7), doi:10.1029/2020jg005805.

2019

Huang, Boyin, M. J. Menne, T. Boyer, E. Freeman, B. E. Gleason, J. H. Lawrimore, C. Liu, J. J. Rennie, C. J. Schreck III, F. Sun, R. Vose, C. N. Williams, X. Yin, and H.-M. Zhang. 2020. “Uncertainty Estimates for Sea Surface Temperature and Land Surface Air Temperature in NOAA Global Temp Version 5.” Journal of Climate 33 (4):1351-1379. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-19-0395.1.
Jiang, L.-Q., Carter, B., Feely, R. A., Lauvset, S., and Olsen, A. (2019). Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present, and future. Nature Scientific Reports, 9, 18624, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4.
Mishonov, Alexey, D. Seidov, and J. Reagan. 2019. “Decadal Variability Of The Gulf Stream North Wall Position And Its Connection To Ocean Heat Content.” Earth and Space Science Open Archive, doi: 10.1002/essoar.10501056.1.
Seidov, Dan, A. V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, and A. R. Parsons. 2019. “Eddy-resolving in situ ocean climatologies of temperature and salinity in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124, 41–58, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014548.
Seidov, Dan, A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, and R. Parsons. 2019. “Resilience of the Gulf Stream path on decadal and longer timescales.” Scientific Reports 9 (1):11549, doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48011-9.
Turk, D., Wang, H., Hu, X., Gledhill, D. K., Wang, Z. A., Jiang, L.-Q., and Cai, W.-J. (2019). Time of emergence of surface ocean carbon dioxide trends in the North American coastal margins in support of ocean acidification observing system design. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00091.

2018

Cheng, L., …, T. Boyer, et al., 2018: Taking the pulse of the planet. Eos, 98, 14–16, doi: 10.1029/2017EO081839.
Gardner, W.D., M. J. Richardson, and A.V. Mishonov, 2018: Global assessment of benthic nepheloid layers and linkage with upper ocean dynamics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 482, 126–134, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.008.
Huang, B., W. Angel, T. Boyer, L. Cheng, G. Chepurin, E. Freeman, C. Liu, and H. Zhang, 2018: Evaluating SST Analyses with Independent Ocean Profile Observations. Journal of Climate, 31, 5015–5030, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0824.1.
Reagan, J., D. Seidov and T. Boyer, 2018: Water vapor transfer and near-surface salinity contrasts in the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature Scientific Reports, 8, Article 8830, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27052-6.
Seidov, D., A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, O. Baranova, S. Cross, and R. Parsons, 2018: Regional climatology of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean—high-resolution mapping of ocean structure and change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99, 2129–2138, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0205.1.
Zweng, M. M., Boyer, T. P., Baranova, O. K., Reagan, J. R., Seidov, D., and Smolyar, I. V., 2018: An inventory of Arctic Ocean data in the World Ocean Database. Earth System Science Data, 10, 677–687, doi: 10.5194/essd-10-677-2018.
Wilford D. Gardner, Mary Jo Richardson, Alexey V. Mishonov, Pierre E. Biscaye, 2018. Global comparison of benthic nepheloid layers based on 52 years of nephelometer and transmissometer measurements, Progress in Oceanography, Volume 168, 2018, Pages 100-111, ISSN 0079-6611, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09.008.
Wilford D. Gardner, Mary Jo Richardson, Alexey V. Mishonov, 2018. Global assessment of benthic nepheloid layers and linkage with upper ocean dynamics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 482, 2018, Pages 126-134, ISSN 0012-821X, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.008.

2017

Cheng, L., K. Trenberth, J. Fasullo, T. Boyer, et al., 2017: Improved estimates of ocean heat content from 1960-2015. Science Advances, 3, e1601545, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601545.
Garcia, H.E., et al., 2017: Oceanographic data and information management and exchange. In: Global Ocean Science Report—The Current Status of Ocean Science Around the World, L. Valdés et al. (Eds). Paris, UNESCO, pp. 126–145. [Available online at http://en.unesco.org/gosr.]
Gardner, W. D., Mishonov, A. V., Richardson, M. J. Decadal Comparisons of Particulate Matter in Repeat Transects in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Ocean Basins, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(1), SN - 0094-8276, doi: 10.1002/2017GL076571.
Seidov, D., A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, and R. Parsons (2017) : Multidecadal variability and climate shift in the North Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 49854993; doi:10.1002/2017GL073644.
Wang, G., L. Cheng, T. Boyer, and C. Li, 2017: Halosteric sea level changes during the Argo era. Water, 9, 484, doi:10.3390/w9070484.

