The Global Forecast System (GFS) is a National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) weather forecast model that generates data for dozens of atmospheric and land-soil variables, including temperatures, winds, precipitation, soil moisture, and atmospheric ozone concentration. The system
2025 ranked as the third-warmest year in NOAA’s 176-year record, with a global surface temperature 2.11°F (1.17°C) higher than the 20th-century baseline.
In late October 2003, the sun unleashed a massive solar storm that affected a variety of technological systems around the world.
Learn about how and why the geomagnetic poles move, and access pole location data from 1590–2025.
The Global Historical Climatology Network daily (GHCNd) is an integrated database of daily climate summaries from land surface stations across the globe. GHCNd is made up of daily climate records from numerous sources that have been integrated and subjected to a common suite of quality assurance
The World Magnetic Model (WMM) is the standard model for navigation, attitude, and heading referencing systems that use the geomagnetic field. The WMM is also used for civilian applications, including navigation and heading systems. A new version of the model is updated every five years to address
On February 11-20, 2021, a historical winter event occurred across the state of Texas that set many records, including being the first billion-dollar weather disaster of that year.
Many factors influence the odds of viewing an aurora. Learn how to improve your chances of seeing one yourself.
On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake struck off the northeast coast of Honshu, Japan, generating a deadly tsunami.
The U.S. Climate Normals are a large suite of data products that provide information about typical climate conditions for thousands of locations across the United States. Normals act both as a ruler to compare today’s weather and tomorrow’s forecast, and as a predictor of conditions in the near
The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a standard mathematical description of the Earth's main magnetic field. It is used widely in studies of the Earth's deep interior, crust, ionosphere, and magnetosphere. While this web page is hosted at NOAA/NCEI, the model itself is developed
An explosive eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano in the Kingdom of Tonga on January 15, 2022 triggered deadly and damaging tsunami waves.
Local Climatological Data Version 2 (LCDv2) reports are concise monthly summaries of hourly, daily, and monthly weather station measurements. These summaries include temperature, precipitation, humidity, and common weather observation types. LCDv2 replaces LCDv1, providing some additional data
The North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) is one of the National Centers For Environmental Prediction’s (NCEP) major models for producing weather forecasts. NAM generates multiple grids (or domains) of weather forecasts over the North American continent at various horizontal resolutions