U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

OCL Publications

Ocean Climate Laboratory Products

Ocean Climate Laboratory

  • Levitus, S., S. Sato, C. Maillard, N. Mikhailov, P. Caldwell, and H. Dooley, 2005: Building Ocean Profile-Plankton Databases for Climate and Ecosystem Research, NOAA Tech. Report NESDIS 117, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 29 pp.
  • Anonymous, 2003: Proceedings of the International GODAR Review Meeting: Abstracts. NOAA Tech. report NESDIS 113, Available from NODC (NODC.Services@noaa.gov),Silver Spring, MD, 48 pp.
  • Feely, R. A. and C. L. Sabine, 2002: A plan for data management of in situ large-scale oceanic carbon observations. NOAA OAR Special report, Contribution No. 2445 from the NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, For sale by the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA. 22161, 21 pp.
  • Tsurushima, N., K. Imai, Y. Nojiri, and P. Murphy, 2002: KNOT: Ocean Time-series Program in western North Pacific completes first phase. U.S. JGOFS News, 11, 11-13.
  • Conkright, M. E., 2000: DMTT focuses on availability and preservation of JGOFS data. U.S. JGOFS News,10, 14-15.
  • Mehta, V., E. Lindstrom, A. Busalacchi, T. Delworth, C. Deser, L.-L. Fu, J. Hansen, G. Lagerloef, K.-M. Lau, S. Levitus, G. Meehl, G. Mitchum, E. Sarachik, J. Susskind, W. White, 2000: Proceedings of the NASA Workshop on decadal Climate Variability. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 2983-2985.
  • Levitus, S., R. Gelfeld, M. E. Conkright, T. P. Boyer, D. Johnson, T. O' Brien, C. Stephens, C. Forgy, O. Baranova, I. Smolyar, G. Trammell, R. Moffatt, 2000: Results of the NODC and IOC Data Archaeology and Rescue projects. Key to Oceanographic Records Documentation No. 19, National Oceanographic Data Center, Wash., D.C., 19 pp., 7 tables, 16 figs.
  • Paulette Murphy, P.,Y. Nojiri, and C. S. Wong, 2000: Extensive new CO2 data in the North Pacific from the Volunteer Observing Ship SKAUGRAN. U.S. JGOFS News,10, 8-9.
  • Levitus, S., J. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, C. Stephens, 1999: Interannual-to-decadal variability of the temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean: How deep and where do we need to measure?, in Proceedings of the Conference on the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Saint Raphael, France.
  • Legler, D., P. Freitag, P. Holliday, B. Kelley, S. Levitus, and R. Wilson, 1999: in Proceedings of the International Conference on the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Saint Raphael, France.
  • Moffatt, R.E., 1998: A 40-Year History of Service to the International Scientific Community, in Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange, 1997. WDC-A for Oceanography, Silver Spring, MD, pp. 7-29.
  • Isayev, G., 1997: Ocean Modeling, 113, Oxford Univ., England, pp. 3-7.
  • NOAA, 1997: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Oceanographic Biological and Chemical data Management. NOAA Tech. Report NESDIS 87, Wash., D.C., 224 pp. (Available from NODC, Silver Spring, MD)
  • Belkin, I.M., 1995: Experimental exploration of the Southern Ocean, in: National Report to the IAPSO of the IUGG, presented to the XXI General Assembly of the IUGG, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 96-106.
  • Belkin, I.M., 1995: Remote sensing and in situ observations of subtropical fronts, In: Proceeding of the COSPAR Colloquium "Space Remote Sensing of Subtropical Oceans", September 12-16, 1995, Taipei, Taiwan, 14B31-14B35.
  • Isayev, G., 1995: Towards a local diagnostic method. Ocean Modeling, 107, Oxford Univ., England, pp. 1-5.
  • Conkright, M. and S. Levitus, 1994: Quality control and analysis of historical nutrient data in the Indian Ocean. Proceedings from workshop held at Sebastopol, Ukraine.
  • Conkright, M., S. Levitus, T. Boyer, D.M. Bartolacci, and M.E. Luther, 1994: Atlas of the Northern Indian Ocean. Available from, Marine Science Department, U. of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida.   Online reprint pdf (9.9 MB)
  • da Silva, A.M., C. Young, and S. Levitus, 1994: Toward a revised Beaufort equivalent scale. Proceedings from the COADS Winds Workshop held in Kiel, Germany, 1994.
  • Isayev, G., 1994: Absolute velocity as a function of standard observed data and their first derivatives. Ocean Modeling, 102, Oxford Univ., England, pp. 12-15.
  • Levitus, S., R. Gelfeld, T. Boyer, and D. Johnson, 1994: Results of the NODC and IOC Data Archaeology and Rescue projects. Key to Oceanographic Records Documentation No. 19, National Oceanographic Data Center, Wash., D.C., 67 pp.
  • Young, C., A. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1994: The effect of a revised Beaufort scale on momentum and heat fluxes over the global oceans. Proceedings from the COADS Winds Workshop held in Kiel, Germany, 1994.
  • Isayev G., and S. Levitus, 1993: The North Atlantic Absolute Circulation: Climatology and Change between 1950's and 1970's. Univ. Maryland tech. report.
  • Young, C., A. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1993: Monthly distribution of SST observations in COADS: 1945-89. Univ. Wisconsin-Milwaukee Dept. of Geosciences Tech. Report 93.01
  • Levitus, S. and R. Gelfeld, 1992: National Oceanographic Data Center Inventory of Oceanographic Profiles: Global Distributions by Year for All Countries. Key to Oceanographic Records Documentation No. 18, 242 pp.
  • Levitus, S., 1991: Systematic errors in expendable bathythermograph measurements and their impact on ocean climate change studies. Workshop on the Quality and Continuity of Environmental Data. April 11-12, 1991, Silver Spring. Md. ESDIM Project Office.
  • Levitus, S., 1990: Temporal variability of steric sea level of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. In, Towards an Integrated System for Measuring Long Term Changes in Global Sea Level; Report of a Workshop held at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Wash., D.C., 11-16.