2016

Boyer, T., et al., 2016: Sensitivity of global upper ocean heat content estimates to mapping methods, XBT bias correction, and baseline climatologies. Journal of Climate, 29, 4817–4842, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0801.1.
Cheng, L., …, and T. Boyer, et al., 2016: XBT science: Assessment of instrumental biases and errors. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97, 924–933, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00031.1.
Jiang, L.-Q., K.M. Arzayus,…, H. Garcia,…, B. Beck, et al., 2016: How to document ocean acidification data. Limnology and Oceanography: e-Lectures, 6, 1–29, doi: 10.1002/loe2.10004.
Pendleton, L., Comte, A., Langdon, C., Ekstrom, J. A., Cooley, S. R., Suatoni, L., Beck, M. W., Brander, L. M., Burke, L., Cinner, J. E., Doherty, C., Edwards, P. E., Gledhill, D., Jiang, L.-Q., van Hooidonk, R. J., Teh, L., Waldbusser, G. G., and Ritter, J. (2016). Coral reefs and people in a high-CO2 world: Where can science make a difference to people? PLOS ONE, 11(11), doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164699.
Xue, L., Wang, H., Jiang, L.-Q., Cai, W.-J., Wei, Q., Song, H., Kuswardani, R. T., Pranowo, W. S., Beck, B., Liu, L., and Yu, W. (2016). Aragonite saturation state in a monsoonal upwelling system off Java, Indonesia. Journal of Marine Systems, 153, 10–17, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.08.003.
Xue, L., Cai, W.-J., Hu, X., Sabine, C., Jones, S., Sutton, A. J., Jiang, L.-Q., and Reimer, J. J. (2016). Sea surface carbon dioxide at the Georgia Time Series Site (2006–2007): Air-sea flux and controlling processes. Progress in Oceanography, 140, 14–26, doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.09.008.
Yan, X.-H., T. Boyer, K. Trenberth, T.R. Karl, S.-P. Xie, V. Nieves, K.-K. Tung, and D. Roemmich, 2016: The Global Warming Hiatus: Slowdown or Redistribution? Earth’s Future, 4, 472–482, doi: 10.1002/2016EF000417.

2015

Garcia, H.E., C. Cosca, A. Kozyr, E. Mayorga, C. Chandler, R.W. Thomas, K. OBrien, W. Appeltans, S. Hankin, J.A. Newton, A. Gutierrez, J.-P. Gattuso, L. Hansson, M. Zweng, and B. Pfeil, 2015 : Data management strategy to improve global use of ocean acidification data and information, Oceanography, v 28, n 2, p. 226-228; doi 10.5670/oceanog.2015.45, Online reprint pdf*.
Seidov, D., J. I. Antonov, K. M. Arzayus, O. K. Baranova, M. Biddle, T. P. Boyer, D. R. Johnson, A. V. Mishonov, C. Paver and M. M. Zweng, 2015 : Oceanography North of 600N from World Ocean Database, Progress in Oceanography, v 132, p. 153-173; doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.02.003*, Special Issue of Progress in Oceanography
Yashayaev, I., D. Seidov and E. Demirov, 2015 : A new collective view of oceanography of the Arctic and North Atlantic basins, Progress in Oceanography, v 132, p. 1-21; doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.12.012, Special Issue of Progress in Oceanography
Yashayaev, I. and D. Seidov, 2015 : The role of the Atlantic Water in multidecadal ocean variability in the Nordic and Barents Seas, Progress in Oceanography, v 132, p. 68-127; doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.009, Special Issue of Progress in Oceanography

