The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) weather forecast model that generates data for dozens of atmospheric and land-soil variables, including temperatures, winds, precipitation, soil moisture, and atmospheric ozone concentration. The system
The Global Historical Climatology Network daily (GHCNd) is an integrated database of daily climate summaries from land surface stations across the globe. GHCNd is made up of daily climate records from numerous sources that have been integrated and subjected to a common suite of quality assurance
The World Magnetic Model (WMM) is the standard model for navigation, attitude, and heading referencing systems that use the geomagnetic field. The WMM is also used for civilian applications, including navigation and heading systems. A new version of the model is updated every five years to address
The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) project is the most complete global collection of tropical cyclones available. It merges recent and historical tropical cyclone data from multiple agencies to create a unified, publicly available, best-track dataset that improves
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) system is a network of 160 high-resolution S-band Doppler weather radars jointly operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the U.S. Air Force. The NEXRAD system detects precipitation and wind, and its
NOAA's Weather and Climate Toolkit (WCT) is mapping and data conversion software. WCT is a free platform with source code that allows the visualization and export of local or remote weather and climate data including outputs from Radar, Satellites, and Modelling. Unique data conversion features
The Interactive Radar Map shows supplemental data in support of NCEI's Weather Radar Archive. The tool includes several unique features that allow users to select data from 1995–present for individual or multiple stations at varying altitudes.
Meteorologists and climatologists define seasons differently from “regular” or astronomical spring, summer, fall, and winter.
The U.S. Climate Normals are a large suite of data products that provide information about typical climate conditions for thousands of locations across the United States. Normals act both as a ruler to compare today’s weather and tomorrow’s forecast, and as a predictor of conditions in the near
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake struck off the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, generating a deadly tsunami.
Though climate and weather are closely related, they aren't the same thing. The main difference between the two is time.
Learn about how and why the geomagnetic poles move, and access pole location data from 1590–2025.
The average temperature for the CONUS in July was 76.9°F, 3.3°F above the 20th-century average.