  • Levitus, S. and John Antonov, 2012: Ocean heat and salt content Earth System Monitor, 19(1), 4.
  • Anonymous, 2009: World Ocean Database. EOS, 90(49).
  • Anonymous, 2007: World Ocean Database Expended. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88(1), p. 21.
  • Levitus, S., T. Boyer, H. Garcia, R. Locarnini, and A. Mishonov, 2007: World Ocean Atlas 2005 presents new ocean climatologies. Earth System Monitor, 16(2), 10.
  • Levitus, S., T. Boyer, H. Garcia, R. Locarnini, I. Smolyar, A. Mishonov, D. Johnson, and J. Antonov, 2006: World Ocean Database 2005 now available. Earth System Monitor, 15(1).
  • Smolyar, I., S. Levitus, R. Tatusko, 2003: Oceanographic database for the study of the Arctic climatic system. NOAA Earth System Monitor, 13(4).
  • Smolyar, I., P. Makarevich, S. Timofeev, and A. Zuyev, 2000: Biological atlas of the Barents and Kara Seas. NOAA Earth System Monitor, 11(2).
  • Matishov, G. G., V. V. Denisov, A. N. Zuyev, V. A. Golubev, N.M. Adrov, S. Levitus, I. V. Smolyar, 1999: Climatic Atlas of the Barents Sea. Doklady Earth Sciences (English translation of Doklady Akademii Nauk, Russia), 366 (5),692-694
  • NODC, 1999: Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994 (UWM/COADS). NODC Environmental Information Bulletin 99-1.
  • NODC, 1999: Wolrd Ocean Atlas 1998 and World Ocean Atlas 1998 Figures. NODC Environmental Information Bulletin 99-3.
  • NODC, 1998: World Ocean Database 1998: CD-ROM Scientific Data Sets. NODC Environmental Information Bulletin 98-1.
  • Young-Molling, C., A. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1998: New volumes planned for release in the Atlas of Surface marine Data series. NOAA Earth System Monitor, 8(3).
  • Conkright, M.E., T.P. Boyer, G.I. Monterey, J. Antonov, and S. Levitus, 1996: Future products in the World Ocean Atlas 1994 series. NOAA Earth System Monitor, 7(2).
  • Anonymous, 1995a: New GODAR product available, UNESCO, IMS Newsletter No. 73-74,p. 11.
  • Anonymous, 1995b: New GODAR product available, EOS Transactions, Section News, 76(34), p. 339.
  • Anonymous, 1995c: Atlas of the World's Oceans on CD-ROM, Scientific Computing, Issue 13 November 1995.
  • Levitus, S., M.E.Conkright, R. Gelfeld, and T.P. Boyer, 1995: World Ocean Atlas 1994 and CD-ROM Data Sets. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., p. 405.
  • Gelfeld, R., and H. Dooley, 1994: Old Sea Data Help Scientists Today. ICES CIEM Information Newsletter, No. 24,p. 9.
  • Levitus, S., M.E.Conkright, R. Gelfeld, and T.P. Boyer, 1994: World Ocean Atlas 1994. Global Change Newsletter, No. 20, pp 4-6.
  • Levitus, S., M.E. Conkright, R. Gelfeld, T.P. Boyer, 1994: World Ocean Atlas presents new Ocean climatologies. NOAA Earth System Monitor, 5(2).
  • Levitus, S., and R. Gelfeld, 1993: Oceanographic data archaeology project receives international support. NOAA Earth System Monitor,(2).
  • Levitus, S. and R. Gelfeld, 1993: Oceanographic data archaeology project receives international support. UNESCO, IMS Newsletter, No. 67, pp. 4-5.
  • Levitus, S., R. Gelfeld, L. Stathoplos, and M.E. Conkright, 1993: Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue Project is Underway. U.S. JGOFS News, 5(2).