2014

Boyer, T.P., H. E. Garcia, R. A. Locarnini, M. M. Zweng, A. V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, J. I. Antonov, O. K. Baranova, M. M. Biddle, D. R. Johnson and C. R. Paver, 2014 : 2013 World Ocean Atlas Aids High-Resolution Climate Studies, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 95, 41, 369-370, doi:10.1002/2014EO410002. Online reprint pdf*
Boyer, T., J. Antonov, J. Reagan, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini, 2014 : [Subsurface salinity] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2013], Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 95, S62-S65, doi:10.1175/2014BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Cheng, L., Zhu, J., R. Cowley, T. Boyer, and S. Wijffels, 2014 : Time, probe type, and temperature variable bias corrections to historical expendable bathythermograph observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , 31, 17931825., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00197.1.
Johnson, G. C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, S. A. Good, C. M. Domingues, and N. Bindoff, 2014 : [Ocean Heat Content] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2013]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 95 (7), 54-57.
Reagan, J., T. Boyer, J. Antonov, and M. Zweng, 2014 : Comparison analysis between Aquarius sea surface salinity and World Ocean Database in situ analyzed sea surface salinity, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 81228140, doi:10.1002/2014JC009961.
Xie, T., T. Boyer, E. Bayler, Y. Xue, D. Byrne, J. Reagan, R. Locarnini, F. Sun, R. Joyce, and A. Kumar, 2014 : An in situ - satellite blended analysis of global sea surface salinity. J. Geophy. Res. Oceans, 119, 6140 - 6160, doi:10.1002/2014JC010046. Online reprint pdf (5.2 MB).

2013

Abraham, J.P., M. Baringer, N.L. Bindoff, T. Boyer, L.J. Cheng, J.A. Church, J.L. Conroy, C.M. Domingues, J.T. Fasullo, J. Gilson, G. Goni, S.A. Good, J. M. Gorman, V. Gouretski, M. Ishii, G.C. Johnson, S. Kizu, J.M. Lyman, A. M. Macdonald, W.J. Minkowycz, S.E. Moffitt, M.D. Palmer, A.R. Piola, F. Reseghetti, K. Schuckmann,K.E. Trenberth, I. Velicogna, J.K. Willis, 2013 : A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 51, pp 450-483 available online*.
Boyer, T. P., Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, J. R. Reagan, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini, 2013 : [Subsurface salinity] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2012] Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 94 (8), 60-62.
Cowley, R., S. Wijffels, L. Cheng, T. Boyer, S. Kizu, 2013 : Biases in Expendable Bathythermograph data: A new view based on historical side-by-side comparisons. Journal of Oceanic and Atmospheric Technology, , 30, 1195-1225
Johnson, G. C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, S. Levitus, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, S. A. Good, C. M. Domingues, S. Wijffels, and N. Bindoff, 2013 : [Ocean Heat Content] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2012]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 94 (8), 50-53.
Kurian, N., M. Lengaigne, G.V. Vissa, J. Vialard, S. Pous, A.-C. Peter, F. Durand, S. Naik, 2013 : Processes of India's offshore summer intraseasonal sea surface temperature variability. Ocean Dyn. , doi:10.1007/s10236-013-0604-6.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, O. K. Baranova, T. P. Boyer, C. L. Coleman, H. E. Garcia, A. I. Grodsky, D. R. Johnson, R. A. Locarnini, A. V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, C. L. Sazama, D. Seidov, I. Smolyar, E. S. Yarosh, and M. M. Zweng, 2013 : The World Ocean Database In, Special Issue of the Proceedings of the 1st WDS Conference in Kyoto, 3 - 6 September 2011, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Data Science Journal , v.3, 229-234, available online*.
Levitus, S., G. Matishov, I. Smolyar, O. K Baranova, M. M. Zweng, T. Tielking, N. Mikhailov, S. Kizu, F. Nast, G. Reed, R. Keeley, L. Rickards, A. Korablev, 2013: World War II (1939-1945) Oceanographic Observations. Data Science Journal , 12, 102-157. Available online pdf.*