  • WDC for Oceanography, 2003: Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange 2000-2001.   Online reprint pdf 
  • WDC for Oceanography, 2000: Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange 1999.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1999: Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange 1998.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1998: Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange 1997.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1997: Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange 1996.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1996: Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange 1994-1995.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1994: Change Notice Nos. 52 and 53 to the Catalogue of Data.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1994: Oceanographic Data Exchange, 1993.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1993: Oceanographic Data Exchange, 1992.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1993: Change Notice Nos. 50 and 51 to the Catalogue of Data.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1993: Supplement No. 21 to the Catalogue of Accessioned Publications, 1991-1992.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1992: Change Notice Nos. 48 and 49 to the Catalogue of Data.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1992: Oceanographic Data Exchange, 1991.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1991: Oceanographic Data Exchange, 1990.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1991: Change Notice Nos. 46 and 47 to the Catalogue of Data.
  • WDC-A, Oceanography, 1991: Supplement No. 20 to the Catalogue of Accessioned Publications, 1989-1990.

Workshop Reports for the Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue Project

  • IOC, 2003: International Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) Review Conference. IOC Workshop Report 178. Silver Spring, MD, USA, July 1999, 41 pp., 2 Annexes.   Online reprint pdf (0.4 MB)
  • IOC, 1997: IOC-ICSU-NOAA Regional Workshop for Member States of the Caribbean and South America-GODAR V (Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue Project). IOC Workshop Report 127. Cartagena de Indias, Colombia 8-11 October 1996, 46 pp.
  • IOC, 1997: IOC-ICSU-NOAA Regional Workshop for Member States of West Africa-GODAR IV (Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue Project). IOC Workshop Report 136. Accra Ghana, March 1997, 70 pp.
  • IOC, 1996: IOC-EU-BSH-NOAA International Workshop on Oceanographic Biological and Chemical Data Management. IOC Workshop Report 122. Gamburg, Germany, 20-23 May 1996, 70 pp.   Online reprint pdf (0.1 MB)
  • IOC, 1995: IOC-ICSU-NOAA Regional Workshop for Member States of the Mediterranean Sea-GODAR IV (Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue Project). IOC Workshop Report 110. University of Malta, Foundation for International Studies, Valletta, Malta, 25-28 April, 1995.
  • IOC, 1994a: IOC-SOA-NOA Regional Workshop for Member States of the western Pacific-GODAR II (Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue project). IOC Workshop Report 100. World Data Centre D, Oceanography, Tianjin, China, 8-11 March, 1994.
  • IOC, 1994b: IOC-ICSU-NIO-NOAA Regional Workshop for Member States of the Indian Ocean-GODAR III (Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue Project. IOC Workshop Report 107. Indian National Oceanographic Data Centre, Dona Paula, Goa, India, 6-9 December, 1994.
  • IOC, 1993: IOC-CEC-ICSU-ICES Regional Workshop for Member States of Eastern and Northern Europe (Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue [GODAR] Project. IOC Workshop Report 88. WDC-B, Oceanography Obninsk, Russia, 17-20 May 1993.
  • 1992: Proceedings of the Ocean Climate Data Workshop. Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 18-21 February.   Online reprint pdf (76.7 MB)
  • 1988: Final Report of the NODC/ERL Workshop on Ocean Data Files. National Oceanographic Data Center, Wash., D.C., 13-14 June.   Online reprint pdf (23.4 MB)

Scientific Journal Publications by Year

2017 

Seidov, D., A. Mishonov, J. Reagan, and R. Parsons (2017) : Multidecadal variability and climate shift in the North Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 49854993; doi:10.1002/2017GL073644

2015

2014

  • Boyer, T.P., H. E. Garcia, R. A. Locarnini, M. M. Zweng, A. V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, J. I. Antonov, O. K. Baranova, M. M. Biddle, D. R. Johnson and C. R. Paver, 2014 : 2013 World Ocean Atlas Aids High-Resolution Climate Studies, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 95, 41, 369-370, doi:10.1002/2014EO410002. Online reprint pdf*
  • Boyer, T., J. Antonov, J. Reagan, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini, 2014 : [Subsurface salinity] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2013], Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 95, S62-S65, doi:10.1175/2014BAMSStateoftheClimate.1
  • Cheng, L., Zhu, J., R. Cowley, T. Boyer, and S. Wijffels, 2014 : Time, probe type, and temperature variable bias corrections to historical expendable bathythermograph observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , 31, 17931825., doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00197.1
  • Johnson, G. C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, S. A. Good, C. M. Domingues, and N. Bindoff, 2014 : [Ocean Heat Content] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2013]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 95 (7), 54-57.
  • Reagan, J., T. Boyer, J. Antonov, and M. Zweng, 2014 : Comparison analysis between Aquarius sea surface salinity and World Ocean Database in situ analyzed sea surface salinity, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, 81228140, doi:10.1002/2014JC009961.
  • Xie, T., T. Boyer, E. Bayler, Y. Xue, D. Byrne, J. Reagan, R. Locarnini, F. Sun, R. Joyce, and A. Kumar, 2014 : An in situ - satellite blended analysis of global sea surface salinity. J. Geophy. Res. Oceans, 119, 6140 - 6160, doi:10.1002/2014JC010046. Online reprint pdf (5.2 MB).