2012

Gleckler, P. J., B. D. Santer, C. M. Domingues, D. W. Pierce, T. P. Barnett, J. A. Church, K. E. Taylor, K. M. AchutaRao, T. Boyer, M. Ishii and P. M. Caldwell, 2012 : Human-induced global ocean warming on multidecadal timescales. Nature Climate Change, Nature Climate Change, published online, , doi:10.1038/nclimate1553.
Gouretski, V., J. Kennedy, A. Kohl, T. Boyer, 2012 : Consistent near-surface ocean warming since 1900 in two largely independent observing networks, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 39, L19606, doi:10.1029/2012GL052975.
Johnson, G. C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, S. Levitus, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, and S. A. Good, 2012 : [Ocean heat content] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2011]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 93 (7), S62-S64.
Levitus, S., 2012 : The UNESCO/IOC/IODE Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) project CODATA Data Sci. J. , 11, 46-71. Online reprint pdf.
Levitus, S., 2012 : Sea level change results from the IPCC 2007 Report and subsequent results, In Sea level rise and coastal infrastructure: Prediction, risks, and solutions, American Society of Civil Engineers Council on Disaster Risk Management , Monograph No. 6, eds. B. M. Ayyub and M. S. Kearney, 20-27.
Boyer, T.P., Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, J. R. Reagan, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini, 2012: [Subsurface salinity] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2011]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 93 (7), S72-S75.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, O. K. Baranova, H. E. Garcia, R. A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, D. Seidov, E. S. Yarosh, M. M. Zweng, 2012: World Ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m) 1955-2010. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 39, L10603, doi:10.1029/2012GL051106. Online version, data access, pdf.
Xue, Y., M. A. Balmaseda, T. Boyer, N. Ferry, S. Good, I. Ishikawa, A. Kumar, M. Rienecker, A.J. Rosati, and Y. Yin, 2012 : A comparative analysis of upper-ocean heat content variability from an ensemble of operational ocean reanalyses. J. Climate , 6905-6929, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00542.1.

2011

Boyer, T. P., V. V. Gopalakrishna, F. Reseghetti, A. Naik, V. Suneel, M. Ravichandran, N. P. Mohammed Ali, M. M. Rafeeq, and R. A. Chico, 2011 : Investigation of XBT and XCTD biases in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal with implications for climate studies, J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech. , 28, doi:10.1175/2010JTECHO784.1, 266-286.
Giese, B. S., G. A. Chepurin, J. A. Carton, T. P. Boyer, and H. F. Seidel. 2011 : Impact of Bathythermograph Temperature Bias Models on an Ocean Reanalysis, J. Clim. , 24, 84-93.
Johnson, G.C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, S. Levitus, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, 2011 : Ocean heat content, Global Oceans (in State of the Climate in 2010). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 92 (6), 81-84.
Levitus, S., J. Antonov, T. Boyer, J. Reagan, C. Schmid, 2011 : Subsurface salinity, Global Oceans (in State of the Climate in 2010). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 92 (6), 88-92.

2010

Auladell, M., J. L. Pelegri, A. Garcia-Olivares, A. D. Kirwan, B. L. Lipphardt, J. M. Martin, A. Pascual, P. Sangra, and M. Zweng, 2010: Modelling the early evolution of a Loop Current ring, J. Mar. Syst, , 80 (3-4), 160-171.
Glover, D. M., P. H. Wiebe, and C. L. Chandler, and S. Levitus, 2010: IOC Contributions to International, Interdisciplinary Open Data Sharing. Oceanography , 23 (3), 97-107. Online reprint pdf.
Gopalakrishna, V.V., F. Durand, K. Nisha, M. Lengaigne, T.P. Boyer, J. Costa, R.R. Rao, M. Ravichandran, S. Amrithash, L. John, K. Girish, C. Ravichandran, V. Suneel, 2010: Observed intra-seasonal to interannual variability of the upper ocean thermal structure in the southeastern Arabian Sea during 2002-2008, Deep-Sea Res. I , doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.010.
Palmer, M. D., Antonov, J., Barker, P., Bindoff, N., Boyer, T., Carson, M., Domingues, C. M., Gille, S., Gleckler, P., Good, S., Gouretski, V., Guinehut, S., Haines, K., Harrison, D.E., Ishii, M., Johnson, G. C., Levitus, S., Lozier, M. S., Lyman, J. M., Meijers, A., von Schuckmann, K., Smith, d., Wijffels, S., Willis, J., 2010: Future observations for monitoring global ocean heat content. In Proceedings of OceanObs09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2) , Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009 Hall, J., Harrison, D. E. & Stammer, D., Eds. ESA WPP 306, doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp68. Online reprint pdf*.

2009

Helber, R. W., A. B. Kara, C. N. Barron, and T. P. Boyer, 2009: Mixed layer depth in the Aegean, Marmara, Black and Azov Seas: Part II: Relation to the sonic layer depth. J. Mar. Sys., 78:S181-S190.
Kara, A. B., R. W. Helber, T. P. Boyer, and J. B. Elsner, 2009: Mixed layer depth in the Aegean, Marmara, Black and Azov Seas: Part I: General features. J. Mar. Sys., 78:S169-S180.
Kara, A.B., C.N. Barron, and T.P. Boyer, 2009: Evaluations of SST climatologies in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C02021, doi:10.1029/2008JC004909.
Levitus, S., J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, H.E. Garcia, and A.V. Mishonov, 2009: Global Ocean Heat Content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36, L07608, doi:10.1029/2008GL037155. Online version, data access.
Levitus, S., G. Matishov, D. Seidov, I. Smolyar, 2009: Barents Sea Multidecadal Variability Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36, L19604, doi:10.1029/2009GL039847.
Peterson, T. C, et. al., 2009: State of the Climate in 2008. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 90, S13-+.
Son, Y. B., W.D. Gardner, A.V. Mishonov, and M.J. Richardson, 2009: Multispectral remote sensing algorithms for particulate organic carbon (POC): the Gulf of Mexico, Remote Sensing of the Environment, 113, 50-61.
Son, Y. B., W.D. Gardner, A.V. Mishonov, and M.J. Richardson, 2009: Model-based remote sensing algorithms for particulate organic carbon (POC) in the North-eastern Gulf of Mexico, J. Earth Sys. Sci., 118 (1), 1-10.

2008

Haupt, B.J., and D. Seidov, 2008: The Miocene Climate at 20 and 14 Ma: A model study with the focus on freshwater, EOS Trans. AGU. Fall Meet Suppl. , 89 (7), Abstract PP11A-1370.
Karageorgis, A.P., W.D. Gardner, D.Georgopoulos, A.V. Mishonov, E.Krasakopoulou and C. Anagnostou, 2008: Particle dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: A synthesis based on light transmission, PMC, and POC archives (1991-2001), Deep-Sea Res., 55(2):177-202. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.002.
Lipphardt, B. L., A. C. Poje, A. D. Kirwan, L. Kantha, and M. Zweng, 2008: Death of three Loop Current rings. J. Mar. Res, 66 (1), 25-60.
Matishov, G. G., D. G. Matishov, S. V. Berdnikov, V. V. Sorokina, S. Levitus, I. V. Smolyar, 2008: Secular climate fluctuations in the Sea of Azov region (based on thermohaline data over 120 years. Doklady Earth Sciences, 422 (7),1101-1104.
Seidov, D., 2008: Heat transport, oceanic and atmospheric, in Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, V. Gornitz (Ed.), pp. 407-409, Springer, NY.

2007

Anonymous Bull. Amer. Meteor Soc.,88(1), p. 21.
Bindoff, N.L., J. Willebrand, V. Artale, A. Cazenave, J. Gregory, S. Gulev, K. Hanawa, C. Le Quéré, S. Levitus, Y. Nojiri, C.K. Shum, L. D. Talley, and U. Unnikrishnan, 2007: Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Maquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Boyer, T., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, R. Locarnini, A. Mishonov, H. Garcia, and S. A. Josey, 2007: Changes in freshwater content in the North Atlantic Ocean 1955 - 2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16603, doi:10.1029/2007GL030126.
Haupt, B. J. and D. Seidov, 2007: Strengths and weaknesses of the global ocean conveyor: Inter-basin freshwater disparities as the major control. Prog. Oceanogr., 73, 358-369. Online reprint pdf.
Jiao, N., Y. Zhang, Y. Zeng, W. D. Gardner, A. V. Mishonov, M. J. Richardson, N. Hong, D. Pan, Z.-H. Yan, Y.-H. Jo, C.-T. Arthur Chen, P. Wang, Y. Chen. H. Hong, Y. Bai, X. Chen, B. Huang, H. Deng, Y. Shi, D. Yang, 2007:Ecological anomalies in the East China Sea: Impacts of the Three Gorges Dam? Water Res., 41, p. 1287-1293. Online reprint pdf.
Stouffer, R. J., D. Seidov, and B. J. Haupt, 2007: Climate Response to External Sources of Freshwater: North Atlantic versus the Southern Ocean. J. Clim., 20, 436-448. Online reprint pdf.