2013

  • Abraham, J.P., M. Baringer, N.L. Bindoff, T. Boyer, L.J. Cheng, J.A. Church, J.L. Conroy, C.M. Domingues, J.T. Fasullo, J. Gilson, G. Goni, S.A. Good, J. M. Gorman, V. Gouretski, M. Ishii, G.C. Johnson, S. Kizu, J.M. Lyman, A. M. Macdonald, W.J. Minkowycz, S.E. Moffitt, M.D. Palmer, A.R. Piola, F. Reseghetti, K. Schuckmann,K.E. Trenberth, I. Velicogna, J.K. Willis, 2013 : A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change. Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 51, pp 450-483 available online*
  • Johnson, G. C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, S. Levitus, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, S. A. Good, C. M. Domingues, S. Wijffels, and N. Bindoff, 2013 : [Ocean Heat Content] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2012]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 94 (8), 50-53.
  • Kurian, N., M. Lengaigne, G.V. Vissa, J. Vialard, S. Pous, A.-C. Peter, F. Durand, S. Naik, 2013 : Processes of India's offshore summer intraseasonal sea surface temperature variability. Ocean Dyn. , doi:10.1007/s10236-013-0604-6
  • Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, O. K. Baranova, T. P. Boyer, C. L. Coleman, H. E. Garcia, A. I. Grodsky, D. R. Johnson, R. A. Locarnini, A. V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, C. L. Sazama, D. Seidov, I. Smolyar, E. S. Yarosh, and M. M. Zweng, 2013 : The World Ocean Database In, Special Issue of the Proceedings of the 1st WDS Conference in Kyoto, 3 - 6 September 2011, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Data Science Journal , v.3, 229-234, available online*
  • Levitus, S., G. Matishov, I. Smolyar, O. K Baranova, M. M. Zweng, T. Tielking, N. Mikhailov, S. Kizu, F. Nast, G. Reed, R. Keeley, L. Rickards, A. Korablev, 2013: World War II (1939-1945) Oceanographic Observations. Data Science Journal , 12, 102-157. Available online pdf*

2012

  • Gleckler, P. J., B. D. Santer, C. M. Domingues, D. W. Pierce, T. P. Barnett, J. A. Church, K. E. Taylor, K. M. AchutaRao, T. Boyer, M. Ishii and P. M. Caldwell, 2012 : Human-induced global ocean warming on multidecadal timescales. Nature Climate Change, Nature Climate Change, published online, , doi:10.1038/nclimate1553
  • Gouretski, V., J. Kennedy, A. Kohl, T. Boyer, 2012 : Consistent near-surface ocean warming since 1900 in two largely independent observing networks, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 39, L19606, doi:10.1029/2012GL052975.
  • Levitus, S., 2012 : The UNESCO/IOC/IODE Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) project CODATA Data Sci. J. , 11, 46-71. Online reprint pdf
  • Levitus, S., 2012 : Sea level change results from the IPCC 2007 Report and subsequent results, In Sea level rise and coastal infrastructure: Prediction, risks, and solutions, American Society of Civil Engineers Council on Disaster Risk Management , Monograph No. 6, eds. B. M. Ayyub and M. S. Kearney, 20-27.
  • Boyer, T.P., Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, J. R. Reagan, C. Schmid, and R. Locarnini, 2012: [Subsurface salinity] Global Oceans [in State of the Climate in 2011]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 93 (7), S72-S75.
  • Levitus, S., G. Matishov, I. Smolyar, O. K Baranova, M. M. Zweng, T. Tielking, N. Mikhailov, S. Kizu, F. Nast, G. Reed, R. Keeley, L. Rickards, A. Korablev, 2013: World War II (1939-1945) Oceanographic Observations. Data Science Journal , 12, 102-157. Available online pdf*
  • Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, O. K. Baranova, H. E. Garcia, R. A. Locarnini, A.V. Mishonov, J. R. Reagan, D. Seidov, E. S. Yarosh, M. M. Zweng, 2012: World Ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m) 1955-2010. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 39, L10603, doi:10.1029/2012GL051106. Online version, data access, pdf
  • Xue, Y., M. A. Balmaseda, T. Boyer, N. Ferry, S. Good, I. Ishikawa, A. Kumar, M. Rienecker, A.J. Rosati, and Y. Yin, 2012 : A comparative analysis of upper-ocean heat content variability from an ensemble of operational ocean reanalyses. J. Climate , 6905-6929, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00542.1

2011

  • Boyer, T. P., V. V. Gopalakrishna, F. Reseghetti, A. Naik, V. Suneel, M. Ravichandran, N. P. Mohammed Ali, M. M. Rafeeq, and R. A. Chico, 2011 : Investigation of XBT and XCTD biases in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal with implications for climate studies, J. Atmosph. Ocean. Tech. , 28, doi:10.1175/2010JTECHO784.1, 266-286.
  • Giese, B. S., G. A. Chepurin, J. A. Carton, T. P. Boyer, and H. F. Seidel. 2011 : Impact of Bathythermograph Temperature Bias Models on an Ocean Reanalysis, J. Clim. , 24, 84-93.
  • Johnson, G.C., J. M. Lyman, J. K. Willis, S. Levitus, T. Boyer, J. Antonov, 2011 : Ocean heat content, Global Oceans (in State of the Climate in 2010). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 92 (6), 81-84.
  • Levitus, S., J. Antonov, T. Boyer, J. Reagan, C. Schmid, 2011 : Subsurface salinity, Global Oceans (in State of the Climate in 2010). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 92 (6), 88-92.