2006

Gardner, W.D., Mishonov, A.V., Richardson, M.J., 2006: Global POC concentrations from in-situ and satellite data. Deep-Sea Res. II., 53, 718-740, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.029.

2005

Antonov, J. I., S. Levitus, and T. P. Boyer, 2005: Thermosteric sea level rise, 1955-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12602, doi:10.1029/2005GL023112. Online reprint pdf.
Boyer, T.P., J. I. Antonov, S. Levitus, R. Locarnini, 2005: Linear trends of salinity for the World Ocean, 1955-1998. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 32, L01604, doi:1029:2004GL021791. Online reprint pdf.
Boyer, T., S. Levitus, H. Garcia, R. A. Locarnini, C. Stephens, J. Antonov, 2005: Objective analyses of annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and salinity for the world ocean on a 0.25 degree grid. Int. J. Clim., 25, 931-945.
Garcia, H. E., T. P. Boyer, S. Levitus, R. A. Locarnini, and J. I. Antonov, 2005: Climatological annual cycle of upper ocean oxygen content anomaly. Geophys. Res. Lett. , V. 32, L09604, doi:10.1029/2004GL022286. Online reprint pdf.
Garcia, H. E., T. P. Boyer, S. Levitus, R. A. Locarnini, and J. I. Antonov, 2005: On the variability of dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization content for the upper world ocean: 1955 to 1998. Geophys. Res. Lett. , L05611, doi:10.1029/2004GL021745. Online reprint pdf.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, 2005: Warming of the World Ocean, 1955-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 32, L02604, doi:10.1029GL021592. Online reprint pdf.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, H. E. Garcia, and R. A. Locarnini, 2005: Linear trends of zonally averaged thermosteric, halosteric, and steric sea level changes for individual ocean basins and the world ocean, (1955-1959)-(1994-1998). Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16601, doi:1029/2005GL023761.
Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, H. E. Garcia, and R. Locarnini, 2005: EOF analysis of upper ocean heat content, 1956-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18607, doi:10.1029/2005GL023606.
Levitus, S., S. Sato, C. Maillard, N. Mikhailov, P. Caldwell, and H. Dooley, 2005: Building Ocean Profile-Plankton Databases for Climate and Ecosystem Research, NOAA Tech. Report NESDIS 117, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 29 pp. Online reprint pdf.
Matishov, G. G., A.N. Zuev, V. A. Golubev, S. Levitus, I. Smolyar, 2005: Mega database on oceanography and biology of the western Arctic region, Doklady Earth Sciences, 401, 343-346.
Rixen, M., J.-M. Beckers, S. Levitus, J. Antonov, T. Boyer, C. Maillard, M. Fichaut, E. Balapoulos, S. Iona, H. Dooley, M.-J. Garcia, B. Manca, A. Giorgetti, G. Manzella, N. Mikhaolov, N. Pinardi, M. Zavatarelli, and the MEDAR Consortium, 2005. The western Mediterranean Deep water: A proxy for climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12608, doi:10.1029/2005GL022702.
Zawada, D. G., R. R. V. Zaneveld, E. Boss, W. D. Gardner, M. J. Richardson, A. V. Mishonov, 2005: A comparison of hydrographically and optically derived mixed layer depths. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, C11001, doi:1029/2004JC002417.

2004

Antonov, J. I., S. Levitus, T. P. Boyer , 2004: Climatological annual cycle of ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, doi:1029/2003GL018851 Online reprint pdf.
Smolyar, I. V. and T. G. Bromage, 2004: Discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern: a formalization of the 2D anisotropic structure. ICES J. Mar. Sci., doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.013.