2010

  • Auladell, M., J. L. Pelegri, A. Garcia-Olivares, A. D. Kirwan, B. L. Lipphardt, J. M. Martin, A. Pascual, P. Sangra, and M. Zweng, 2010: Modelling the early evolution of a Loop Current ring, J. Mar. Syst, , 80 (3-4), 160-171.
  • Glover, D. M., P. H. Wiebe, and C. L. Chandler, and S. Levitus, 2010: IOC Contributions to International, Interdisciplinary Open Data Sharing. Oceanography , 23 (3), 97-107. Online reprint pdf
  • Gopalakrishna, V.V., F. Durand, K. Nisha, M. Lengaigne, T.P. Boyer, J. Costa, R.R. Rao, M. Ravichandran, S. Amrithash, L. John, K. Girish, C. Ravichandran, V. Suneel, 2010: Observed intra-seasonal to interannual variability of the upper ocean thermal structure in the southeastern Arabian Sea during 2002-2008, Deep-Sea Res. I , doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.010
  • Palmer, M. D., Antonov, J., Barker, P., Bindoff, N., Boyer, T., Carson, M., Domingues, C. M., Gille, S., Gleckler, P., Good, S., Gouretski, V., Guinehut, S., Haines, K., Harrison, D.E., Ishii, M., Johnson, G. C., Levitus, S., Lozier, M. S., Lyman, J. M., Meijers, A., von Schuckmann, K., Smith, d., Wijffels, S., Willis, J., 2010: Future observations for monitoring global ocean heat content. In Proceedings of OceanObs09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2) , Venice, Italy, 21-25 September 2009 Hall, J., Harrison, D. E. & Stammer, D., Eds. ESA WPP 306, doi:10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp68. Online reprint pdf*

2009

  • Helber, R. W., A. B. Kara, C. N. Barron, and T. P. Boyer, 2009: Mixed layer depth in the Aegean, Marmara, Black and Azov Seas: Part II: Relation to the sonic layer depth. J. Mar. Sys., 78:S181-S190.
  • Kara, A. B., R. W. Helber, T. P. Boyer, and J. B. Elsner, 2009: Mixed layer depth in the Aegean, Marmara, Black and Azov Seas: Part I: General features. J. Mar. Sys., 78:S169-S180.
  • Kara, A.B., C.N. Barron, and T.P. Boyer, 2009: Evaluations of SST climatologies in the tropical Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C02021, doi:10.1029/2008JC004909
  • Levitus, S., J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, R.A. Locarnini, H.E. Garcia, and A.V. Mishonov, 2009: Global Ocean Heat Content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36, L07608, doi:10.1029/2008GL037155. Online version, data access
  • Levitus, S., G. Matishov, D. Seidov, I. Smolyar, 2009: Barents Sea Multidecadal Variability Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36, L19604, doi:10.1029/2009GL039847.
  • Peterson, T. C, et. al., 2009: State of the Climate in 2008. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 90, S13-+.
  • Son, Y. B., W.D. Gardner, A.V. Mishonov, and M.J. Richardson, 2009: Multispectral remote sensing algorithms for particulate organic carbon (POC): the Gulf of Mexico, Remote Sensing of the Environment, 113, 50-61.
  • Son, Y. B., W.D. Gardner, A.V. Mishonov, and M.J. Richardson, 2009: Model-based remote sensing algorithms for particulate organic carbon (POC) in the North-eastern Gulf of Mexico, J. Earth Sys. Sci., 118 (1), 1-10.

2008

  • Haupt, B.J., and D. Seidov, 2008: The Miocene Climate at 20 and 14 Ma: A model study with the focus on freshwater, EOS Trans. AGU. Fall Meet Suppl. , 89 (7), Abstract PP11A-1370
  • Karageorgis, A.P., W.D. Gardner, D.Georgopoulos, A.V. Mishonov, E.Krasakopoulou and C. Anagnostou, 2008: Particle dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: A synthesis based on light transmission, PMC, and POC archives (1991-2001), Deep-Sea Res., 55(2):177-202. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.11.002
  • Lipphardt, B. L., A. C. Poje, A. D. Kirwan, L. Kantha, and M. Zweng, 2008: Death of three Loop Current rings. J. Mar. Res, 66 (1), 25-60.
  • Matishov, G. G., D. G. Matishov, S. V. Berdnikov, V. V. Sorokina, S. Levitus, I. V. Smolyar, 2008: Secular climate fluctuations in the Sea of Azov region (based on thermohaline data over 120 years. Doklady Earth Sciences, 422 (7),1101-1104.
  • Seidov, D., 2008: Heat transport, oceanic and atmospheric, in Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments, V. Gornitz (Ed.), pp. 407-409, Springer, NY.