2003

Conkright, M.E., W.W. Gregg, 2003: Comparison of chlorophyll climatologies: in situ, CZCS, blended in situ-CZCS, and SeaWiFS. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 24, 969-991.
Gregg, W. W., M. E. Conkright, P. Ginoux, J. E. O' Reilly,N. W. Casey, 2003: Ocean primary production and climate: Global decadal changes, 30(15), doi:10.1029/2003GL016889.
Lueker, T., S. Walker, M. Vollmer, R. Keeling, C. Nevison, R. Weiss, H. Garcia, 2003: Coastal upwelling air-sea fluxes revealed in atmospheric observations of O2/N2, CO2, and N2O, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016615.
Oguma, S., T. Suzuki, S. Levitus, Y. Nagata, 2003: Skewed occurrence frequency of water temperature and salinity in the subarctic regions. J. Oceanogr., 59, 921-929
Smolyar, I., Adrov, N. 2003: The quantitative definition of the Barents Sea Atlantic Water: mapping of the annual climatic cycle and interannual variability, ICES J. of Marine Science, 60: 836-845 Online reprint pdf.

2002

Antonov J.I., S. Levitus and T. Boyer, 2002: Steric sea level variations during 1957-1994: Importance of salinity. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 107, C12, 8013-8021 Online reprint pdf
Boyer, T. P. and S. Levitus, 2002: Harmonic analysis of climatological sea surface salinity. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 8006, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000829.
Garcia M., I. Blade, A. Cruzado, Z. Velasquez, H. Garcia, J. Puigdefabregas, and J. Sospedra, 2002: Observed variability of water properties and transports on the World Ocean Circulation Experiment SR1b section across the Antarctic Circumpolar current. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 107, C10 Online reprint pdf.

2001

Garcia, H. E., R. E. Keeling, 2001: On the global oxygen anomaly and air-sea flux. J. Geophys. Res. , 106, C12, 31155-31166. Online reprint pdf.
Gregg, W. W., M. E. Conkright, 2001: Global seasonal climatologies of ocean chlorophyll: Blending in situ and satellite data for the Coastal Zone Color Scanner era. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans. , 106, 2499-2515. Online reprint pdf
Levitus, S., J. Antonov, J. Wang, T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, A. J. Broccoli,2001:Anthropogenic warming of earth's climate system. Science, 292, 267-270.
Murphy, P. P., Y. Nojiri, D. E. Harrison, 2001: Scales of spatial variability for ocean pCO2 in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea: toward a sampling strategy. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1047-1050.
Stephens, C., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, T.P. Boyer ,2001: On the Pacific Ocean regime shift. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 19, 3721-3724. Online reprint pdf.

2000

Conkright, M.E., W.W. Gregg, and S. Levitus, 2000: Seasonal cycle of phosphate in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Res.,I 47, 159-175.
Levitus, S., J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, C. Stephens, 2000: Warming of the World Ocean. Science, 287, 2225-2229. Online reprint abstract, full text.
Loukos, H., F. Vivier, P. P. Murphy, D. E. Harrison, C. Le Quere, 2000: Interannual variability of equatorial Pacific CO2 fluxes estimated from temperature and salinity data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1735.

1999

Boyer, T.P., M. Conkright, and S. Levitus, 1999: Seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen and percent oxygen saturation in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep-Sea Res., 46, 1593-1613.

1998

Belkin, I.M., S. Levitus, J.I. Antonov, and S.-A. Malmberg, 1998: "Great Salinity Anomalies" in the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr.,1998,41(1),1-68.

1997

Belkin, I., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., and S.-A. Malmberg, 1997: On the North Atlantic "Great Salinity Anomalies", ICES CM 1997/R:05, 42 pp.
Sackett, W.M., and M.E. Conkright, 1997: Summary and re-evaluation of the high temperature isotope geochemistry of methane. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 1941-1952.
Smolyar, I., and N. Adrov, 1997: Annual and interannual cycles of the Atlantic Water in the Barents Sea.ICES CM,1997/R:12, 142p.
Zhang, R-H., and S. Levitus, 1997: Structure and cycle of decadal variability of upper ocean temperature in the North Pacific. J. Climate, 10, 710-727.
Zhang, R-H., and S. Levitus, 1997: Interannual variability of the coupled tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 10, 1312-1330.

1996

Belkin, I.M., and S. Levitus, 1996: Temporal variability of the Subarctic front Near the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,101, 28317-28324.
Belkin, I.M., and A.L. Gordon ,1996: Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich Meridian to Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans., 101, 3675-3696.
Levitus, S., and J. Antonov, X. Zhou, H. Dooley, K. Selemenov, V.Tereschenkov, 1996: Decadal-Scale Variability of the North Atlantic Ocean. Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales. National Academy of Sciences Press, 318-324.