2007

  • Anonymous Bull. Amer. Meteor Soc.,88(1), p. 21
  • Bindoff, N.L., J. Willebrand, V. Artale, A. Cazenave, J. Gregory, S. Gulev, K. Hanawa, C. Le Quéré, S. Levitus, Y. Nojiri, C.K. Shum, L. D. Talley, and U. Unnikrishnan, 2007: Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Maquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA
  • Boyer, T., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, R. Locarnini, A. Mishonov, H. Garcia, and S. A. Josey, 2007: Changes in freshwater content in the North Atlantic Ocean 1955 - 2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16603, doi:10.1029/2007GL030126
  • Haupt, B. J. and D. Seidov, 2007: Strengths and weaknesses of the global ocean conveyor: Inter-basin freshwater disparities as the major control. Prog. Oceanogr., 73, 358-369. Online reprint pdf
  • Jiao, N., Y. Zhang, Y. Zeng, W. D. Gardner, A. V. Mishonov, M. J. Richardson, N. Hong, D. Pan, Z.-H. Yan, Y.-H. Jo, C.-T. Arthur Chen, P. Wang, Y. Chen. H. Hong, Y. Bai, X. Chen, B. Huang, H. Deng, Y. Shi, D. Yang, 2007:Ecological anomalies in the East China Sea: Impacts of the Three Gorges Dam? Water Res., 41, p. 1287-1293. Online reprint pdf
  • Stouffer, R. J., D. Seidov, and B. J. Haupt, 2007: Climate Response to External Sources of Freshwater: North Atlantic versus the Southern Ocean. J. Clim., 20, 436-448. Online reprint pdf

2006

Gardner, W.D., Mishonov, A.V., Richardson, M.J., 2006: Global POC concentrations from in-situ and satellite data. Deep-Sea Res. II., 53, 718-740, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.01.029

2005

  • Antonov, J. I., S. Levitus, and T. P. Boyer, 2005: Thermosteric sea level rise, 1955-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12602, doi:10.1029/2005GL023112. Online reprint pdf
  • Boyer, T.P., J. I. Antonov, S. Levitus, R. Locarnini, 2005: Linear trends of salinity for the World Ocean, 1955-1998. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 32, L01604, doi:1029:2004GL021791. Online reprint pdf
  • Boyer, T., S. Levitus, H. Garcia, R. A. Locarnini, C. Stephens, J. Antonov, 2005: Objective analyses of annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and salinity for the world ocean on a 0.25 degree grid. Int. J. Clim., 25, 931-945.
  • Garcia, H. E., T. P. Boyer, S. Levitus, R. A. Locarnini, and J. I. Antonov, 2005: Climatological annual cycle of upper ocean oxygen content anomaly. Geophys. Res. Lett. , V. 32, L09604, doi:10.1029/2004GL022286. Online reprint pdf
  • Garcia, H. E., T. P. Boyer, S. Levitus, R. A. Locarnini, and J. I. Antonov, 2005: On the variability of dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization content for the upper world ocean: 1955 to 1998. Geophys. Res. Lett. , L05611, doi:10.1029/2004GL021745. Online reprint pdf
  • Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, 2005: Warming of the World Ocean, 1955-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 32, L02604, doi:10.1029GL021592. Online reprint pdf
  • Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, H. E. Garcia, and R. A. Locarnini, 2005: Linear trends of zonally averaged thermosteric, halosteric, and steric sea level changes for individual ocean basins and the world ocean, (1955-1959)-(1994-1998). Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16601, doi:1029/2005GL023761.
  • Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, H. E. Garcia, and R. Locarnini, 2005: EOF analysis of upper ocean heat content, 1956-2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18607, doi:10.1029/2005GL023606.
  • Levitus, S., S. Sato, C. Maillard, N. Mikhailov, P. Caldwell, and H. Dooley, 2005: Building Ocean Profile-Plankton Databases for Climate and Ecosystem Research, NOAA Tech. Report NESDIS 117, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 29 pp. Online reprint pdf
  • Matishov, G. G., A.N. Zuev, V. A. Golubev, S. Levitus, I. Smolyar, 2005: Mega database on oceanography and biology of the western Arctic region, Doklady Earth Sciences, 401, 343-346.
  • Rixen, M., J.-M. Beckers, S. Levitus, J. Antonov, T. Boyer, C. Maillard, M. Fichaut, E. Balapoulos, S. Iona, H. Dooley, M.-J. Garcia, B. Manca, A. Giorgetti, G. Manzella, N. Mikhaolov, N. Pinardi, M. Zavatarelli, and the MEDAR Consortium, 2005. The western Mediterranean Deep water: A proxy for climate change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12608, doi:10.1029/2005GL022702.
  • Zawada, D. G., R. R. V. Zaneveld, E. Boss, W. D. Gardner, M. J. Richardson, A. V. Mishonov, 2005: A comparison of hydrographically and optically derived mixed layer depths. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 110, C11001, doi:1029/2004JC002417

2004

Antonov, J. I., S. Levitus, T. P. Boyer , 2004: Climatological annual cycle of ocean heat content. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, doi:1029/2003GL018851 Online reprint pdf

Smolyar, I. V. and T. G. Bromage, 2004: Discrete model of fish scale incremental pattern: a formalization of the 2D anisotropic structure. ICES J. Mar. Sci., doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.013.

2003

Conkright, M.E., W.W. Gregg, 2003: Comparison of chlorophyll climatologies: in situ, CZCS, blended in situ-CZCS, and SeaWiFS. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 24, 969-991

Gregg, W. W., M. E. Conkright, P. Ginoux, J. E. O' Reilly,N. W. Casey, 2003: Ocean primary production and climate: Global decadal changes, 30(15), doi:10.1029/2003GL016889.

Lueker, T., S. Walker, M. Vollmer, R. Keeling, C. Nevison, R. Weiss, H. Garcia, 2003: Coastal upwelling air-sea fluxes revealed in atmospheric observations of O2/N2, CO2, and N2O, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2002GL016615

Oguma, S., T. Suzuki, S. Levitus, Y. Nagata, 2003: Skewed occurrence frequency of water temperature and salinity in the subarctic regions. J. Oceanogr., 59, 921-929

Smolyar, I., Adrov, N. 2003: The quantitative definition of the Barents Sea Atlantic Water: mapping of the annual climatic cycle and interannual variability, ICES J. of Marine Science, 60: 836-845 Online reprint pdf

2002

Antonov J.I., S. Levitus and T. Boyer, 2002: Steric sea level variations during 1957-1994: Importance of salinity. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 107, C12, 8013-8021 Online reprint pdf

Boyer, T. P. and S. Levitus, 2002: Harmonic analysis of climatological sea surface salinity. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 8006, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000829

Garcia M., I. Blade, A. Cruzado, Z. Velasquez, H. Garcia, J. Puigdefabregas, and J. Sospedra, 2002: Observed variability of water properties and transports on the World Ocean Circulation Experiment SR1b section across the Antarctic Circumpolar current. J. Geophys. Res. - Oceans, 107, C10 Online reprint pdf

2001

Garcia, H. E., R. E. Keeling, 2001: On the global oxygen anomaly and air-sea flux. J. Geophys. Res. , 106, C12, 31155-31166. Online reprint pdf

Gregg, W. W., M. E. Conkright, 2001: Global seasonal climatologies of ocean chlorophyll: Blending in situ and satellite data for the Coastal Zone Color Scanner era. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans. , 106, 2499-2515. Online reprint pdf

Levitus, S., J. Antonov, J. Wang, T. L. Delworth, K. W. Dixon, A. J. Broccoli,2001:Anthropogenic warming of earth's climate system. Science, 292, 267-270.

Murphy, P. P., Y. Nojiri, D. E. Harrison, 2001: Scales of spatial variability for ocean pCO2 in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea: toward a sampling strategy. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1047-1050.

Stephens, C., S. Levitus, J. Antonov, T.P. Boyer ,2001: On the Pacific Ocean regime shift. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 19, 3721-3724. Online reprint pdf

2000

Conkright, M.E., W.W. Gregg, and S. Levitus, 2000: Seasonal cycle of phosphate in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Res.,I 47, 159-175.

Levitus, S., J.I. Antonov, T.P. Boyer, C. Stephens, 2000: Warming of the World Ocean. Science, 287, 2225-2229. Online reprint abstract, full text

Levitus, S., C. Stephens, J. Antonov, and T.P. Boyer, 2000: Yearly and year-season upper ocean temperature anomaly fields, 1948-1998. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 40. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 23 pp. Online reprint pdf

Loukos, H., F. Vivier, P. P. Murphy, D. E. Harrison, C. Le Quere, 2000: Interannual variability of equatorial Pacific CO2 fluxes estimated from temperature and salinity data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1735

1999

Boyer, T.P., M. Conkright, and S. Levitus, 1999: Seasonal variability of dissolved oxygen and percent oxygen saturation in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep-Sea Res., 46, 1593-1613

1998

Belkin, I.M., S. Levitus, J.I. Antonov, and S.-A. Malmberg, 1998: "Great Salinity Anomalies" in the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr.,1998,41(1),1-68.

1997

Belkin, I., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., and S.-A. Malmberg, 1997: On the North Atlantic "Great Salinity Anomalies", ICES CM 1997/R:05, 42 pp.

Boyer, T.P., and S. Levitus, 1997: Objective Analyses of temperature and salinity for the world ocean on a 1/4 grid. NOAA/NESDIS Atlas 11. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 62 pp.

da Silva, A.M., C. C. Young-Molling, and S. Levitus, 1997: Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, Suppl. B: Procedures for 1/2 x 1/2 data set. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 17. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 128 pp.

Levitus, S., G.I. Monterey, and T. Boyer, 1997: Seasonal Variability of Dynamic Height and its Fourier Analysis. NOAA NESDIS Atlas 15, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 9 pp. and 38 figs. Online reprint pdf

Levitus, S., and J. Antonov, 1997: Climatological and Interannual Variability of Temperature, Heat Storage, and Rate of Heat Storage in the Upper Ocean, NOAA NESDIS Atlas 16. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 6 pp., 186 figs.

Monterey, G.I., and Levitus, S., 1997: Seasonal Variability of Mixed Layer Depth for the World Ocean. NOAA NESDIS Atlas 14, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 5 pp. 87 figs. Online reprint pdf

Sackett, W.M., and M.E. Conkright, 1997: Summary and re-evaluation of the high temperature isotope geochemistry of methane. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 1941-1952.

Smolyar, I., and N. Adrov, 1997: Annual and interannual cycles of the Atlantic Water in the Barents Sea.ICES CM,1997/R:12, 142p.

Young -Molling, C.C., A.M. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1997: Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, Vol. 6: Heat Flux Sensitivity to Sea Surface Temperature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 12. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., pp. 103.