1995

Isayev, G., and S. Levitus, 1995: A diagnosis of the North Atlantic horizontal and vertical circulation with error estimates. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 100, 6795-6815.
Karl T.R., V.E. Derr, D.R. Easterling, C.K. Folland, D.J. Hofmann, S. Levitus, N. Nicholls, D.E. Parker, G. Withee, 1995: Critical Issues for Long-term Climate Monitoring. Climatic Change: Special Issue on Long-term Climate Monitoring, 31, 185-221.
Levitus, S., and J. Antonov, 1995: Observational evidence of interannual to decadal scale variability of the temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean. Climatic Change: Special Issue on Long-term Climate Monitoring, 31, 495-514.
Zhang, R-H. and S. Levitus, 1996: Structure and evolution of interannual variability of the tropical Pacific upper ocean temperature. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 101, 20501-20524.

1994

Greatbatch, R., A.F. Fanning, A.D. Goulding, A. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1994: Model-Calculated Seasonal Transport Variations through the Florida Straits: A Comparison Using Different Wind Stress Climatologies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 30-45.
Levitus, S., J. Antonov, and T. Boyer, 1994: Interannual variability of temperature at a depth of 125 m in the North Atlantic Ocean. Science, 266, 96-99. Online reprint pdf.
Reverdin, G., D. Cayan, H.D. Dooley, D.J. Ellett, S. Levitus, Y. DuPenhoat, and A. Dessier, 1994: Surface salinity of the North Atlantic: Can we reconstruct its fluctuations over the last one hundred years. Prog. Oceanogr. 33,303-346.
Stathoplos, L. and Tuross, N., 1994: Proteins and DNA from modern planktonic foraminifera. J. Foraminiferal Res., 24, 49-59.

1993

Antonov, J.I., 1993: Linear Trends of Temperature at Intermediate and Deep Layers of the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean: 1957-1981. J. Climate, 6, 1928-1942.
Levitus, S., M. Conkright, J.L. Reid, R. Najjar, and A. Mantyla,1993: Global Distributions of Silicate, Nitrate, and Phosphate in the World Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 31, 3, 245-273.
Stathoplos, L. and Hare, P. E. 1993: Bleaching removes amino acids from deep sea planktonic foraminiferal shells. J. Foraminiferal Res., 23(2), >102-107.
Tuross, N. and Stathoplos, L., 1993: Ancient Proteins in Fossil Bones. Methods in Enzymology, 224, 121-129.

1992

Conkright, M.E. and W.M. Sackett, 1992: Stable carbon isotope changes during the maturation of organic matter. In: Productivity, Accumulation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Recent and Ancient Sediments, J. Whelan and J. Farrington, eds., Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 403-414.
Levitus, S., and G. Isayev, 1992: A Polynomial Approximation to the International Equation of State for Seawater. J. Ocean Atmosph. Tech., 9, 705-707.

1991

Greatbatch, R., A.F. Fanning, A.D. Goulding, and S. Levitus, 1991: A Diagnosis of Interpentadal Circulation Changes in the North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 96, 22009-22024.
Trenberth, K. , J. Angell, R. Barry, R. Bradley, H. Diaz, W. Elliott, R. Etkins, C. Folland, R. Jenne, P. Jones, T. Karl, S. Levitus, A. Oort, D. Parker, C. Ropelewski, K. Vinnikov, and T. Wigley, 1991: Working Group I: Observations, in Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations, Elseveir, New York, pp. 571-582.

1990

Levitus, S., 1990: Interpentadal variability of steric sea level and geopotential thickness of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 95, 5233-5238.

1989

Levitus, S., 1989: Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 94, 6091-6131.
Levitus, S., 1989: Interpentadal variability of salinity in the upper 150 m of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 94, 9679-9685.
Levitus, S., 1989: Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity in the deep North Atlantic, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 94, 16125-16131.

1982

Levitus, S., 1982: Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, NOAA Professional Paper 13, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Rockville, M.D., 190 pp. Online reprint pdf .