Young-Molling, C.C., A.M. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1997: Atlas of Surface Marine Data 1994, Suppl. A: Anomalies of Directly Observed Quantities and Surface Marine Fluxes for 1990-1993. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 13. U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Wash., D.C., 128 pp.

Zhang, R-H., and S. Levitus, 1997: Structure and cycle of decadal variability of upper ocean temperature in the North Pacific. J. Climate, 10, 710-727.

Zhang, R-H., and S. Levitus, 1997: Interannual variability of the coupled tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 10, 1312-1330.

1996

Belkin, I.M., and S. Levitus, 1996: Temporal variability of the Subarctic front Near the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,101, 28317-28324.

Belkin, I.M., and A.L. Gordon ,1996: Southern Ocean fronts from the Greenwich Meridian to Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans., 101, 3675-3696.

Levitus, S., and J. Antonov, X. Zhou, H. Dooley, K. Selemenov, V.Tereschenkov, 1996: Decadal-Scale Variability of the North Atlantic Ocean. Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales. National Academy of Sciences Press, 318-324.

1995

Isayev, G., and S. Levitus, 1995: A diagnosis of the North Atlantic horizontal and vertical circulation with error estimates. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 100, 6795-6815.

Karl T.R., V.E. Derr, D.R. Easterling, C.K. Folland, D.J. Hofmann, S. Levitus, N. Nicholls, D.E. Parker, G. Withee, 1995: Critical Issues for Long-term Climate Monitoring. Climatic Change: Special Issue on Long-term Climate Monitoring, 31, 185-221.

Levitus, S., and J. Antonov, 1995: Observational evidence of interannual to decadal scale variability of the temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean. Climatic Change: Special Issue on Long-term Climate Monitoring, 31, 495-514.

Zhang, R-H. and S. Levitus, 1996: Structure and evolution of interannual variability of the tropical Pacific upper ocean temperature. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 101, 20501-20524.

1994

Greatbatch, R., A.F. Fanning, A.D. Goulding, A. da Silva, and S. Levitus, 1994: Model-Calculated Seasonal Transport Variations through the Florida Straits: A Comparison Using Different Wind Stress Climatologies. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 30-45.

Levitus, S., J. Antonov, and T. Boyer, 1994: Interannual variability of temperature at a depth of 125 m in the North Atlantic Ocean. Science, 266, 96-99. Online reprint pdf

Reverdin, G., D. Cayan, H.D. Dooley, D.J. Ellett, S. Levitus, Y. DuPenhoat, and A. Dessier, 1994: Surface salinity of the North Atlantic: Can we reconstruct its fluctuations over the last one hundred years. Prog. Oceanogr. ,33,303-346.

Stathoplos, L. and Tuross, N., 1994: Proteins and DNA from modern planktonic foraminifera. J. Foraminiferal Res., 24, 49-59.

1993

Antonov, J.I., 1993: Linear Trends of Temperature at Intermediate and Deep Layers of the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean: 1957-1981. J. Climate, 6, 1928-1942.

Levitus, S., M. Conkright, J.L. Reid, R. Najjar, and A. Mantyla,1993: Global Distributions of Silicate, Nitrate, and Phosphate in the World Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 31, 3, 245-273.

Stathoplos, L. and Hare, P. E. 1993: Bleaching removes amino acids from deep sea planktonic foraminiferal shells. J. Foraminiferal Res., 23(2), >102-107.

Tuross, N. and Stathoplos, L., 1993: Ancient Proteins in Fossil Bones. Methods in Enzymology, 224, 121-129

1992

Conkright, M.E. and W.M. Sackett, 1992: Stable carbon isotope changes during the maturation of organic matter. In: Productivity, Accumulation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Recent and Ancient Sediments, J. Whelan and J. Farrington, eds., Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 403-414.

Levitus, S., and G. Isayev, 1992: A Polynomial Approximation to the International Equation of State for Seawater. J. Ocean Atmosph. Tech., 9, 705-707.

1991

Greatbatch, R., A.F. Fanning, A.D. Goulding, and S. Levitus, 1991: A Diagnosis of Interpentadal Circulation Changes in the North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 96, 22009-22024.

Trenberth, K. , J. Angell, R. Barry, R. Bradley, H. Diaz, W. Elliott, R. Etkins, C. Folland, R. Jenne, P. Jones, T. Karl, S. Levitus, A. Oort, D. Parker, C. Ropelewski, K. Vinnikov, and T. Wigley, 1991: Working Group I: Observations, in Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climatic Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations, Elseveir, New York, pp. 571-582.

1990

Levitus, S., 1990: Interpentadal variability of steric sea Level and geopotential thickness of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 95, 5233-5238.

1989

Levitus, S., 1989: Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate depths of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 94, 6091-6131.

Levitus, S., 1989: Interpentadal variability of salinity in the upper 150 m of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 94, 9679-9685.

Levitus, S., 1989: Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity in the deep North Atlantic, 1970-74 versus 1955-59. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 94, 16125-16131.

1982

Levitus, S., 1982: Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, NOAA Professional Paper 13, U.S. Gov. Printing Office, Rockville, M.D., 190 pp. Online reprint pdf